Abstract:
:The rpoS gene of Escherichia coli encodes a putative RNA polymerase sigma factor that is considered to be the central regulator of gene expression in stationary phase. The gene product (sigma 38) was overproduced using the cloned rpoS gene and purified to homogeneity. Reconstituted RNA polymerase holoenzyme (E sigma 38) was found to recognize in vitro a number of typical sigma 70-type promoters, including the lacUV5 and trp promoters. Some, however, were recognized exclusively or preferentially by E sigma 70, whereas at least one, fic, was favored by E sigma 38. Thus E. coli promoters can be classified into three groups: the first group is recognized by E sigma 70 and E sigma 38, but the second and third groups are recognized substantially by either E sigma 70 or E sigma 38 alone. In contrast to other minor sigma factors, sigma 38 shares a set of amino acid sequences common among the principal sigma factors of eubacteria and is therefore a member of the RpoD-related protein family. The intracellular level of sigma 38 was demonstrated to increase in vivo upon entry into stationary phase. These results together indicate that sigma 38 is a second principal sigma factor in stationary-phase E. coli.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Tanaka K,Takayanagi Y,Fujita N,Ishihama A,Takahashi Hdoi
10.1073/pnas.90.8.3511subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1993-04-15 00:00:00pages
3511-5issue
8eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490journal_volume
90pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Whole-genome duplication (WGD) is believed to be a significant source of major evolutionary innovation. Redundant genes resulting from WGD are thought to be lost or acquire new functions. However, the rates of gene loss and thus temporal process of genome reshaping after WGD remain unclear. The WGD shared by all teleo...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1507669112
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inteins are intervening protein sequences that undergo self-excision from a precursor protein with concomitant joining of the flanking sequences. Here, we demonstrate intein trans-splicing in Nicotiana tabacum chloroplasts by using the naturally split Ssp DnaE intein. Trans-splicing occurred whether both intein fragme...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0736538100
更新日期:2003-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::Unlike parasitic protist groups that are defined by the absence of mitochondria, the Pelobiontida is composed mostly of free-living species. Because of the presence of ultrastructural and cellular features that set them apart from all other eukaryotic organisms, it has been suggested that pelobionts are primitively am...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.95.20.11769
更新日期:1998-09-29 00:00:00
abstract::Corticosteroid hormones are critical for controlling metabolism, hydromineral balance, and the stress response in vertebrates. Although corticosteroid hormones have been well characterized in most vertebrate groups, the identity of the earliest vertebrate corticosteroid hormone has remained elusive. Here we provide ev...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0914026107
更新日期:2010-08-03 00:00:00
abstract::Traits that enable species to persist in ecological environments are often maintained over time, a phenomenon known as niche conservatism. Here we argue that ecological niches function at levels above species, notably at the level of genus for mammals, and that niche conservatism is also evident above the species leve...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0901648106
更新日期:2009-11-17 00:00:00
abstract::Disulfide bond formation is catalyzed in the periplasm of Escherichia coli. This process involves at least two proteins: DsbA and DsbB. Recent evidence suggests that DsbA, a soluble periplasmic protein directly catalyzes disulfide bond formation in proteins, whereas DsbB, an inner membrane protein, is involved in the ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.92.21.9895
更新日期:1995-10-10 00:00:00
abstract::Recent advances in electrodes for noninvasive recording of electroencephalograms expand opportunities collecting such data for diagnosis of neurological disorders and brain-computer interfaces. Existing technologies, however, cannot be used effectively in continuous, uninterrupted modes for more than a few days due to...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1424875112
更新日期:2015-03-31 00:00:00
abstract::Carrying premature termination codons in 1 allele of the ABCA7 gene is associated with an increased risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD). While the primary function of ABCA7 is to regulate the transport of phospholipids and cholesterol, ABCA7 is also involved in maintaining homeostasis of the immune system. Since inflamm...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1908529116
更新日期:2019-11-19 00:00:00
abstract::Receptor-binding specificity of HA, the major surface glycoprotein of influenza virus, primarily determines the host ranges that the virus can infect. Influenza type B virus almost exclusively infects humans and contributes to the annual "flu" sickness. Here we report the structures of influenza B virus HA in complex ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0708363104
更新日期:2007-10-23 00:00:00
abstract::The primary obstacle to producing renewable fuels from lignocellulosic biomass is a plant's recalcitrance to releasing sugars bound in the cell wall. From a sample set of wood cores representing 1,100 individual undomesticated Populus trichocarpa trees, 47 extreme phenotypes were selected across measured lignin conten...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1009252108
更新日期:2011-04-12 00:00:00
abstract::The emergence of antibiotic resistance among nosocomial pathogens has reemphasized the need for effective infection control strategies. The spread of resistant pathogens within hospital settings proceeds along various routes of transmission and is characterized by large fluctuations in prevalence, which are typical fo...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.082412899
更新日期:2002-04-16 00:00:00
abstract::A serpin was identified in normal mammary gland by differential cDNA sequencing. In situ hybridization has detected this serpin exclusively in the myoepithelial cells on the normal and noninvasive mammary epithelial side of the basement membrane and thus was named myoepithelium-derived serine proteinase inhibitor (MEP...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.96.7.3700
更新日期:1999-03-30 00:00:00
abstract::The oxygenation of the atmosphere ∼2.45-2.32 billion years ago (Ga) is one of the most significant geological events to have affected Earth's redox history. Our understanding of the timing and processes surrounding this key transition is largely dependent on the development of redox-sensitive proxies, many of which re...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1523544113
更新日期:2016-05-03 00:00:00
