Abstract:
:In this study the muscarinic receptor antagonist atropine and the cholecystokinin (CCK)-A receptor antagonist loxiglumide were used to investigate the relative importance of cholinergic and CCK-mediated regulation of intestinal phase antro-pyloro-duodenal motility. Plasma levels of gastrointestinal hormones [pancreatic polypeptide (PP), gastrin, CCK] were concomitantly determined to estimate biological potency of the doses of the receptor antagonists. In eight healthy male volunteers, a 30-min basal interdigestive period was followed by duodenal perfusion of a mixed liquid meal for 150 min at 1.6 kcal min-1 against a background of saline or atropine (5 micrograms kg-1 h-1) or loxiglumide (10 mg kg-1 h-1). Antropyloro-duodenal motility was continuously monitored with a sleeve straddling the pylorus. Against a background of saline, duodenal nutrients persistently stimulated isolated pyloric pressure waves. After 60 min, the initially low antral and duodenal contraction rates increased. In the fed state, atropine reduced total number of antral contractions and integrated motility index by 73% (P < 0.01) and 76% (P < 0.005), total number of pyloric contractions and integrated motility index by 43% and 50% (P < 0.05) with inhibition increasing over time. It did not alter duodenal contraction frequency but diminished duodenal motility index by 39% (P < 0.05) owing to a reduction in amplitude and duration of contractions. Loxiglumide decreased total numbers of antral, pyloric and duodenal contractions by 44% (P < 0.05), 74% (P < 0.005) and 41% (P < 0.005) respectively. It reduced cumulative antral, pyloric and duodenal motility indexes by 60% (P < 0.01), 80% (P < 0.01) and 61% (P < 0.05) respectively. Atropine fully abolished PP release to duodenal nutrients whereas loxiglumide reduced it by 60% (P < 0.05). Both atropine and loxiglumide enhanced gastrin release whereas only loxiglumide markedly stimulated CCK release. We conclude that both cholinergic input and endogenous CCK are major stimulatory regulators of antro-pyloroduodenal motility in the intestinal phase. There appears to be a regional heterogeneity of cholinergic and CCK control. Cholinergic input predominates in the antrum. Both systems are equipotent at the pylorus. CCK predominates in the duodenum. We suggest that CCK primarily interacts with receptors on cholinergic neurons in the antropyloric region and primarily affects smooth muscle receptors in the duodenum.
journal_name
Eur J Clin Investjournal_title
European journal of clinical investigationauthors
Katschinski M,Schirra J,Begliner C,Langbein S,Wank U,D'Amato M,Arnold Rdoi
10.1046/j.1365-2362.1996.1790522.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1996-07-01 00:00:00pages
574-83issue
7eissn
0014-2972issn
1365-2362journal_volume
26pub_type
临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验abstract::Endothelin-1 is a recently described endothelium-derived vasoconstricting peptide. Plasma concentrations of immunoreactive (IR-) endothelin were investigated in six healthy young men applying a radioimmunoassay after extraction of endothelin from plasma. In venous plasma a mean concentration of 1.3 +/- 0.4 pmol l-1 wa...
journal_title:European journal of clinical investigation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1990.tb01892.x
更新日期:1990-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Changes in plasma leptin concentration and food intake occur during the menstrual cycle; because leptin regulates food intake, one could hypothesize that changes in plasma leptin concentration and in food intake are associated throughout the menstrual cycle. However, no data have ever been provided to suppor...
journal_title:European journal of clinical investigation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2362.1999.00488.x
更新日期:1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Arterial calcification (AC) is a major health problem associated with extreme morbidity and a shortened survival. It is currently without any effective treatment. ATP and the purinergic system in general are now emerging as being important in the pathogenesis of AC and potentially provide a new focus for nov...
journal_title:European journal of clinical investigation
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/eci.12055
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In man, HCl acidosis reduces blood and urinary urea with a concomitant rise in ammonium (NH4+) excretion. Significantly less urea is excreted following NH4Cl administration than following equimolar ingestion of NH4 HCO3. The results of these alterations in nitrogen excretion are interpreted in terms of bicarbonate uti...
