Abstract:
:Old noninbred fly mortality decreases according to the inverse linear law and reduces to a single suborder-specific age. Relative child mortality (the mortality at a given age related to the mortality at 10 years) from 1 mo to 11 years is the same with 8% mean accuracy for all humans, independent of race, country, sex, and birth year (from 1780 to 1995), in contrast to birth mortality, which in developed countries changed fiftyfold during the last century. The concept of invariants, which is very powerful in physics, is applied to mortality of species as remote as humans and flies. It provides quantitative estimates for the selection of hereditary Methuselahs, who live, e.g., over six-mean lifespans and who may be relatively young biologically. It also demonstrates that old fly and relative child mortality are determined genetically and that the former is related to genetic heterogeneity.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Azbel' MYdoi
10.1073/pnas.95.15.9037subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1998-07-21 00:00:00pages
9037-41issue
15eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490journal_volume
95pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Development of therapy against infections caused by antibiotic-resistant pathogens is a major unmet need in contemporary medicine. In previous work, our group chemically modified an antimicrobial peptidomimetic motif for targeted applications against cancer and obesity. Here, we show that the modified motif per se is ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1221924110
更新日期:2013-02-26 00:00:00
abstract::Evolution of new enzymatic activities is believed to require a period of gene sharing in which a single enzyme must serve both its original function and a new function that has become advantageous to the organism. Subsequent gene duplication allows one copy to maintain the original function, while the other diverges t...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0804804105
更新日期:2008-09-09 00:00:00
abstract::By incorporating a population number regulating mechanism into the formulation of genic selection involving a pair of alleles (A1 and A2) with respective frequencies x and I-x, it is shown that the change of x in one generation is given by deltax = sx(1-x)/W, in which W is the mean absolute selective value (in Wright'...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.75.4.1934
更新日期:1978-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Canonical Wnt signaling has been implicated in an AP axis polarizing mechanism in most animals, despite limited evidence from arthropods. In the long-germ insect, Drosophila, Wnt signaling is not required for global AP patterning, but in short-germ insects including Tribolium castaneum, loss of Wnt signaling affects d...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1116641109
更新日期:2012-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::Enteritis caused by Clostridium difficile toxin (Tx) is a nosocomial disease of increasing clinical concern, but the local mediators of C. difficile TxA inflammation are unknown. The potent vasodilator calcitonin gene-related peptide mediates neurogenic inflammation via the calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CLR). Her...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1219733110
更新日期:2013-01-08 00:00:00
abstract::Some of the most important impacts of global climate change will be felt among the populations, predominantly in developing countries, referred to as "subsistence" or "smallholder" farmers. Their vulnerability to climate change comes both from being predominantly located in the tropics, and from various socioeconomic,...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1073/pnas.0701855104
更新日期:2007-12-11 00:00:00
abstract::Vaccine efficacy is determined largely by cellular and humoral immunity as well as long-lasting immunological memory. IL-2 and IL-15 were evaluated in vaccinia vectors expressing HIV gp160 for the establishment of an effective vaccine strategy. Both IL-2 and IL-15 in the vaccinia vector induced strong and long-lasting...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0630592100
更新日期:2003-03-18 00:00:00
abstract::A close correlation was observed between intracellular Ca2+ pool depletion and refilling and the onset of DNA synthesis and proliferation of DDT1MF-2 smooth muscle cells. The intracellular Ca2+ pump inhibitors 2,5-di-tert-butyl-hydroquinone (DBHQ) and thapsigargin (TG) specifically emptied identical inositol 1,4,5-tri...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.90.11.4986
更新日期:1993-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) and their receptors (VEGFRs) are key drivers of blood and lymph vessel formation in development, but also in several pathological processes. VEGF-C signaling through VEGFR-3 promotes lymphangiogenesis, which is a clinically relevant target for treating lymphatic insufficienc...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1301415110
更新日期:2013-08-06 00:00:00
abstract::Osmotic homeostasis in the brain involves movement of water through aquaporin-4 (AQP4) membrane channels. Perivascular astrocyte end-feet contain distinctive orthogonal lattices (square arrays) assembled from 4- to 6-nm intramembrane particles (IMPs) corresponding to individual AQP4 tetramers. Two isoforms of AQP4 res...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.2235843100
更新日期:2003-11-11 00:00:00
abstract::Compartmentalization of proteins into subcellular organelles in eukaryotic cells is a fundamental mechanism of regulating complex cellular functions. Many proteins of Plasmodium falciparum merozoites involved in invasion are compartmentalized into apical organelles. We have identified a new merozoite organelle that co...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0709999104
更新日期:2007-12-11 00:00:00
abstract::B-lymphocyte-specific class switch recombination is known to occur between pairs of 2- to 10-kb switch regions located immediately upstream of the immunoglobulin constant heavy-chain genes. Others have shown that the recombination is temporally correlated with the induction of transcription at the targeted switch regi...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.92.12.5625
更新日期:1995-06-06 00:00:00
abstract::In typical force spectroscopy experiments, a small biomolecule is attached to a soft polymer linker that is pulled with a relatively large bead or cantilever. At constant force, the total extension stochastically changes between two (or more) values, indicating that the biomolecule undergoes transitions between two (o...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1519633112
更新日期:2015-11-17 00:00:00
abstract::The origin of vertebrate eyes is still enigmatic. The "frontal eye" of amphioxus, our most primitive chordate relative, has long been recognized as a candidate precursor to the vertebrate eyes. However, the amphioxus frontal eye is composed of simple ciliated cells, unlike vertebrate rods and cones, which display more...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1207580109
