Regulation of the CYB2 gene expression: transcriptional co-ordination by the Hap1p, Hap2/3/4/5p and Adr1p transcription factors.

abstract：:Neisseria meningitidis controls the expression of several genes involved in host adaptation by a process known as phase variation. The phase variation frequency of haemoglobin (Hb) receptors among clinical isolates of serogroups A, B and C differed drastically, ranging from approximately 10(-6) to 10(-2) cfu-1. Freque...

journal_title：Molecular microbiology

authors： Richardson AR,Stojiljkovic I

更新日期：2001-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The bacterial actin homologue MreB forms a helix underneath the cytoplasmic membrane and was shown to be essential in the morphogenesis of the rod-shaped cells. Additionally, MreB was implicated to be involved in DNA segregation. However, in our hands the mreBCD deletion strain (PA340-678) grew without apparent DNA se...

journal_title：Molecular microbiology

authors： Karczmarek A,Martínez-Arteaga R,Alexeeva S,Hansen FG,Vicente M,Nanninga N,den Blaauwen T

更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:srfA is a locus required for the production of the lipopeptide antibiotic surfactin. This locus is also necessary for efficient sporulation and competence development. Mutations in the 5' portion of the srfA operon affect all three of these processes, whereas mutations in the 3' portion of srfA only affect sporulation...

journal_title：Molecular microbiology

authors： van Sinderen D,Galli G,Cosmina P,de Ferra F,Withoff S,Venema G,Grandi G

更新日期：1993-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Elaboration of a capsule composed of one of a range of acidic polysaccharides is a common feature of many bacteria, particularly those capable of causing serious infections in humans. Biochemical and genetical analyses of capsule biogenesis in Escherichia coli are beginning to reveal new aspects of polysaccharide bios...

journal_title：Molecular microbiology

authors： Boulnois GJ,Jann K

更新日期：1989-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Most of the genes required for the conjugative transfer of DNA are encoded by the 33 kb transfer (tra) operon of F-like conjugative plasmids. Transcription of the tra operon is positively regulated by the TraJ transcriptional activator which, in turn, is negatively regulated by the FinOP fertility inhibition system. T...

journal_title：Molecular microbiology

authors： van Biesen T,Frost LS

更新日期：1994-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Proteus mirabilis is a common cause of urinary tract infection (UTI) in individuals with structural abnormalities or long-term catheterization. The expression of mannose-resistant/Proteus-like (MR/P) fimbria is phase variable because of the inversion of a 251 bp DNA fragment that carries the promoter for the mrp opero...

journal_title：Molecular microbiology

authors： Li X,Lockatell CV,Johnson DE,Mobley HL

更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Gram-negative bacteria survive harmful environmental stressors by modifying their outer membrane. Much of this protection is afforded upon remodeling of the lipid A region of the major surface molecule lipopolysaccharide (LPS). For example, the addition of cationic substituents, such as 4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinose (L-...

journal_title：Molecular microbiology

authors： Nowicki EM,O'Brien JP,Brodbelt JS,Trent MS

更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cells invest a significant amount of their energy synthesizing proteins, and a large portion of the energy expenditure goes into making ribosomes, the RNA-protein machines at the centre of translation. When ribosomes are damaged in a cell, i.e. during stressful conditions, cells must first recognize the damage and the...

journal_title：Molecular microbiology

authors： Cate JH

更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Natural transformation is a potent driver for genetic diversification in bacterial populations. It involves exogenous DNA binding, uptake, transport and internalization into the cytoplasm, where DNA can be processed and integrated into the host chromosome. Direct visualisation of transforming DNA (tDNA) has been limit...

journal_title：Molecular microbiology

authors： Corbinais C,Mathieu A,Kortulewski T,Radicella JP,Marsin S

更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In cyanobacteria and chloroplasts, exposure to HL damages the photosynthetic apparatus, especially the D1 subunit of Photosystem II. To avoid chronic photoinhibition, a PSII repair cycle operates to replace damaged PSII subunits with newly synthesised versions. To determine the sub-cellular location of this process, w...