journal_title:European journal of clinical investigation
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1977.tb01655.x
更新日期:1977-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Experimental and clinical studies have suggested that inhibitors of the renin angiotensin system (RAS) might be useful to slow the progression of valvular calcification in patients with aortic stenosis (AS). OBJECTIVES:The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationships between the weight and tissue rem...
journal_title:European journal of clinical investigation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2362.2011.02522.x
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) remodel circulating lipoproteins and play a role in the antiatherogenic reverse cholesterol transport pathway. The present study determined whether abnormalities in the LDL subfraction pattern in type 2 diabetic patients were ...
journal_title:European journal of clinical investigation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2362.2003.01132.x
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The formation of metabolites of arachidonic acid by the cyclo-oxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways were determined in human lung tissue, obtained from surgery. In this measurement the chopped tissue was incubated with the calcium ionophore A23187. Formation of metabolites from [1-14C] arachidonic acid was also determin...
journal_title:European journal of clinical investigation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1987.tb02195.x
更新日期:1987-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND: Hyperlipidaemia, hyperglycaemia and hyperinsulinaemia, hallmarks of the postprandial state, have been also associated with increased oxidative stress and lipoprotein oxidation contributing to vascular injury and atherosclerosis. However, the specific links among metabolic disorders, postprandial state, ins...
journal_title:European journal of clinical investigation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2362.2011.02558.x
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Improvement of renal concentration capacity was long ago shown to occur after surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT). Study of concentration capacity is of interest, as it was also shown to be a predictive factor for the risk of death in patients with pHPT, and it affected the risk of death independe...
journal_title:European journal of clinical investigation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2362.2001.00926.x
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND: Cirrhotic patients are at considerable risk for bacterial infections, possibly through increased intestinal permeability and bacterial overgrowth. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) may increase infection risk. We aimed to explore the potential association between PPI use and bacterial infection risk in cirrhot...
journal_title:European journal of clinical investigation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2362.2011.02643.x
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mucosal incorporation and clearance of a DNA precursor was examined in the rat stomach and intestine following oral treatment with natural prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) or 15(R) 15 methyl prostaglandin E2 (Me PGE2). Control groups received vehicle or pentagastrin. After five days of treatment animals were labelled with ...
journal_title:European journal of clinical investigation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1986.tb02169.x
更新日期:1986-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Epidemiological evidence proposes the direct involvement of the liver enzymes in atrial fibrillation. These relationships are controversial and mechanistically unclear. As part of the British Regional Heart Study, we investigated whether change in liver enzymes over time associates with atrial fibrillation i...
journal_title:European journal of clinical investigation
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1111/eci.12779
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Complement-mediated tubular injury may play an important role in the progression of renal diseases. C3d is a presumed marker of complement activation. Its precursor C3dg has been detected in the urine of patients with membranous nephropathy. However, little is known of the renal handling of C3d or its excr...
journal_title:European journal of clinical investigation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2362.2003.01153.x
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A significant rise in serum concentrations of aluminum was demonstrated in 23 patients prophylactically treated with the antacid magaldrate, whereas no increase in serum aluminium was observed in another 26 critically ill patients, in whom the use of antacids was avoided. In parallel, urinary excretion rates of alumin...
journal_title:European journal of clinical investigation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1991.tb01365.x
更新日期:1991-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that participate in energy conversion, metabolism, signaling and apoptosis. To fulfill their multiple tasks, mitochondria come in varied morphologies and ultrastructures resulting from the equilibrium between fusion and fission, Furthermore, they are in close contact with ...
journal_title:European journal of clinical investigation
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/eci.12135
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), including erosive reflux disease and non-erosive reflux disease (NERD), is a chronic disease with a significant negative effect on quality of life. State-of-the-art treatment involves proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). However, relapse of symptoms occurs in the majority of...
journal_title:European journal of clinical investigation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2362.2010.02419.x
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) has recently been implicated in leukaemic cell growth, tumour-associated angiogenesis and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). We examined whether mTOR plays a role as regulator of growth and VEGF-expression in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Three ...
