Abstract:
:Receptor-binding specificity of HA, the major surface glycoprotein of influenza virus, primarily determines the host ranges that the virus can infect. Influenza type B virus almost exclusively infects humans and contributes to the annual "flu" sickness. Here we report the structures of influenza B virus HA in complex with human and avian receptor analogs, respectively. These structures provide a structural basis for the different receptor-binding properties of influenza A and B virus HA molecules and for the ability of influenza B virus HA to distinguish human and avian receptors. The structure of influenza B virus HA with avian receptor analog also reveals how mutations in the region of residues 194 to 196, which are frequently observed in egg-adapted and naturally occurring variants, directly affect the receptor binding of the resultant virus strains. Furthermore, these structures of influenza B virus HA are compared with known structures of influenza A virus HAs, which suggests the role of the residue at 222 as a key and likely a universal determinant for the different binding modes of human receptor analogs by different HA molecules.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Wang Q,Tian X,Chen X,Ma Jdoi
10.1073/pnas.0708363104subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2007-10-23 00:00:00pages
16874-9issue
43eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490pii
0708363104journal_volume
104pub_type
杂志文章abstract::A general and efficient method has been developed to generate large numbers of single-base substitution mutations simply and rapidly. A unique f1 phage recombinant DNA cloning vector is described, which contains the phi X174 origin of viral strand DNA synthesis and allows one to direct mutagenesis to any specific segm...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.81.7.2030
更新日期:1984-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The apoprotein corresponding to the mammalian photoreceptor rhodopsin has been expressed by using suspension cultures of HEK293S cells in defined media that contained 6-15N-lysine and 2-13C-glycine. Typical yields were 1.5-1.8 mg/liter. Incorporation of 6-15N-lysine was quantitative, whereas that of 2-13C-glycine was ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.96.2.487
更新日期:1999-01-19 00:00:00
abstract::During the early evolution of life, 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (O) may have functioned as a proto-flavin capable of repairing cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers in DNA or RNA by photoinduced electron transfer using longer wavelength UVB radiation. To investigate the ability of O to act as an excited-state electron...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1404411111
更新日期:2014-08-12 00:00:00
abstract::Previous studies have demonstrated that mutation in the forkhead domain of the forkhead box P2 (FOXP2) protein (R553H) causes speech-language disorders. To further analyze FOXP2 function in speech learning, we generated a knockin (KI) mouse for Foxp2 (R552H) [Foxp2 (R552H)-KI], corresponding to the human FOXP2 (R553H)...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0712298105
更新日期:2008-02-26 00:00:00
abstract::Enhanced ethylene production is an early response of plants to pathogen attack and has been associated with both resistance and susceptibility to disease. Tobacco plants were transformed with the mutant etr1-1 gene from Arabidopsis, conferring dominant ethylene insensitivity. Besides lacking known ethylene responses, ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.95.4.1933
更新日期:1998-02-17 00:00:00
abstract::Murine Ly-6-encoded molecules play an important role in the antigen-independent activation of lymphocytes. We have described the cloning of a cDNA encoding the protein component of an Ly-6 molecule. Hybridization studies indicated that this cDNA identified multiple DNA fragments on Southern blots. The banding pattern ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.84.6.1638
更新日期:1987-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Selective lodgement or homing of transplanted hemopoietic stem cells in the recipient's bone marrow (BM) is a critical step in the establishment of long-term hemopoiesis after BM transplantation. However, despite its biologic and clinical significance, little is understood about the process of homing. In the present s...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.92.21.9647
更新日期:1995-10-10 00:00:00
abstract::We postulated that a synergistic combination of two innate immune functions, pathogen surface recognition and lysis, in a protein chimera would lead to a robust class of engineered antimicrobial therapeutics for protection against pathogens. In support of our hypothesis, we have engineered such a chimera to protect ag...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1116027109
更新日期:2012-03-06 00:00:00
abstract::Fermions need to satisfy the Pauli exclusion principle: no two can be in the same state. This restriction is most compactly expressed in a second quantization formalism by the requirement that the creation and annihilation operators of the electrons satisfy anticommutation relations. The usual classical limit of quant...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.97.5.1965
更新日期:2000-02-29 00:00:00
abstract::Since their discovery as key regulators of early animal development, microRNAs now are recognized as widespread regulators of gene expression. Despite their abundance, little is known regarding the regulation of microRNA biogenesis. We show that three highly conserved muscle-specific microRNAs, miR-1, miR-133 and miR-...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0602831103
更新日期:2006-06-06 00:00:00
abstract::The structural requirements of E. coli formylmethionine tRNA for aminoacylation have been examined by chemical modification of the tRNA, followed by separation of the modified molecules into active and inactive components. Photooxidation of tRNA(fMet) at 50 degrees in the presence of methylene blue results in modifica...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.69.12.3594
更新日期:1972-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Microbes whose genomes are encoded by DNA and for which adequate information is available display similar genomic mutation rates (average 0.0034 mutations per chromosome replication, range 0.0025 to 0.0046). However, this value currently is based on only a few well characterized microbes reproducing within a narrow ra...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.141113098
更新日期:2001-07-03 00:00:00
abstract::Treatment of full-thickness damage to hyaline cartilage is hampered by the limited availability of autologous healthy cartilage and the lengthy, cost-prohibitive cell isolation and expansion steps associated with autologous cartilage implantation (ACI). Here we report a strategy for de novo engineering of ectopic auto...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0907774107
更新日期:2010-02-23 00:00:00