journal_title：Molecular microbiology

authors： Sacharz J,Bryan SJ,Yu J,Burroughs NJ,Spence EM,Nixon PJ,Mullineaux CW

更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Pseudomonas aeruginosa algD gene is the first gene of an operon encoding most of the enzymes necessary for biosynthesis of the exopolysaccharide alginate. Transcriptional activation of algD results in the high-level synthesis of alginate, an important P. aeruginosa virulence factor with antiphagocytic and adherenc...

journal_title：Molecular microbiology

authors： Baynham PJ,Brown AL,Hall LL,Wozniak DJ

更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A novel growth phase-associated two-component-type regulator, Fas (fibronectin/fibrinogen binding/haemolytic activity/streptokinase regulator), of Streptococcus pyogenes was identified in the M1 genome sequence, based on homologies to the histidine protein kinase (HPK) and response regulator (RR) part of the Staphyloc...

journal_title：Molecular microbiology

authors： Kreikemeyer B,Boyle MD,Buttaro BA,Heinemann M,Podbielski A

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The cloned Citrobacter freundii ampC beta-lactamase is inducible in the presence of its regulatory gene ampR in Escherichia coli (Lindberg et al., 1985). The basal level of expression and inducibility are affected by two E. coli proteins encoded by the closely linked ampD and ampE genes. Deletion of both genes led to ...

journal_title：Molecular microbiology

authors： Lindquist S,Galleni M,Lindberg F,Normark S

更新日期：1989-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Gram-positive pathogen Corynebacterium diphtheriae exports through the Sec apparatus many extracellular proteins that include the key virulence factors diphtheria toxin and the adhesive pili. How these proteins attain their native conformations after translocation as unfolded precursors remains elusive. The fact t...

journal_title：Molecular microbiology

authors： Reardon-Robinson ME,Osipiuk J,Jooya N,Chang C,Joachimiak A,Das A,Ton-That H

更新日期：2015-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:For the rod-shaped Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli, changes in cell shape have critical consequences for motility, immune system evasion, proliferation and adhesion. For most bacteria, the peptidoglycan cell wall is both necessary and sufficient to determine cell shape. However, how the synthesis machinery as...

journal_title：Molecular microbiology

authors： Furchtgott L,Wingreen NS,Huang KC

更新日期：2011-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Plasmodium falciparum genome sequence has boosted hopes for a new era of malaria research and for the application of comprehensive molecular knowledge to disease control, but formidable obstacles remain: approximately 60% of the predicted P. falciparum proteins have no known functions or homologues, and most life ...

journal_title：Molecular microbiology

authors： Su XZ,Wootton JC

更新日期：2004-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:During pathogenesis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) colonizes environments, such as the macrophage or necrotic granuloma, that are acidic and rich in cholesterol and fatty acids. The goal of this study was to examine how acidic pH and available carbon sources interact to regulate Mtb physiology. Here we report that ...

journal_title：Molecular microbiology

authors： Baker JJ,Johnson BK,Abramovitch RB

更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bacteriophage PRD1 is a tailless membrane-containing double-stranded (ds) DNA virus infecting a variety of Gram-negative bacteria. In order to affect cell lysis, like most dsDNA phages, PRD1 uses the holin-endolysin system. In this study, we identified two accessory lysis genes, XXXVI and XXXVII, coding for proteins P...

journal_title：Molecular microbiology

authors： Krupovic M,Cvirkaite-Krupovic V,Bamford DH

更新日期：2008-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Aspergillus nidulans was used as a model organism to investigate the fungal propionate metabolism and the mechanism of growth inhibition by propionate. The fungus is able to grow slowly on propionate as sole carbon and energy source. Propionate is oxidized to pyruvate via the methylcitrate cycle. The key enzyme methyl...

journal_title：Molecular microbiology

authors： Brock M,Fischer R,Linder D,Buckel W

更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Members of the bacterial genus Brucella are facultative intracellular pathogens that reside predominantly within membrane-bound compartments within two host cell types, macrophages and placental trophoblasts. Within macrophages, the brucellae route themselves to an intracellular compartment that is favourable for surv...