journal_title:European journal of clinical investigation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2362.2009.02101.x
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alpha-naphthyl-isothiocyanate (ANIT)-induced intrahepatic cholangitis was associated with significant polyuria in rats. The urine output in the experimental rats was about two and a half to four fold higher than that in the controls. The polyuria was accompanied by polydypsia and disappeared when water intake was limi...
journal_title:European journal of clinical investigation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1983.tb00059.x
更新日期:1983-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Portal endotoxaemia has been speculated to be crucially involved in the pathogenesis of chronic hepatic inflammation, which is highly associated with the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study tests whether portal endotoxaemia is a pathogenic link between chronic subacute hepatic inflammation an...
journal_title:European journal of clinical investigation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2362.2008.01991.x
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:D-dimers are generated during endogenous fibrinolysis of a blood clot and have a central role in diagnostic algorithms to rule out venous thromboembolism. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, more commonly called statins, are known to have effects independent of LDL-cholesterol lowering, including antithrombotic pr...
journal_title:European journal of clinical investigation
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1111/eci.13130
更新日期:2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Smoking is associated with dyslipidaemia, particularly raised plasma triglycerides and reduced high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol and a delayed clearance of triglyceride in fat tolerance tests. The aim of this study was to investigate whether these phenomena could be explained by a reduced lipoprot...
journal_title:European journal of clinical investigation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2362.1998.00328.x
更新日期:1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:It has been speculated that oral hypoglycaemic agents that block K-ATP channels could potentially increase blood pressure by blocking such channels in vascular myocytes. No information about this issue exists regarding nateglinide. DESIGN:A multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial was...
journal_title:European journal of clinical investigation
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2362.2007.01918.x
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Novel, powerful and long-acting inhibitors of gastric acid secretion include second generation H2-blockers and so-called proton pump inhibitors, such as omeprazole. Gastric carcinoids were found to develop in experimental animals as a consequence of continuous long-term administration of several of these highly effect...
journal_title:European journal of clinical investigation
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1990.tb01780.x
更新日期:1990-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sporadic hypophosphataemic osteomalacia (adult-onset type) was demonstrated in a 40-year-old man on the basis of severe osteomalacia, hypophosphataemia, hyperphosphaturia and glycinuria. Plasma immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH) concentration was 9.3 ng prot./ml (normal range: 4-8 ng prot./ml). Plasma 25-hydrox...
journal_title:European journal of clinical investigation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1980.tb00047.x
更新日期:1980-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Microparticles are small membrane vesicles that are released from cells upon activation or during apoptosis. Cellular microparticles in body fluids constitute a heterogeneous population, differing in cellular origin, numbers, size, antigenic composition and functional properties. Microparticles support coagulation by ...
journal_title:European journal of clinical investigation
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2362.2004.01355.x
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Emergency medical services (EMS) routinely face complex scenarios where decisions should be taken with limited clinical information. The development of fast, reliable and easy to perform warning biomarkers could help in such decision-making processes. The present study aims at characterizing the validity of ...
journal_title:European journal of clinical investigation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/eci.13341
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The use of Procion orange dye (POD) is one of the most widely accepted techniques to assess sarcolemmal damage. This phenomenon has been related to functional adaptation in skeletal muscles. The POD method includes intravenous injection of this colorant in vivo, enabling its identification inside those fibre...
journal_title:European journal of clinical investigation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2362.2002.01005.x
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Previous studies revealed that patients with Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) have a higher mortality rate than the general population and a comparable mortality to acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Repolarisation abnormalities, namely T-wave amplitude, may provide incremental prognostic information, in addition to tra...
journal_title:European journal of clinical investigation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/eci.13078
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reduced glutathione (GSH) and activity of GSH related enzymes play a key role in defence against oxygen free radicals, whose production is, as known, raised in patients affected by diabetes mellitus, and at the same time they may contribute to the process of platelet aggregation. The purpose of this study was to evalu...
journal_title:European journal of clinical investigation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1995.tb01983.x
更新日期:1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:To prospectively evaluate the role of procalcitonin (PCT) in screening of patients with thyroid nodules for medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). MATERIALS AND METHODS:We measured PCT in 2705 patients with thyroid nodules referred to our centre between January 2011 and December 2017. Those with a positive PCT ...
journal_title:European journal of clinical investigation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/eci.12934
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00