Abstract:
:This study used the technique of waiting time modeling to analyze the combined effects of temperature, pH, carbohydrate, protein, and lipid on the time-to-toxicity of Clostridium botulinum 56A. Waiting time models can be used whenever the time to the occurrence of some event is the variable of interest. In the case of the time-to-toxicity data, the variable is the time from the beginning of an experiment until a tube is identified as positive. The statistical analysis used the SAS procedure LIFEREG and included determination of the form of the response surface, identification of the error distribution, and simplification of the response surface. We found that increasing the macromolecule concentration decreased the probability of toxin formation. The probability of toxin formation also decreased at lower temperatures and at pHs further from the optimum. The waiting time modeling approach to developing models for botulinal toxin formation compared favorably with other approaches but had one specific advantage. Waiting time models have the inherent advantage that safety concerns regarding predictions are automatically quantified in the analysis by formally identifying a distribution of times-to-toxicity. The use of this time-to-toxicity distribution permits a customizable margin of safety (e.g., one in a million) not possible with other approaches.
journal_name
Appl Environ Microbioljournal_title
Applied and environmental microbiologyauthors
Schaffner DW,Ross WH,Montville TJdoi
10.1128/AEM.64.11.4416-4422.1998subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1998-11-01 00:00:00pages
4416-22issue
11eissn
0099-2240issn
1098-5336journal_volume
64pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Plant surfaces, colonized by numerous and diverse bacterial species, are often considered hot spots for horizontal gene transfer (HGT) between plants and bacteria. Plant DNA released during the degradation of plant tissues can persist and remain biologically active for significant periods of time, suggesting that soil...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.02632-08
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Feeding of bovine milk to mice induced a high incidence of bacterial translocation from the intestines to the mesenteric lymph nodes, and the bacteria involved were mainly members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. Supplementation of the milk diet with bovine lactoferrin or a pepsin-generated hydrolysate of bovine lact...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.61.11.4131-4134.1995
更新日期:1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::An L-glutamine-overproducing mutant of an Escherichia coli K-12-derived strain was selected from randomly mutagenized cells in the course of L-alanyl-L-glutamine strain development. Genome-wide mutation analysis unveiled a novel mechanism for L-glutamine overproduction in this mutant. Three mutations were identified t...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.03994-12
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.50.3.701-703.1985
更新日期:1985-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aem.66.5.1788-1795.2000
更新日期:2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Accurate enumeration of viruses within environmental samples is critical for investigations of the ecological role of viruses and viral infection within microbial communities. This report evaluates differences in viral and bacterial direct counts between estuarine sediment samples which were either immediately process...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00297-06
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00711-09
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.62.7.2228-2235.1996
更新日期:1996-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.60.11.4124-4133.1994
更新日期:1994-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aem.69.7.4263-4267.2003
更新日期:2003-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.57.11.3150-3155.1991
更新日期:1991-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.02039-08
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00688-11
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.01517-10
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.02829-17
更新日期:2018-06-18 00:00:00
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.59.12.4216-4222.1993
更新日期:1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Light-dependent regulation of cell cycle progression in the marine cyanobacterium Synechococcus strain WH-8101 was demonstrated through the use of flow cytometry. Our results show that, similar to eucaryotic cells, marine Synechococcus spp. display two gaps in DNA synthesis, at the beginning and at the end of the cell...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.55.2.425-432.1989
更新日期:1989-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.64.2.763-767.1998
更新日期:1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Our goal was to develop a field soil biodegradation assay using (13)C-labeled compounds and identify the active microorganisms by analyzing 16S rRNA genes in soil-derived (13)C-labeled DNA. Our biodegradation approach sought to minimize microbiological artifacts caused by physical and/or nutritional disturbance of soi...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aem.69.3.1614-1622.2003
更新日期:2003-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aem.66.10.4468-4474.2000
更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aqueous spore suspensions of Bacillus stearothermophilus ATCC 12980 were heated at different temperatures for various time intervals in a resistometer, spread plated on antibiotic assay medium supplemented with 0.1% soluble starch without (AAMS) or with (AAMS-S) 0.9% NaCl, and incubated at 55 degrees C unless otherwis...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.53.2.365-370.1987
更新日期:1987-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::We found that a robust energy taxis response mediated by the Aer receptor can sometimes mask chemotaxis mediated by other methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins (MCPs) in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We identified PA2652 as a chemoreceptor for malate by screening aer mcp double mutants by using swarm plate assays. ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.01898-07
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Escherichia coli O157:H7 has caused serious outbreaks of food-borne illness via transmission in a variety of food vehicles, including unpasteurized apple juice, dried salami, and spinach. To understand how this pathogen responds to the multiple stresses of the food environment, we compared global transcription pattern...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.01029-13
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.61.3.868-871.1995
更新日期:1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bacterial source tracking is used to apportion fecal pollution among putative sources. Within this context, library-independent markers are genetic or phenotypic traits that can be used to identify the host origin without a need for library-dependent classification functions. The objective of this project was to use m...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.72.3.1843-1851.2006
更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Histone modifications are crucial for the regulation of secondary metabolism in various filamentous fungi. Here we studied the involvement of histone deacetylases (HDACs) in secondary metabolism in the phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium fujikuroi, a known producer of several secondary metabolites, including phytohormones...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.01557-13
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Miniaturized growth systems for heterogeneous culture collections are not only attractive in reducing demands for incubation space and medium but also in making the parallel handling of large numbers of strains more practicable. We report here on the optimization of oxygen transfer rates in deep-well microtiter plates...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aem.66.6.2641-2646.2000
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Toxin-producing isolates of Bacillus licheniformis were obtained from foods involved in food poisoning incidents, from raw milk, and from industrially produced baby food. The toxin detection method, based on the inhibition of boar spermatozoan motility, has been shown previously to be a sensitive assay for the emetic ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.65.10.4637-4645.1999
更新日期:1999-10-01 00:00:00