Abstract：
:The transplantation of cells that secrete neuroactive substances with analgesic properties into the CNS is a novel method that challenges current approaches in treating chronic pain. This review covers pre-clinical and clinical studies from both allogeneic and xenogeneic sources. One cell source that has been utilized successfully is the adrenal chromaffin cell, since such cells constitutively release catecholamines, opioid peptides, and neurotrophic factors; release can be augmented with nicotine. Other graft sources include AtT-20 and B-16 cell lines which release enkephalins and catecholamines, respectively. For grafting in rodents, adrenal medullary tissue pieces are transplanted to the subarachnoid space. Chromaffin cell transplants can decrease pain sensitivity in normal rats using standard acute pain tests (paw-pinch, hot-plate, and tail-flick). In addition, transplants can restore normal pain thresholds in rodent models of chronic pain (formalin, adjuvant-induced arthritis, and sciatic-nerve tie) which closely similate the pathologies of human chronic pain conditions. Xenografts have been studied due to concerns that future application for human pain may be limited by donor availability. Despite immune privileges of the CNS, xenografts require at least short-term immunosuppression to obtain a viable graft. Cell encapsulation is one method of sustaining a xenograft (in rat and human hosts) while circumventing the need for immunosuppression. Clinical studies have been initiated for terminal cancer patients with promising results as assessed by markedly reduced narcotic intake, visual analog scale ratings, and increased CSF levels of catecholamines and met-enkephalin.
journal_name
Prog Neurobioljournal_title
Progress in neurobiologyauthors
Czech KA,Sagen Jdoi
10.1016/0301-0082(95)00011-jsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1995-08-01 00:00:00pages
507-29issue
5eissn
0301-0082issn
1873-5118pii
0301-0082(95)00011-Jjournal_volume
46pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Gene expression patterns in neurons are complex and are modulated in response to multiple extracellular stimuli. In addition, during development and as neurons differentiate into distinct neuronal phenotypes, there is a co-ordinated activation and repression of a variety of genes. It is becoming increasingly evident t...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0301-0082(96)00041-x
更新日期：1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) have long been studied as particularly accessible examples of chemical synapses. Nonetheless, some important features of neuromuscular transmission are still poorly understood. One of these is the low statistical variability of the number of transmitter quanta released from motor nerve t...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2015.09.004
更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ventral pallidum (VP) plays a critical role in the processing and execution of motivated behaviors. Yet this brain region is often overlooked in published discussions of the neurobiology of mental health (e.g., addiction, depression). This contributes to a gap in understanding the neurobiological mechanisms of psy...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2015.03.005
更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Copper is an important trace element that is required for essential enzymes. However, due to its redox activity, copper can also lead to the generation of toxic reactive oxygen species. Therefore, cellular uptake, storage as well as export of copper have to be tightly regulated in order to guarantee sufficient copper ...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2014.01.002
更新日期：2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Brain sex differences are programmed largely by sex hormone secretions and direct sex chromosome effects in early life, and are subsequently modulated by early life experiences. The brain's resident immune cells, called microglia, actively contribute to brain development. Recent research has shown that microglia are s...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.09.002
更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recently, opioid receptor like1 (ORL1) receptor was identified. The ORL1 receptor is a G protein coupled receptor and the sequence of the ORL1 receptor is closely related to that of the opioid receptors. Nociceptin/orphanin FQ has been identified as a potent endogenous agonist of the ORL1 receptor and the sequence of ...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0301-0082(98)00067-7
更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There has been an abundance of literature devoted to the involvement of noradrenaline in basic rapid eye movement (REM) sleep processes since the subject was first investigated in 1964. Nowadays, the great majority of studies highlight the need for silence in the locus coeruleus noradrenergic neurons as a condition fo...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2008.04.002
更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Preclinical and clinical neurophysiological and neurorehabilitation research has generated rather surprising levels of recovery of volitional sensory-motor function in persons with chronic motor paralysis following a spinal cord injury. The key factor in this recovery is largely activity-dependent plasticity of spinal...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.10.004
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:GABA and the GABAA and GABAB receptors play a pivotal role in the coordination of the central vestibular pathways. The commissural inhibition, which exists between the two vestibular nucleus complexes (VNCs) and which is responsible for enhancing the dynamic sensitivity of VNC neurons to head acceleration, is known to...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2004.11.001
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Narcolepsy is a neurological disorder that afflicts 1 in 2000 individuals and is characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy-a sudden loss of muscle tone triggered by positive emotions. Features of narcolepsy include dysregulation of arousal state boundaries as well as autonomic and metabolic disturban...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2015.12.002
更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Retrospective studies in humans suggest that chronic maternal stress during pregnancy, associated with raised plasma levels of CRH, ACTH and cortisol may increase the likelihood of preterm birth, developmental delays and behavioural abnormalities in the children. In adulthood, it may contribute to the significant asso...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0301-0082(01)00018-1
更新日期：2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) encompass a range of syndromes that are characterized by social interaction impairments, verbal and nonverbal communication difficulties, and stereotypic or repetitive behaviours. Although there has been considerable progress in understanding the mechanisms underlying the changes in th...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2014.11.002
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Multivariate time series analysis is extensively used in neurophysiology with the aim of studying the relationship between simultaneously recorded signals. Recently, advances on information theory and nonlinear dynamical systems theory have allowed the study of various types of synchronization from time series. In thi...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2005.10.003