abstract::Analyses of genomic DNA and clones indicate that the pyruvate, orthophosphate dikinase (PPDK; ATP: pyruvate, orthophosphate phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.9.1) gene family of maize (Zea mays L. subsp. mays, line B73) contains two members. Restriction site and DNA sequence comparisons between PPDK genomic and leaf cDNA clo...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.87.8.3004
更新日期:1990-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The regulation of glycogen metabolism is critical for the maintenance of glucose and energy homeostasis in mammals. Glycogen synthase, the enzyme responsible for glycogen production, is regulated by multisite phosphorylation in yeast and mammals. We have previously identified PAS kinase as a physiological regulator of...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0508481102
更新日期:2005-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::We report a machine-learning strategy for design of organic structure directing agents (OSDAs) for zeolite beta. We use machine learning to replace a computationally expensive molecular dynamics evaluation of the stabilization energy of the OSDA inside zeolite beta with a neural network prediction. We train the neural...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1818763116
更新日期:2019-02-26 00:00:00
abstract::Plants adapt to alterations in light conditions by controlling their gene expression profiles. Expression of light-inducible genes is transcriptionally induced by transcription factors such as HY5. However, few detailed analyses have been carried out on the control of transcription start sites (TSSs). Of the various w...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1804971115
更新日期:2018-07-24 00:00:00
abstract::Glioblastoma is the most common primary malignant brain tumor of adults and one of the most lethal of all cancers. Patients with this disease have a median survival of 15 months from the time of diagnosis despite surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. New treatment approaches are needed. Recent works suggest that gliob...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0608396103
更新日期:2006-11-14 00:00:00
abstract::The mechanisms regulating clonal expansion and contraction of T cells in response to immunization remain to be identified. A recent study established that there was a log-linear relation between CD4 T-cell precursor number (PN) and factor of expansion (FE), with a slope of ∼-0.5 over a range of 3-30,000 precursors per...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1019706108
更新日期:2011-02-22 00:00:00
abstract::Germ-line mutations of tumor suppressor genes confer strong predisposition to tumor formation. In the rat, a form of dominantly inherited renal carcinoma (RC) results in multiple chromophobe cell tumors that resemble the human disease, and heterozygous carriers (RC/+) are highly susceptible to environmental agents (ra...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.90.17.8038
更新日期:1993-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The apparent detection of an exoplanet orbiting Fomalhaut was announced in 2008. However, subsequent observations of Fomalhaut b raised questions about its status: Unlike other exoplanets, it is bright in the optical and nondetected in the infrared, and its orbit appears to cross the debris ring around the star withou...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1912506117
更新日期:2020-05-05 00:00:00
abstract::Bordetella pertussis secretes a calmodulin-activated adenylate cyclase toxin, CyaA, that is able to deliver its N-terminal catalytic domain (400-aa residues) into the cytosol of eukaryotic target cells, directly through the cytoplasmic membrane. We have previously shown that CyaA can be used as a vehicle to deliver T ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.95.21.12532
更新日期:1998-10-13 00:00:00
abstract::During mammalian aging, cellular proteins become increasingly damaged: for example, by carbonylation and formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). The means to ensure that offspring are born without such damage are unknown. Unexpectedly, we found that undifferentiated mouse ES cells contain high levels of b...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0510944103
更新日期:2006-05-16 00:00:00
abstract::Hydrothermal vents are a well-known source of energy that powers chemosynthesis in the deep sea. Recent work suggests that microbial chemosynthesis is also surprisingly pervasive throughout the dark oceans, serving as a significant CO(2) sink even at sites far removed from vents. Ammonia and sulfur have been identifie...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1215340110
更新日期:2013-01-02 00:00:00
abstract::Coatomer, the major component of the coat of COPI transport vesicles, binds both to the dilysine motif of resident membrane proteins of the endoplasmic reticulum and to the cytoplasmic domain of p23, a major type I membrane protein of COPI vesicles. Using a photocrosslinking approach, we find that under native conditi...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.95.20.11649
更新日期:1998-09-29 00:00:00
abstract::Current theory indicates that mitochondria were obtained 1.5 billion years ago from an ancient prokaryote. The mitochondria provided the capacity for aerobic respiration, the creation of the eukaryotic cell, and eventually complex multicellular organisms. Recent reports have found that mitochondria play essential role...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0510511103
更新日期:2006-01-31 00:00:00
abstract::Smooth muscle cells use fibronectin to bind to type I and type III collagens but bind to type V collagen by a trypsin-resistant intrinsic glycoconjugate. The binding site on type V collagen is located in the alpha A chain. By using collagen-coated filters in a modified Boyden chamber assay for chemotaxis, it was obser...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.78.6.3669
更新日期:1981-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The regulation of major histocompatibility complex class II gene expression is directly involved in the control of normal and abnormal immune responses. In humans, HLA-DR, -DQ, and -DP class II heterodimers are encoded by a family of alpha- and beta-chain genes clustered in the major histocompatibility complex. Their ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.86.11.4200
更新日期:1989-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent advances in electrodes for noninvasive recording of electroencephalograms expand opportunities collecting such data for diagnosis of neurological disorders and brain-computer interfaces. Existing technologies, however, cannot be used effectively in continuous, uninterrupted modes for more than a few days due to...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1424875112
更新日期:2015-03-31 00:00:00
abstract::A transcription factor required for synthesis of accurately initiated run-off transcripts by RNA polymerase II has been purified and shown to have an associated DNA-dependent ATPase (dATPase) activity that is strongly stimulated by the TATA region of promoters. This transcription factor, designated delta, was purified...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.86.19.7356
更新日期:1989-10-01 00:00:00