abstract::The peptide composition of purified Histocompatibility-2 (H-2) reactive glycoprotein fragments from two murine strains allelic at the H-2 locus (H-2(b) and H-2(d)) were compared by a cellulose thin-layer peptide mapping micro technique. Approximately 70 per cent of the theoretical maximum number of peptides produced b...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.65.3.691
更新日期:1970-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is unknown whether cross-regulatory interactions between homeotic genes, which have been shown to play an important role in the maintenance of their expression domains during Drosophila development, are also important during mammalian development. We have analyzed here the expression of Hox genes in Hoxa-1 (Hox-1.6...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.90.16.7666
更新日期:1993-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::The papain-solubilized fragment of the heavy chain of HLA-B7, which is the NH2-terminal part of the whole polypeptide chain, can be divided into three regions by mild acid and cyanogen bromide cleavages. The first 100 amino acids terminating in a methionine residue contain the carbohydrate moiety; this segment is foll...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.74.9.4002
更新日期:1977-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 2009 we reported that depletion of Dicer-1, the enzyme that catalyzes the final step of miRNA biosynthesis, prevents metamorphosis in Blattella germanica. However, the precise regulatory roles of miRNAs in the process have remained elusive. In the present work, we have observed that Dicer-1 depletion results in an ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1418522112
更新日期:2015-03-24 00:00:00
abstract::The live cold-adapted (ca) A/AA/6/60 influenza vaccine is being commercially developed for worldwide use in children and is being used as a model for other live vaccines. Although it has been proven safe and immunogenic, the molecular basis of cold adaptation has never been determined. To identify sequence changes res...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.90.13.6032
更新日期:1993-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Escherichia coli O157:H7, a toxin-producing food and waterborne bacterial pathogen, has been linked to large outbreaks of gastrointestinal illness for more than two decades. E. coli O157 causes a wide range of clinical illness that varies by outbreak, although factors that contribute to variation in disease severity a...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0710834105
更新日期:2008-03-25 00:00:00
abstract::C-tail-anchored (TA) proteins often require a transmembrane domain of moderate hydrophobicity to maintain their endoplasmic reticulum residence, but the suggested role of protein-lipid interactions in this phenomenon has not been established. Here, we studied the interaction of TA proteins with lipids by differential ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0508157102
更新日期:2005-11-08 00:00:00
abstract::The interactions between cancer cells and the surrounding host stromal tissue play a critical role in tumor progression and metastasis, but the molecular nature of this relationship remains largely uncharacterized. Furthermore, although genetic changes of neoplastic cells in tumors contribute significantly to tumor pr...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0609635104
更新日期:2006-12-26 00:00:00
abstract::Cytological preparations of interphase nuclei and chromosomes from mouse 3T6 cells prepared at various times after infection with the murine sarcomaleukemia virus complex were hybridized with the [(3)H]DNA product of the viral RNA-directed DNA polymerase. While uninfected nuclei had an average of 4 autoradiographic gr...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.71.9.3418
更新日期:1974-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Generating human single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) is no longer a rate-limiting step for genetic studies of disease. The number of SNPs in public databases already exceeds 200,000, and the total is expected to exceed 1,000,000 within a year. Rather, progress is limited by the inability to genotype large numbers o...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.210394597
更新日期:2000-10-24 00:00:00
abstract::The complex cooperative behavior exhibited by wild chimpanzees generates considerable theoretical and empirical interest, yet we know very little about the mechanisms responsible for its evolution. Here, we investigate the influence of kinship on the cooperative behavior of male chimpanzees living in an unusually larg...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0611449104
更新日期:2007-05-08 00:00:00
abstract::The leukemic fusion gene AML1-MDS1-EVI1 (AME) encodes a chimeric transcription factor that results from the t(3,21)(q26;q22) translocation seen in patients with acute myeloid leukemia, with therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome, or with chronic myeloid leukemia in blast crisis. The myeloid transcription factor CEBP...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0404731101
更新日期:2004-09-07 00:00:00
abstract::At mammalian neuromuscular junctions (NMJs), innervation induces and maintains the metabolic stability of acetylcholine receptors (AChRs). To explore whether neural agrin may cause similar receptor stabilization, we injected neural agrin cDNA of increasing transfection efficiencies into denervated adult rat soleus (SO...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.171539698
更新日期:2001-08-14 00:00:00
abstract::Arf family GTP-binding proteins are best characterized as regulators of membrane traffic, but recent studies indicate an additional role in cytoskeletal organization. An Arf GTPase-activating protein of the centaurin beta family, ASAP1 (also known as centaurin beta4), binds Arf and two other known regulators of the ac...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.070552297
更新日期:2000-04-11 00:00:00
abstract::The multiplication in gases of ionization electrons, by the effect of the electric fields between parallel electrodes, leads to the emission of light from the molecules excited in the avalanche process. The optical imaging of this light, with intensifiers, on charge-coupled devices permits the localization, in the gas...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.86.6.1741
更新日期:1989-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::An implicit assumption of speciation biology is that population differentiation is an important stage of evolutionary diversification, but its significance as a rate-limiting control on phylogenetic speciation dynamics remains largely untested. If population differentiation within a species is related to its speciatio...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1617397114
更新日期:2017-06-13 00:00:00
abstract::During heat shock, structural changes in proteins and membranes may lead to cell death. While GroE and other chaperone proteins are involved in the prevention of stress-induced protein aggregation and in the recovery of protein structures, a mechanism for short-term membrane stabilization during stress remains to be e...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.94.6.2192
更新日期:1997-03-18 00:00:00