journal_title：Molecular microbiology

authors： Roop RM 2nd,Bellaire BH,Valderas MW,Cardelli JA

更新日期：2004-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The cell wall is considered an essential component for bacterial survival, providing structural support, and protection from environmental insults. Under normal growth conditions, filamentous actinobacteria insert new cell wall material at the hyphal tips regulated by the coordinated activity of cytoskeletal proteins ...

journal_title：Molecular microbiology

authors： Ultee E,Zhong X,Shitut S,Briegel A,Claessen D

更新日期：2020-12-05 00:00:00

abstract：:The ctaD gene encoding subunit I of the aa3-type cytochrome c oxidase from Rhodobacter sphaeroides has been cloned. The gene encodes a polypeptide of 565 residues which is highly homologous to the sequences of subunit I from other prokaryotic and eukaryotic sources, e.g. 51% identity with that from bovine, and 75% ide...

journal_title：Molecular microbiology

authors： Shapleigh JP,Gennis RB

更新日期：1992-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Iron availability is a key determinant of virulence in the pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans. Previous work revealed that the ESCRT (endosomal sorting complex required for transport) protein Vps23 functions in iron acquisition, capsule formation and virulence. Here, we further characterized the ESCRT machinery...

journal_title：Molecular microbiology

authors： Hu G,Caza M,Cadieux B,Bakkeren E,Do E,Jung WH,Kronstad JW

更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The outer membrane channel TolC is a key component of multidrug efflux and type I secretion transporters in Escherichia coli. Mutational inactivation of TolC renders cells highly susceptible to antibiotics and leads to defects in secretion of protein toxins. Despite impairment of various transport functions, no growth...

journal_title：Molecular microbiology

authors： Dhamdhere G,Zgurskaya HI

更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have determined the sizes of the chromosomes of six Bacillus cereus strains (range 2.4-4.3 Mb) and constructed a physical map of the smallest B. cereus chromosome (2.4 Mb). This map was compared to those of the chromosomes of four B. cereus strains and one B. thuringiensis strain previously determined to be 5.4-6.3...

journal_title：Molecular microbiology

authors： Carlson CR,Kolstø AB

更新日期：1994-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Transcription in vitro of two osmoregulated promoters, for the Escherichia coli osmB and osmY genes, was analysed using two species of RNA polymerase holoenzyme reconstituted from purified core enzyme and either sigma D (sigma 70, the major sigma in exponentially growing cells) or sigma S (sigma 38, the principal sigm...

journal_title：Molecular microbiology

authors： Ding Q,Kusano S,Villarejo M,Ishihama A

更新日期：1995-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The nucleotide sequence of the traT gene present in the virulence-associated plasmid of Salmonella typhimurium was determined. The predicted TraT protein encoded by this gene was found to consist of 243 amino acids and to resemble the known TraT proteins of the plasmids of the F incompatibility group. Thus it contains...

journal_title：Molecular microbiology

authors： Sukupolvi S,Vuorio R,Qi SY,O'Connor D,Rhen M

更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Originally annotated as the initiator of fatty acid synthesis (FAS), β-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase III (KAS III) is a unique component of the bacterial FAS system. Novel variants of KAS III have been identified that promote the de novo use of additional extracellular fatty acids by FAS. These KAS III varian...

journal_title：Molecular microbiology

authors： Lee WC,Jeong MC,Lee Y,Kwak C,Lee JY,Kim Y

更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Crop destruction by the hemibiotrophic rice pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae requires plant defence suppression to facilitate extensive biotrophic growth in host cells before the onset of necrosis. How this is achieved at the genetic level is not well understood. Here, we report that a M. oryzae sirtuin, MoSir2, plays an e...

journal_title：Molecular microbiology

authors： Fernandez J,Marroquin-Guzman M,Nandakumar R,Shijo S,Cornwell KM,Li G,Wilson RA

更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the mouse model for systemic infection, natural a/alpha strains of C. albicans are more virulent and more competitive than their spontaneous MTL-homozygous offspring, which arise primarily by loss of one chromosome 5 homologue followed by duplication of the retained homologue (uniparental disomy). Deletion of eithe...

journal_title：Molecular microbiology

authors： Wu W,Lockhart SR,Pujol C,Srikantha T,Soll DR

更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00