Abstract：
:Cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB) is an amphoteric surfactant commonly used in personal care products and surface cleaners. Patch testing with commercially-available CAPB has yielded occasional reactions indicative of allergic contact dermatitis. To determine if subjects with previous positive patch tests would react in provocative use tests of products containing CAPB, and to study various contaminants in commercial CAPB supplies for allergenicity in these subjects, 10 subjects previously positive to CAPB on patch testing used a hair shampoo, hand soap, and body wash containing CAPB for 1-6 weeks or until a reaction developed. Later, they were patch tested to 2 different purity grades of CAPB and 3 possible manufacturing contaminants (dimethylaminopropylamine, amidoamine, and sodium monochloroacetate). 7 of the 10 subjects developed dermatitis from 1 or more CAPB-containing products at some point during the study. 9 of the 10 use-test subjects were then patch tested, and 6 of these subjects showed a reaction to amidoamine (0.1% aq.). None reacted to dimethylaminopropylamine (0.1% pet.). 1 subject reacted to CAPB but not to amidoamine. In the follow-up patch testing with CAPB that was free of amidoamine, there were no positive reactions. Most subjects who were patch-test-positive showed a reaction when using CAPB-containing skin and hair care products. The chemical amidoamine, which is used in the synthesis of CAPB and which is a known contaminant of CAPB preparations, is likely to be the actual sensitizer in most cases rather than CAPB itself. The results do not rule out the possibility that CAPB itself may be an allergen in rare cases.
journal_name
Contact Dermatitisjournal_title
Contact dermatitisauthors
Fowler JF,Fowler LM,Hunter JEdoi
10.1111/j.1600-0536.1997.tb02464.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1997-12-01 00:00:00pages
276-81issue
6eissn
0105-1873issn
1600-0536journal_volume
37pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Commercial dental restorative materials were analysed in order to obtain information about the occurrence of sensitizing acrylates. Acetone-soluble methacrylates of 7 bonding materials, 8 composite resins and 2 glass ionomers were identified by gas chromatography with mass-selective detection and quantified by liquid ...
journal_title：Contact dermatitis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.0105-1873.2004.00336.x
更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Foot eczema often occurs in combination with hand eczema. However, in contrast to the situation with hand eczema, knowledge about foot eczema is scarce, especially in occupational settings. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the prevalence of foot eczema and associated factors in patients with hand eczema taking part in...
journal_title：Contact dermatitis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/cod.12370
更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Patch-test technique for budesonide needs improvement. 20 subjects with positive or questionable patch-test responses to budesonide were retested for 3 to 96 h (4 days [D]) with polyester patches coated with budesonide in serial doses (150 to 0.074 microg/cm2). Multiple readings were taken visually and with a laser Do...
journal_title：Contact dermatitis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0536.1999.tb06132.x
更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Among patients consecutively patch tested at St John's from 1984-1989, the prevalence rate of formaldehyde sensitivity was 2.2% for men and 3.7% for women. During these 6 years, 117 women were primarily sensitized by formaldehyde, of whom 61 (52%) had hand eczema. Exposure was occupational in 12% and domestic in 88%. ...
journal_title：Contact dermatitis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0536.1991.tb01874.x
更新日期：1991-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Most studies investigating chromium allergy have been performed with Cr(VI). However, real exposure to chromium from leather products includes both Cr(III) and Cr(VI). We have determined and compared the minimum elicitation threshold (MET) concentration for Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in Cr(VI)-sensitive patients. In addition,...
journal_title：Contact dermatitis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.0105-1873.2003.0230.x
更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It has been known since the 1940s that nail polishes contain allergenic ingredients. The aim of this study was to clarify whether the nail polishes on the market today contain significant amounts of allergens, and what the solvents are. The following ingredients were determined: toluene, toluene sulfonamide formaldehy...
journal_title：Contact dermatitis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0536.1997.tb00189.x
更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Although citation analysis represents an increasingly common method for examining the performance of scientific journals, few longitudinal studies have been conducted in the specialist fields of dermatology. OBJECTIVES:The objective of this study was to provide the first comprehensive bibliometric analysis ...
