Abstract：
:A new three barrier, four compartment model for sodium transport in high resistance urinary epithelia is presented. This model provides a unified and simplified mechanistic explanation for sodium transport and its quantitative regulation. Sodium enters the epithelial cell by passive diffusion. Active extrusion occurs across the lateral cell membrane into the lateral intercellular space (LICS). Sodium movement from the LICS into the serosal compartment is not free and unobstructed as in the models for low resistance epithelia, but rather occurs through a regulatory channel of the LICS passing through desmosomes and the basilar slit. The exact configuration of this regulatory channel controls the rate of sodium movement from the LICS into the serosal compartment. Thus, the configuration of the regulatory channel controls the afterload on the sodium pump and thus ultimately controls the rate of transepithelial sodium transport. Antidiuretic hormone could act by increasing the effective width of this regulatory channel by contraction of intracellular microtubules or microfilaments. Present theories for regulation of transepithelial sodium transport in high resistance epithelia invoke a regulatory barrier at the apical cell membrane or at the active sodium pump located in the basolateral cell membrane. The hypothetical model presented here invokes a new alternative: regulation of the active pump rate by the sodium concentration in the LICS serving as an afterload on the pump; sodium escape from the LICS into the serosal compartment thus becomes the regulatory step for transepithelial transport.
journal_name
Med Hypothesesjournal_title
Medical hypothesesauthors
Ziegler TWdoi
10.1016/0306-9877(76)90050-5subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1976-05-01 00:00:00pages
85-96issue
3eissn
0306-9877issn
1532-2777pii
0306-9877(76)90050-5journal_volume
2pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:N-acetylaspartate (NAA) is an intermediary metabolite that is found in relatively high concentrations in the human brain. More specifically, NAA is so concentrated in the neurons that it generates one of the most visible peaks in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, thus allowing NAA to serve as "a neuronal marke...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2006.02.047
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pro PSA, the precursor of PSA, is an inactive 244-amino acid protein secreted by prostatic cells. Pro PSA, a distinct molecular form of free PSA in serum, includes native as well as several truncated forms. Clinical studies have recently provided evidence that pro PSA is associated with prostate cancer (PCa). The trun...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2004.06.006
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Following allegations that Hepatitis B vaccination causes or triggers multiple sclerosis (MS), several epidemiological studies have been conducted to evaluate the association between MS and vaccination. In one study conducted in the US, a significant protective effect on the development of MS was observed for tetanus ...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2005.05.009
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Almost all solid tumors consist of aneuploid cells with highly abnormal chromosome numbers. Such cancer cells could very well originate from chromosome missegregation which is a disturbingly common phenomenon, happening in 0.01 to 4 percent of cell divisions. Missegregated cells are aneuploid, typically lacking a chro...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2018.08.028
更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In a recent issue of Medical Hypotheses, Dr H L Newbold repeats the assertion that the cause of James B Duke's death in 1925 was pernicious anemia. Dr Newbold postulates that Mr Duke was neurologically impaired as a result of vitamin B-12 deficiency and that he suffered from depression. In an attempt to relieve this d...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 传,历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-9877(91)90130-q
更新日期：1991-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The mitogenic action of the estrogen-receptor complex is supposedly similar in both normal and malignant target tissues. As receptors are present in several types of non-target tissues, in the case of lesions at the nuclear acceptor sites, the complex in those might be able to cause successive mitoses. Estrogen-depend...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-9877(79)90044-6
更新日期：1979-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-9877(87)90214-3
更新日期：1987-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2004.03.007
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2006.08.024
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The etiology of intra-abdominal adhesions is explained by hydrolysis of the peritoneal phospholipid layer caused by phospholipase A2 activity. This view could unify the pre-existing hypotheses that intra-abdominal adhesions are due to ischemia or increased plasminogen activator activity. New therapeutic approaches are...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-9877(93)90109-4
更新日期：1993-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2017.03.010
更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The assumption is introduced that there are two types of adaptive responses in central neurons in response to significantly changed circuit activity. Morphological synaptic modifications and synapse turnover are thought to be involved in both of these responses, in such a way that in the first case they are to restore...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-9877(91)90077-c
