Abstract:
:Bacterial source tracking is used to apportion fecal pollution among putative sources. Within this context, library-independent markers are genetic or phenotypic traits that can be used to identify the host origin without a need for library-dependent classification functions. The objective of this project was to use mixed-genome Enterococcus microarrays to identify library-independent markers. Separate shotgun libraries were prepared for five host groups (cow, dog, elk/deer, human, and waterfowl), using genomic DNAs (gDNAs) from ca. 50 Enterococcus isolates for each library. Microarrays were constructed (864 probes per library), and 385 comparative genomic hybridizations were used to identify putative markers. PCR assays were used to screen 95 markers against gDNAs from isolates from known sources collected throughout the United States. This validation process narrowed the selection to 15 markers, with 7 having no recognized homologues and the remaining markers being related to genes involved in metabolic pathways and DNA replication. In most cases, each marker was exclusive to one of four Enterococcus species (Enterococcus casseliflavus, E. faecalis, E. hirae, or E. mundtii). Eight markers were highly specific to either cattle, humans, or elk/deer, while the remaining seven markers were positive for various combinations of hosts other than humans. Based on microarray hybridization data, the prevalence of host-specific markers ranged from 2% to 45% of isolates collected from their respective hosts. A 20-fold difference in prevalence could present challenges for the interpretation of library-independent markers.
journal_name
Appl Environ Microbioljournal_title
Applied and environmental microbiologyauthors
Soule M,Kuhn E,Loge F,Gay J,Call DRdoi
10.1128/AEM.72.3.1843-1851.2006keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2006-03-01 00:00:00pages
1843-51issue
3eissn
0099-2240issn
1098-5336pii
72/3/1843journal_volume
72pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Bacteria able to perform dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium were isolated from low-oxygen masses in the Baltic Sea. In liquid media enriched with NO(3) and incubated anaerobically, the NH(4)-producing isolates transformed 25 to 72% of the NO(3) to NH(4). ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.44.5.1241-1243.1982
更新日期:1982-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.55.6.1640-1641.1989
更新日期:1989-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aem.69.3.1465-1474.2003
更新日期:2003-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.33.4.901-905.1977
更新日期:1977-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00780-08
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.47.1.12-14.1984
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.55.10.2474-2479.1989
更新日期:1989-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aem.68.4.1647-1651.2002
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.53.10.2458-2463.1987
更新日期:1987-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.02633-08
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.65.6.2402-2408.1999
更新日期:1999-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.67.5.2051-2055.2001
更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.63.3.1148-1150.1997
更新日期:1997-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aem.66.3.1190-1194.2000
更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.01065-13
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.01678-18
更新日期:2018-11-30 00:00:00
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aem.68.11.5563-5570.2002
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.02239-06
更新日期:2007-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.02425-12
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aem.70.1.8-17.2004
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00170-10
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.02816-08
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.02820-07
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.01489-06
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.62.7.2508-2512.1996
更新日期:1996-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.01480-10
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.02033-07
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aem.66.8.3415-3420.2000
更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.56.2.451-462.1990
更新日期:1990-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Media used to determine the MICs of heavy metals for bacteria are unreliable because organic components in the media bind or chelate most of the metal being studied. To define specific metal activity in media and to maintain metal activity at a constant level, HEPES-MES [N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N' -2-ethanesulfonic...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.55.8.2101-2104.1989
更新日期:1989-08-01 00:00:00