journal_title：Contact dermatitis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0536.2009.01609.x
更新日期：2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Several factors may be responsible for stomatitis in general and the burning mouth syndrome in particular. The results of patch testing are reported in 4 patients with burning mouth symptoms thought to be due to sensitization to denture material. 2 patients reacted to substances in Luxene dentures, but the allergens w...
journal_title：Contact dermatitis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0536.1988.tb02748.x
更新日期：1988-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Patch testing with various metal salts was performed in patients with oral mucosal lesions associated with amalgam restorations, by using polypropylene-coated aluminium discs. Positive reactions to mercuric chloride were obtained in 5/12 (42%) of these patients, but only in 1/11 patients (9%) with oral mucosal lesions...
journal_title：Contact dermatitis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0536.1992.tb05245.x
更新日期：1992-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Late reactions to iodinated contrast media are frequent. Cutaneous manifestations are the commonest, in which maculopapular exanthema, a type of cutaneous presentation, is widespread. Controversy exists about the utility of the skin test in the management of these reactions. The aim of this study is to analyse the cli...
journal_title：Contact dermatitis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0536.2006.00957.x
更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In order to explain the complaints of dry skin after work among employees in the fish processing industry, we followed the skin blood flow (SBF), skin surface temperature, transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and electrical capacitance on the volar aspect of the 3rd finger in 10 fillet workers, where measurements were per...
journal_title：Contact dermatitis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0536.1991.tb01767.x
更新日期：1991-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Water is a skin irritant which deserves attention because of its ubiquity. During the Vietnam war, soldiers suffered from painful swollen feet, so-called tropical immersion foot. In occupational dermatology, the importance of water as a skin irritant is especially appreciated. The irritancy of water has been demonstra...
journal_title：Contact dermatitis
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0536.1999.tb06990.x
更新日期：1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The authors followed the frequency of fragrance contact sensitization in Hungary in a multicentre study in the years 1998 and 1999. A total of 3,604 patients were tested with fragrance mix (FM), and positive reactions were observed in 294 (8.2%). In 160 FM hypersensitive patients, the study was continued with patch te...
journal_title：Contact dermatitis
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1034/j.1600-0536.2002.460602.x
更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of the present study was to compare the frequency of lanolin allergy during two periods and to assess the adequacy of testing with one standard allergen. Among 1230 consecutive patients with eczema who were standard patch tested, 33 (2.7%), 21 females and 12 males, gave a positive reaction to wool alcohols...
journal_title：Contact dermatitis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0536.1979.tb04824.x
更新日期：1979-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Data suggests that protection from gloves is paradoxically reduced because of effects of occlusion on the skin. The aim of this study was to characterize these effects on physical and functional properties of stratum corneum. Volunteer trials were conducted using patches of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) glove material on t...
journal_title：Contact dermatitis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0536.1995.tb00542.x
更新日期：1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We showed earlier that most patients with contact dermatitis due to corticosteroids show cross-reactions when patch tested with hydrocortisone-17-butyrate (H-17-B). To test whether H-17-B could be used for detecting topical corticosteroid allergy, we screened patients undergoing routine patch testing with H-17-B. Pati...
journal_title：Contact dermatitis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0536.1989.tb04729.x
更新日期：1989-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Among 1511 consecutive patients patch tested with Kathon CG at 100 ppm active ingredient, 13 (0.8%) gave a positive reaction. Use test with a lotion containing Kathon CG (8.6 ppm) revealed no reaction in 11 patients with a positive patch test. It is concluded that a positive patch test reaction to 100 ppm does not ini...
journal_title：Contact dermatitis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0536.1986.tb01195.x
更新日期：1986-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:3 minor resin acids and 7 commercial modified-colophony products of different origins were studied by experimental sensitization by means of a modified FCA method. All 3 resin acids were almost negative. The commercial products gave different results. While the maleic-modified product of Greek origin showed a strong s...
journal_title：Contact dermatitis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0536.1990.tb03229.x
更新日期：1990-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Chromium (Cr) is a common skin sensitizer. The use of Cr(VI) in leather is restricted in the EU, but that of Cr(III) is not. OBJECTIVES:To assess whether prolonged exposure to Cr-tanned leather with mainly Cr(III) release may elicit allergic contact dermatitis in Cr-allergic individuals. METHOD:Ten Cr-alle...