更新日期:2012-09-18 00:00:00
abstract::Intact squid axons were injected with aequorin and bathed in 3 mM Ca seawater (a concentration close to that of squid blood). Sodium and potassium currents were pharmacologically blocked and repetitive voltage-clamp pulses of a duration of 1.5 ms were applied (to simulate the duration of an action potential) at amplit...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.82.6.1847
更新日期:1985-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::What are the origins of humans' capacity to represent social relations? We approached this question by studying human infants' understanding of social dominance as a stable relation. We presented infants with interactions between animated agents in conflict situations. Studies 1 and 2 targeted expectations of stabilit...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1113194109
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A pure population of mast cells was obtained after 14 days of culturing mouse bone marrow cells in the presence of medium derived from concanavalin A-stimulated mouse spleen cells. The cells were characterized as mast cells by their morphologic appearance and histologic staining, by their histamine content (450 ng per...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.78.4.2559
更新日期:1981-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent evidence implicates dysregulation of metabotropic glutamatergic receptor 5 (mGluR5) in pathophysiology of PTSD and suicidality. Using positron emission tomography and [18F]FPEB, we quantified mGluR5 availability in vivo in individuals with PTSD (n = 29) and MDD (n = 29) as a function of suicidal ideation (SI) t...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1818871116
更新日期:2019-06-04 00:00:00
abstract::Sepiapterin reductase (7,8-dihydrobiopterin: NADP+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.153) catalyzes the terminal step in the biosynthetic pathway for tetrahydrobiopterin, the cofactor necessary for aromatic amino acid hydroxylation. We report here the isolation of a cDNA clone for rat liver sepiapterin reductase. The cDNA has ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.87.16.6436
更新日期:1990-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::At least two kidney epithelial cell lines, the Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) and the murine inner medullary collecting duct line mIMCD-3, can be induced to form branching tubular structures when cultured with hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) plus serum in collagen I gels. In our studies, whereas MDCK cells remained u...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.92.10.4412
更新日期:1995-05-09 00:00:00
abstract::Microtubule-targeting agents (MTAs) are widely used for treatment of cancer and other diseases, and a detailed understanding of the mechanism of their action is important for the development of improved microtubule-directed therapies. Although there is a large body of data on the interactions of different MTAs with pu...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1300395110
更新日期:2013-05-28 00:00:00
abstract::The biosynthesis of fibronectin during the in vivo development of matrix-induced endochondral bone was investigated by using [35S]methionine in rats. The dmineralized bone matrix that was implanted subcutaneously to induce local bone formation bound circulating fibronectin. This may be an important initial requirement...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.77.4.2074
更新日期:1980-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Phytochrome is the photoreceptor that controls red light-mediated morphogenesis in higher plants. It exists in two photointerconvertible forms, a red light-absorbing form, Pr, and a far-red light-absorbing form, Pfr. Because photoconversion of Pr to Pfr by a brief light pulse decreases the in vivo half-life of this ch...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.84.2.359
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We model experience-dependent plasticity in the cortical representation of whiskers (the barrel cortex) in normal adult rats, and in adult rats that were prenatally exposed to alcohol. Prenatal exposure to alcohol (PAE) caused marked deficits in experience-dependent plasticity in a cortical barrel-column. Cortical pla...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.051346398
更新日期:2001-02-27 00:00:00
abstract::Tumor-associated myeloid cells (TAMCs) are key drivers of immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment, which profoundly impedes the clinical response to immune-dependent and conventional therapeutic modalities. As a hallmark of glioblastoma (GBM), TAMCs are massively recruited to reach up to 50% of the brain tumor...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1906346116
更新日期:2019-11-19 00:00:00
abstract::Phytochrome A (phyA) is the only plant photoreceptor that perceives far-red light and then mediates various responses to this signal. Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of oat phyA have been extensively studied, and it was shown that phosphorylation of a serine residue in the hinge region of oat phyA could regulate...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1813162115
更新日期:2018-12-11 00:00:00
abstract::Achieving long-term pancellular expression of a transferred gene at therapeutic level in a given hematopoietic lineage remains an important goal of gene therapy. Advances have recently been made in the genetic correction of the hemoglobinopathies by means of lentiviral vectors and large locus control region (LCR) deri...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.212507099
更新日期:2002-10-29 00:00:00
abstract::The structure of the non-self-complementary DNA heptamer d(CGACGAC) at low pH has been determined by the quantitative NMR refinement procedure designated SPEDREF (SPEctral-Driven REFinement). Acid-base titration of the molecule indicated a prominent n = 2 pKa near 6.8. In the pH range up to 6.0, the heptamer forms a r...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.90.11.5224
更新日期:1993-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nuclease resistance and RNA affinity are key criteria in the search for optimal antisense nucleic acid modifications, but the origins of the various levels of resistance to nuclease degradation conferred by chemical modification of DNA and RNA are currently not understood. The 2'-O-aminopropyl (AP)-RNA modification di...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.96.25.14240
更新日期:1999-12-07 00:00:00
abstract::The betaalpha barrel is the common protein fold of numerous enzymes and was proposed recently to be the result of gene duplication and fusion of an ancient half-barrel. The initial enzyme of shikimate biosynthesis possesses the additional feature of feedback regulation. The crystal structure and kinetic studies on chi...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0337566100
更新日期:2003-02-04 00:00:00