更新日期：1991-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) or biventricular pacing (BIVP) has become a common procedure for the treatment of ventricular dyssynchrony in patients with heart failure, particularly in those with bundle branch block patterns (QRS durations >150ms) on the electrocardiogram (ECG). However, a large ...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2017.09.026
更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In normal and hypertensive subjects, many stimuli which increase ACTH secretion also increase blood pressure and conversely, many drugs which decrease ACTH secretion also decrease blood pressure. We postulate that the hypothalamopituitary adrenal axis plays a role in blood pressure regulation in normal and hypertensiv...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-9877(87)90014-4
更新日期：1987-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The mechanism by which polyglutamine expansions in several proteins lead to neurodegenerative disorders remains largely unknown. The biochemical properties of polyglutamine repeats suggest one possible explanation; endolytic cleavage at a glutaminyl-glutaminyl bond followed by pyroglutamate formation may contribute to...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1054/mehy.1999.0866
更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A hypothesis which explains disease prevalence among different socio-economic groups following early infantile modulation of cell-mediated immunity by infection and nutrition related stress is presented. Wealthy populations living under highly hygienic circumstances can develop their cell-mediated immunity to genetic ...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-9877(75)90002-x
更新日期：1975-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There are differences in male and female height throughout the growth period. Utilising reference standard height charts we calculated the difference in male and female height as a function of age. A triphasic relationship was observed with statistically significant peaks (males greater than females) at 8 months and 1...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-9877(87)90122-8
更新日期：1984-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2017.11.010
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Boron is increasingly added to food supplements due to multiple effects that have been reported in mammals after boric acid administration. Among these effects are inflammatory process control, bone and muscle strength enhancement, protein expression regulation, and a decreased risk of developing some pathologies in w...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2018.06.024
更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lysosomes, lysosomal enzymes and oxidant processes are known to be involved in cancer processes. The prostasomes contain proteins and enzymes that would constitute pathways for the hydrolysis of proteins and peptides. However, integrated biochemical and cell biology studies are necessary to understand how lysosomal en...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2004.11.039
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109872
更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2013.05.031
更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0306-9877(03)00125-7
更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2006.07.037
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In UK educational circles it has long been regarded as a platitude that a good scientific education at school and undergraduate level should aim to teach critical thinking and encourage students to challenge mainstream science, debate scientific issues and express their personal opinions. However, I believe that this ...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 社论
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2009.07.050
更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Interferon-alpha (IFN) is widely used in the treatment of certain cancers and viral infections, including hepatitis C (HCV). Unfortunately, depression is a common side effect of IFN therapy, affecting approximately a third of HCV patients receiving IFN therapy. Studies have shown that selective serotonin reuptake inhi...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2005.01.026
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) therapy has emerged as a potent therapeutic strategy to improve myocardial infarction. However MSCs therapy encounters a few obstacles regarding the poor viability of the transplanted cells. Therefore, it is important to explore a strategy to enhance post-transplanted MSC viability. To ov...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2011.12.021
更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Abnormal fluctuations of acetylcholine and serotonin might cause, or be correlated with, a variety of symptoms. This communication cites evidence which suggests that fluctuations of serotonin might have a causative role in migraine, mania, and depression and that fluctuations of acetylcholine might have a causative ro...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-9877(93)90011-e
更新日期：1993-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The paper proposes a mechanism for regulating nucleo-cytoplasmic exchanges of macromolecules via NPC in vertebrates. Bending of NE toward the transport vector significantly contributes to the dynamics. ...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1054/mehy.1998.0813
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pulseless electrical activity occurs when organised or semi-organised electrical activity of the heart persists but the product of systemic vascular resistance and the increase in systemic arterial flow generated by the ejection of the left venticular stroke volume is not sufficient to produce a clinically detectable ...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2012.06.018
更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00