更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Most spiking neurons are divided into functional compartments: a dendritic input region, a soma, a site of action potential initiation, an axon trunk and its collaterals for propagation of action potentials, and distal arborizations and terminals carrying the output synapses. The axon trunk and lower order branches ar...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2011.06.001
更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:At the psychological level, the notion that emotional events may be better remembered is a long accepted view. Its translation into neurobiological mechanisms has led to the proposal of the 'emotional tag' concept, according to which, the activation of the amygdala by emotionality would result in modulation of neural ...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2011.03.004
更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Japanese encephalitis (JE) is one of the most important endemic encephalitis in the world especially in Eastern and Southeastern Asia. JE affects over 50,000 patients and results in 15,000 deaths annually. JE virus is a single stranded positive sense RNA virus belonging to family flaviviridae. JE virus is transmitted ...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2010.01.008
更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Aging and neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases are characterized by tissue and mitochondrial changes that compromise brain function. Alterations can include increased reactive oxygen species production and impaired antioxidant capacity with a consequent increase in oxidative damage, mi...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2012.08.002
更新日期：2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Stimulation of membrane receptors linked to a phospholipase C and the subsequent production of the second messengers diacylglycerol and inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP(3)) is a signaling pathway of fundamental importance in eukaryotic cells. Signaling downstream of these initial steps involves mobilization of Ca(2+...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0301-0082(02)00002-3
更新日期：2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article reviews the application of information-theoretical analysis, employing measures of entropy and mutual information, for the study of aging and aging-related diseases. The research of aging and aging-related diseases is particularly suitable for the application of information theory methods, as aging proces...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2016.03.005
更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Brain damage can sometimes render a patient persistently unresponsive and yet apparently awake, admitting the possibility that the absence of overt voluntary behaviour might conceal a retained capacity for covert cognition. When given instructions to perform a cognitive task, a minority of patients in such a so-called...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2010.01.009
更新日期：2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Long-term consequences of anesthetic exposure in humans are not well understood. It is possible that alterations in brain function occur beyond the initial anesthetic administration. Research in children and adults has reported cognitive and/or behavioral changes after surgery and general anesthesia that may be short ...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.01.005
更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Preeclampsia is a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy that can involve dangerous neurological symptoms such as spontaneous seizures (eclampsia). Despite being diseases specific to the pregnant state, preeclampsia and eclampsia have long-lasting neurological consequences later in life, including changes in brain structu...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101938
更新日期：2020-10-29 00:00:00
abstract：:Not later than two synapses after their arrival in the cerebellar cortex all excitatory afferent signals are subsequently transformed into inhibitory ones. Guaranteed by the exceedingly ordered and stereotyped synaptic arrangement of its cellular elements, the cerebellar cortex transmits this inhibitory result of cere...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0301-0082(00)00024-1
更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) constitute a unique population of glia that accompany and ensheath the primary olfactory axons. They are thought to be critical for spontaneous growth of olfactory axons within the developing and adult olfactory nervous system, and have recently emerged as potential candidates for ce...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2010.08.008
更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nanotechnology employs engineered materials or devices that interact with biological systems at a molecular level and could revolutionize the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) by stimulating, responding to and interacting with target sites to induce physiological responses while minimizing side-effects. C...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2009.05.002
更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Comparative studies of behavioral responses to centrally acting drugs in inbred strains of mice which show differences in brain neurotransmitter activity represent a major strategy in the investigation of the neurochemical bases underlying behavioural expression. Moreover, these studies represent a preliminary stage i...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0301-0082(97)00008-7
更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Here, we discuss the identity, heterogeneity and functions of radial glial cells mostly in the developing central nervous system (CNS). First, we define radial glial cells by morphological, cell biological and molecular criteria as true glial cells, akin to astroglia. We then describe the appearance of radial glial ce...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pneurobio.2007.02.010
更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Glutamate is a potent candidate of the excitatory transmitter at the invertebrate NMJ and the synapse of the vertebrate CNS. But pharmacological studies have not been enough to prove that glutamate functions as an excitatory neurotransmitter. During the past 10 years, we have been studying the effects of various compo...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0301-0082(88)90009-3
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The S-100 is a group of low molecular weight (10-12 kD) calcium-binding proteins highly conserved among vertebrates. It is present in different tissues as dimers of homologous or different subunits (alpha, beta). In the nervous system, the S-100 exists as a mixture composed of beta beta and alpha beta dimers with the ...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0301-0082(94)00062-m
更新日期：1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An important biological consequence of the initial interactions between the cell surface and its extracellular environment is the diversity of cellular responses ranging from overt repulsion or avoidance reaction to stable adhesion or final positioning. It is now evident that positive and negative guiding mechanisms a...
journal_title：Progress in neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0301-0082(99)00061-1
更新日期：2000-08-01 00:00:00
