Abstract：
:Virulence factors are microbial products that are known to be harmful to the host and may assist in the pathogenesis of the micro-organism. Superantigens, including those produced by bacteria and viruses, clearly act as virulence factors. The clinical effects of superantigens can be not only acute but also chronic and complex. Recent evidence suggests that superantigens may play a central role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune and immunodeficiency disorders. It is our contention that superantigens, as environmental factors, can change a controllable disease into one that becomes relentless for susceptible individuals. To illustrate the detrimental effects of superantigens on disease outcome, modulation of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis by superantigen, as well as the potential role of superantigens in human immunodeficiency virus pathogenesis will be discussed. The information presented may provide valuable insight into the role of superantigens in autoimmunity and human immunodeficiency virus infection.
journal_name
Med Hypothesesjournal_title
Medical hypothesesauthors
Soos JM,Schiffenbauer J,Torres BA,Johnson HMdoi
10.1016/s0306-9877(97)90315-7subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1997-03-01 00:00:00pages
253-9issue
3eissn
0306-9877issn
1532-2777pii
S0306-9877(97)90315-7journal_volume
48pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:I hypothesize that the intermediates of the kynurenine (Kyn) pathway (KP) of tryptophan (Trp) degradation kynurenic acid (KA) and quinolinic acid (QA) play opposite roles in inflammatory diseases, with KA being antiinflammatory and QA being immunosuppressant. Darlington et al. have demonstrated a decrease in the ratio...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2018.06.021
更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The internal thoracic arteries (ITAs) are a source of "noncoronary collateral circulation" (NCCC), or "noncoronary collateral blood flow" (NCCBF). The hypothesis herein is that enhancement of NCCC may represent an alternative means of myocardial blood supply: (1) Ligature of the ITAs creates a local hypertensive statu...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2009.08.027
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Concerning the damage to back muscles and posterior ligament complex (PLC) by posterior open approach for lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS), the oblique lateral intervertebral fusion (OLIF) is pretty popular nowadays. However, oblique lateral approach has obvious drawbacks, which are limited vision and operative scope for ...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110007
更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There are different theories and hypotheses related to the aetiology of depression. The interaction between brain 5-HT level and the activity of its autoreceptors plays a role in mood changes and depression. In major depression, activation of the inflammatory response system (IRS) and, increased concentrations of proi...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0306-9877(03)00207-x
更新日期：2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is defined as a multifocal, monophasic, demyelinating, and inflammatory disease involving the central nervous system. It typically begins within 6 weeks of an antigenic challenge such as infection or immunization. Perivenous inflammation, edema and demyelination are the path...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2006.10.061
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The treatment and prevention of migraine within the last decade has become largely pharmacological. While there is little doubt that the advent of drugs (e.g. triptans) has helped many migraine sufferers to lead a normal life, there is still little knowledge with respect to the factors responsible for precipitating a ...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2016.10.029
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A steady fall in mortality rates from cardiovascular diseases (CVD) has been reported recently in the United States. This study tests the hypothesis that fruits and vegetables had a protective effect against cardiovascular mortality among the American population from 1964-78. Special attention was focused on more spec...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-9877(85)90035-0
更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Vasogenic brain edema occurs as a result of a diverse spectrum of central nervous system pathology. The fundamental physiologic abnormality of vasogenic brain edema is an increase in cerebral capillary permeability. It is hypothesized that the recent development of new, potent, synthetic vasopressin antagonists will m...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-9877(88)90112-0
更新日期：1988-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We suggest that polymyalgia rheumatica with giant cell arteritis (PR-GCA) is an arachidonic acid metabolites mediated disease which can be diagnosed more accurately and monitored more precisely for therapeutic benefits by the serial determinations of the major urinary prostaglandin F, serum urinary lysozymes, serum ac...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-9877(81)90059-1
更新日期：1981-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mouth to mouth sexual kissing is seen in more than 90% of human cultures. Various theories have been put forward to account for this but none offer a full explanation within an evolutionary framework. As mouth to mouth sexual kissing exposes each participant to the diseases of the other, it must confer significant ben...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2009.09.033
更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Periodontal disease is a chronic multifactorial infectious and inflammatory disease associated with several chronic systemic diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hypertension, Alzheimer's disease and so on. These same systemic diseases have been associated w...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110276
更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although many risk factors influence atherogenesis, LDL appears to play a primary role in this process. In prospective epidemiology, coronary risk increases as LDL cholesterol increases, throughout the entire range of concentrations encountered in healthy humans. Coronary risk is minimal in individuals and populations...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2003.12.051
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：UNLABELLED:One plausible explanation for the controversy that surrounds the causes and clinical management of obesity is the notion that overeating and obesity may only be a couple of "symptoms" associated with a yet to be discovered medical disorder. OBJECTIVES:To introduce the Salted Food Addition Hypothesis. This t...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2009.06.049
更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Following allegations that Hepatitis B vaccination causes or triggers multiple sclerosis (MS), several epidemiological studies have been conducted to evaluate the association between MS and vaccination. In one study conducted in the US, a significant protective effect on the development of MS was observed for tetanus ...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2005.05.009
