Abstract：
:Identification of reinforcers for individuals with developmental disabilities is often based on the outcome of preference assessments in which participants make selections from among a variety of items. We determined the extent to which individuals might show a general preference for food items over leisure items during such assessments and whether leisure items that are "displaced" by food items might nevertheless function as reinforcers. Arrays consisting of food items only and then nonfood items only were presented separately to 14 participants and then were ranked to determined preference. The top selections from these initial assessments were subsequently combined in a third assessment, and preferences were again established. All but 2 participants showed a general preference for food items, such that selection of nonfood items in the combined arrays was displaced downward relative to selection of nonfood in the nonfood-only arrays. Two of the participants were exposed to a condition in which a nonfood item was delivered contingent on the occurrence of an adaptive response, and increased rates of responding by both individuals were observed. Results are discussed in terms of limitations posed by using only food items as reinforcers and the resulting need to take precautionary measures when attempting to identify nonfood reinforcers.
journal_name
J Appl Behav Analjournal_title
Journal of applied behavior analysisauthors
DeLeon IG,Iwata BA,Roscoe EMdoi
10.1901/jaba.1997.30-475subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1997-10-01 00:00:00pages
475-84issue
3eissn
0021-8855issn
1938-3703journal_volume
30pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Elopement is a dangerous behavior because children who run away may encounter life-threatening situations (e.g., traffic). We conducted functional analyses of the elopement of 3 children who had been diagnosed with developmental disabilities. The results identified a maintaining reinforcer for the elopement of 1 child...
journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1901/jaba.1997.30-653
更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We examined the accuracy of 24 staff members' predictions of activities preferred by 14 individuals with severe disabilities. For each of 144 activities, staff members assigned a client preference rating of "likes a lot," "likes," or "dislikes." Two activities from each category were randomly selected for each individ...
journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1901/jaba.1993.26-239
更新日期：1993-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We examined the effects of delayed reinforcement on the responding of individuals with intellectual disabilities. Three conditions were evaluated: (a) food reinforcement, (b) token reinforcement with a postsession exchange opportunity, and (c) token reinforcement with a posttrial exchange opportunity. Within each cond...
journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jaba.311
更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Two young boys with autism who used the picture exchange communication system were taught to solve problems (improvise) by using descriptors (functions, colors, and shapes) to request desired items for which specific pictures were unavailable. The results of a multiple baseline across descriptors showed that training ...
journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1901/jaba.2006.131-04
更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The uncooperative behavior of grade-school children during dental treatment was examined. Forty children enrolled in a government dental program were observed during treatment conditions involving instructions concerning the appropriate behavior required by the dental practitioner, description of the objective procedu...
journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1901/jaba.1980.13-41
更新日期：1980-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We conducted two experiments examining the effects of a self-evaluation package on the peer interactions of students described as emotionally or behaviorally disordered. Experiment 1 assessed the additive effects of various components of a self-evaluation package on the frequency of inappropriate and appropriate peer ...
journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1901/jaba.1995.28-47
更新日期：1995-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This research was conducted to determine the effects of a study skill training procedure on oral retelling of printed expository material read by three intermediate-grade learning disabled students. Measures of story retelling, study characteristics, and answers to comprehension questions were obtained during each ses...
journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1901/jaba.1985.18-263
更新日期：1985-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A single-subject ABA reversal design was applied to evaluate the effectiveness of a limited 8-s safety belt reminder system and two modified reminder systems (a delayed and second reminder) to increase the safety belt use of 13 drivers. The research was conducted with a specially equipped research vehicle that permitt...
journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1901/jaba.1991.24-13
更新日期：1991-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA) has a long history as a behavioral treatment. The term has usually been defined in a manner that suggests one form of behavior (usually some appropriate alternative) is reinforced, while another form of behavior (usually problem behavior) is placed on extinction...
journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jaba.701
更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study provided six behaviorally handicapped elementary school students with a short-term resource treatment to bring their behavior under the control of a combination of treatment procedures emphasizing self-evaluation. Once acceptable levels of appropriate behavior were maintained with only minimal external rein...
journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1901/jaba.1983.16-171
更新日期：1983-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study evaluated the effects of instructive feedback embedded within a group discrete trial teaching to teach tact relations to nine children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder using a nonconcurrent multiple-baseline design. Dependent variables included correct responses for: primary targets (directly ...
journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jaba.375
更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We used a sequential approach to evaluate the relative and combined effects of different types of behavioral treatments, as well as dosage of methylphenidate (MPH), on the disruptive behavior of 3 students who had been diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Results showed that individualized behavior...
journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1901/jaba.2003.36-375
更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Parental involvement in intervention can support intervention efficacy, improve generalization, and increase accessibility. The Preschool Life Skills (PLS) program is designed to teach 13 preschool life skills and prevent problem behavior. The current study explores the utility of the PLS program as delivered by paren...
journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jaba.660
更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We examined the effectiveness of functional communication training (FCT) in reducing self-injurious behavior (SIB) and in shaping an alternative (communicative) response while SIB continued to be reinforced. Following a functional analysis of 3 individuals' SIB, we attempted to teach an alternative response consisting...
journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1901/jaba.1997.30-93
更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We evaluated the effects of multiple treatment procedures, including simultaneous presentation of preferred foods, on the packing behavior of a 9-year-old girl with autism. A reversal design was used to assess the effects of differential reinforcement with response cost alone and with simultaneous presentation. In add...
journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1901/jaba.2005.71-04
更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Transitions from one activity to another may evoke problem behavior from individuals with intellectual disabilities. One explanation for the occurrence of problem behavior could be the change in relative densities of reinforcement between the two activities. We conducted a descriptive assessment of problem behavior wi...
journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jaba.430
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The current study extends the literature on teaching mands for information by assessing whether mands generalize across different establishing operations (EOs). Three children with autism were taught to perform multiple behavior chains, 3 of which included a common response (e.g., "Where is the spoon?") used for diffe...
journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1901/jaba.2010.43-381
更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This discussion article considers applied behavior analysis measurement, assessment, and treatment of sleep and sleep-related problems among infants, children, and youth who are typically developing and have neurodevelopmental disabilities. Measurement has concentrated on designing practitioner-implemented methods and...
journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jaba.774
更新日期：2020-10-05 00:00:00
abstract：:This study examined the effectiveness of several behavioral techniques on compliance of college students taking vitamin C on q.i.d. regimen. Compliance was assessed by a new technique using a variation of the urine tracer procedure designed specifically for this study. Subjects were provided vitamin C tablets, with th...
journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1901/jaba.1978.11-1
更新日期：1978-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Despite its advantages, discrete-trial instruction (DTI) has been criticized for producing rote responding. Although there is little research supporting this claim, if true, this may be problematic given the propensity of children with autism to engage in restricted and repetitive behavior. One feature that is common ...
journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jaba.528
更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：UNLABELLED:We evaluated the effects of a response-effort intervention on the occurrence of self-injurious hand mouthing and a competing response (object manipulation) with 4 individuals who had profound developmental disabilities. During Phase 1, results of functional analyses showed that all participants engaged in hi...
journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1901/jaba.2000.33-29
更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The development of functional analysis (FA) methodologies allows the identification of the reinforcers that maintain problem behavior and improved intervention efficacy in the form of function-based treatments. Despite the profound impact of FA on clinical practice and research, questions still remain about the method...
journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jaba.13
更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The functional control of problem behavior is generally conceptualized as involving attention, escape, sensory reinforcement, and tangible factors. Our analytic tools have now reached a level of sophistication that makes possible consideration of several new, emerging themes in the area of functional analysis. First, ...
journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1901/jaba.1994.27-393
更新日期：1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Eighteen second-grade children initially received feedback in the form of nonredeemable tokens for reducing their disruptive classroom behavior. Four types of tutoring were then introduced in a Latin Square Design: noncontingent tutoring from fifth-grade peers, contingent peer tutoring, noncontingent college tutoring,...
journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1901/jaba.1976.9-169
更新日期：1976-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Children with developmental disabilities may engage in less frequent and more repetitious language than peers with typical development. Scripts have been used to increase communication by teaching one or more specific statements and then fading the scripts. In the current study, preschoolers with developmental disabil...
journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jaba.194
更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rumination is a serious problem demonstrated by some people with developmental disabilities, but previous research has not included a functional analysis and has rarely compared intervention methods during the assessment process. We conducted functional analyses with 2 children who displayed postmeal rumination and su...
journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1901/jaba.2007.743-747
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Problem behavior is common in early childhood special education classrooms. Functional communication training (FCT; Carr & Durand, 1985) may reduce problem behavior but requires identification of its function. The trial-based functional analysis (FA) is a method that can be used to identify problem behavior function i...
journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1901/jaba.2012.45-579
更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A target behavior program, structured within a token economy project, was implemented to modify the behavior of an institutionalized patient who exhibited excessive rates of crying and no smiling responses. To affect both responses concurrently, token costs were made contingent upon crying and token payments and/or so...
journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1901/jaba.1972.5-125
更新日期：1972-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Results of previous research have shown that individuals with intellectual disabilities usually prefer edible items over leisure items. Other research has shown that sensory (leisure) items facilitate response acquisition and maintenance better than edible items do for individuals with autism. The current studies exam...
journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jaba.200
更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Differential reinforcement and imitation were used with two retarded children to train three sequential verbal responses associated with the display of a picture and questions related to that picture. Each response consisted of a three-word chain in sentence form; combined with verbal responses from the experimenter, ...
journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1901/jaba.1974.7-137
更新日期：1974-04-01 00:00:00