journal_title：Contact dermatitis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/cod.12946
更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A 50-year-old woman developed anaphylaxis 8 h after application of a paraformaldehyde-containing root canal disinfectant. Radioallergosorbent test showed that she had a high level of formaldehyde-specific IgE in her serum. Prick tests to formaldehyde and paraformaldehyde showed immediate-type responses to both. We rev...
journal_title：Contact dermatitis
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1034/j.1600-0536.2002.470405.x
更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Erythema caused by occlusion of 3 concentrations of surfactant was quantified in vivo using a modified spectrophotometer. Standard chamber irritation test sites were evaluated objectively using the spectrophotometer and subjectively by trained observers. There was a good relationship between the instrumental and visua...
journal_title：Contact dermatitis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0536.1988.tb02893.x
更新日期：1988-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Generalized dermatitis due to trichloroethylene is rare. A 21-year-old printer developed exfoliative dermatitis with mucous membrane involvement, fever and liver dysfunction after a 2-week occupational exposure to trichloroethylene. Positive patch-test reactions to trichloroethylene and to one of its metabolites, tric...
journal_title：Contact dermatitis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0536.1988.tb02867.x
更新日期：1988-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We studied 39 patients with erythema-dyschromicum-perstans-like dermatitis seen at Changuinola Hospital in Panama. They were compared with 41 controls. The 2 groups were native field workers of the banana plantations exposed to many pesticides. In 34 patients, there was a positive patch test reaction to 2,4,5,6-1,3-te...
journal_title：Contact dermatitis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02360.x
更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This report reviews individual-related variables, environment-related variables and instrument-related variables, with a focus on the Evaporimeter EP1 (ServoMed). Start-up and use is described, and guidelines for good laboratory practice given. ...
journal_title：Contact dermatitis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0536.1990.tb01553.x
更新日期：1990-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Benzoyl peroxide patch testing was performed on 60 young adults who had participated in a double-blind acne study. 25% of those who had used a benzoyl peroxide product showed reactivity of +1 or greater (on a 0--3 scale). None of these individuals demonstrated symptoms suggestive of irritancy or allergy greater than t...
journal_title：Contact dermatitis
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0536.1982.tb04238.x
更新日期：1982-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A chemical operator handling dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (DMAD) developed delayed and pain-free burns on one of his feet 2 days after a supposed spillage of DMAD. The injuries were confirmed to be associated with DMAD by chemical analysis of the operator's safety boot and patch tests. DMAD easily penetrates some p...
journal_title：Contact dermatitis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0536.1984.tb00166.x
更新日期：1984-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The epidermal response to 2 different irritants, nonanoic acid (NAA) and sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), was investigated with 2 different methods. NAA 80% and SLS 4% were applied under occlusion for up to 24 h. Elemental changes were determined in cryosections by x-ray microanalysis. Compared to unexposed skin a signifi...
journal_title：Contact dermatitis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02416.x
更新日期：1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The quantitative risk assessment (QRA) paradigm has been extended to evaluating the risk of induction of allergic contact dermatitis from consumer products. Sensitization QRA compares product-related, topical exposures to a safe benchmark, the sensitization reference dose. The latter is based on an experimentally or c...
journal_title：Contact dermatitis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.0105-1873.2003.00192.x
更新日期：2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Occupational skin diseases (OSDs) often have considerable medical and occupational consequences. Previous data on prognostic factors have been derived from studies with fairly small sample sizes. OBJECTIVES:To determine the medical and occupational outcome in 1048 patients diagnosed with OSD at the Finnish ...
journal_title：Contact dermatitis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0536.2009.01611.x
更新日期：2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Contact allergy is frequent among persons with hand eczema and may be associated with a poor prognosis. OBJECTIVES:To identify allergens associated with the most severe initial clinical symptoms and the worst prognosis in a cohort of hand eczema patients followed for 6 months. METHODS:The study population ...
journal_title：Contact dermatitis
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0536.2009.01577.x
更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00