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fibromyalgia (FM) is a debilitating, widespread pain disorder that is assumed to originate from inappropriate pain processing in the central nervous system. Psychological and behavioral factors are both believed to underlie the pathogenesis and complicate the treatment. This hypothesis, however, has not yet been suffi...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2017.12.006
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ischaemic stroke ranks among the most important causes of death and disability in developed countries. Abnormal lipid metabolism is among the several factors that have a role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. We hypothesize that the decreased resistance of low-density lipoproteins against oxidative stress is an ...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1054/mehy.2000.1252
更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Shear wave sonoelastography is a valuable additional technique in differentiation between benign and malignant breast lesions. In this paper, a hypothesis of the potential role of this additional ultrasound technique as a very useful tool in differentiation of a medullary breast cancer subtype is proposed. Medullary b...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110021
更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Endometriosis is a common gynaecological disorder causing pain, infertility, and emotional distress. Evidence presented here suggests that abnormal production of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is required for the establishment and maintenance of endometriosis and also is responsible for the associated infert...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0306-9877(02)00336-5
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Left ventricular thrombus (LVT) after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains to be a common complication bearing adverse prognostic implication. Majority of LVT occurs within the first week after AMI. Over decades, the regional stasis of blood flow is regarded as the main reason for LVT formation. Here we hypothesi...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109938
更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Clinical studies have shown that moderately intense physical activity effectively treats various types of depression. Beneficial effects have been reported in the acute phase of the disease as well as in a long-term perspective. In addition, epidemiological studies have shown that inactivity increases the risk of depr...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2012.10.007
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recurrent aphthous ulcer (RAU) is the most common ulcer of oral non-keratinized mucosa, but the treatment is always limited at present. Considering the multifactorial etiology of RAU, a novel therapeutic agent with multi-bioactivties should be presented. Garlic has been recognized as a favorable natural medicine again...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2008.07.028
更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE-2) receptors with approx. 0.8% congestion in conjunctival surface, leads to increase susceptibility of Covid-19 transmission through ocular surface. It has been observed that prophylactic measures such as goggle or face shield are unable to offer complete protection against ocul...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110288
更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In Burkitt's lymphoma, dental structures may provide the route for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in saliva to penetrate the jaws, thereby promoting tumor formation. In children, EBV could enter tooth sockets exposed following deciduous tooth loss and thereby contact jaw marrow lymphocytes stimulating neoplastic transformat...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-9877(83)90105-6
更新日期：1983-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the coronavirus outbreak a pandemic. Since December 2019, the world has experienced an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Epidemiology, risk factors, and clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 have been reported but the factors affecti...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109762
更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Organogenesis is the result of cell allocation followed by cell differentiation, and the processes involved are still to be elucidated. Present-day teaching suggests that the cytoplasmic membrane, the extracellular matrix and the cytoskeleton, in combination, are responsible, but the literature also suggests that othe...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0306-9877(96)90249-2
更新日期：1996-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Low carbohydrate high fat (LCHF) diets are emerging in popularity. Several athletics have adopted LCHF diets in an attempt to improve exercise performance and body composition by enhancing fat utilization. However, these diets impair maximal and supramaximal exercise performance due to limited glycogen stores as well ...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110369
更新日期：2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In early synovitides the tissue inflammatory cell reaction is often weak and sometimes absent, many alterations being consistent with nonvasculitic exudation (I). Increased permeability to protein may require little, if any, endothelial damage. In rheumatoid arthritis (RA) increased transfer of fluid and protein from ...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-9877(82)90063-9
更新日期：1982-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Class II malocclusion is one of the most common orthodontic problems. The main aetiology of Class II malocclusion is mandibular retrognathia. A variety of functional appliances have been used to stimulate mandibular growth in adolescence, however, the effects remain unsatisfactory. Therefore, new approaches are in nee...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mehy.2008.08.029
更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The presence of the tumour induces important metabolic changes in the cancer patient which are not merely due to the fact that the tumour acts as a parasite, thus depleting the host of nutrients, but that are mainly the result of both tumoral and humoral mediators. The new metabolic status of the cancer patient may le...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0306-9877(98)90037-8
更新日期：1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The polyol pathway consists of two enzymes aldose reductase (AR) and sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH); the former is the first enzyme in the polyol pathway, that catalyzes the reduction of glucose to sorbitol, the latter is the second one, that converts sorbitol to fructose using by NAD(+) as a cofactor. We along with oth...
journal_title：Medical hypotheses
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0306-9877(03)00013-6
更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00
