Abstract：
:Previous studies have suggested that sensory cues associated with cigarette smoking can suppress certain smoking withdrawal symptoms, including craving for cigarettes. In this study we investigated the subjective effects of a cigarette substitute delivering a vapor of black pepper essential oil. Forty-eight cigarette smokers participated in a 3-h session conducted after overnight deprivation from smoking. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: one group of smokers puffed on a device that delivered a vapor from essential oil of black pepper; a second group puffed on the device with a mint/menthol cartridge, and a third group used a device containing an empty cartridge. Subjects puffed and inhaled ad libitum from the device throughout the session during which no smoking was allowed. Reported craving for cigarettes was significantly reduced in the pepper condition relative to each of the two control conditions. In addition, negative affect and somatic symptoms of anxiety were alleviated in the pepper condition relative to the unflavored placebo. The intensity of sensations in the chest was also significantly higher for the pepper condition. These results support the view that respiratory tract sensations are important in alleviating smoking withdrawal symptoms. Cigarette substitutes delivering pepper constituents may prove useful in smoking cessation treatment.
journal_name
Drug Alcohol Dependjournal_title
Drug and alcohol dependenceauthors
Rose JE,Behm FMdoi
10.1016/0376-8716(94)90160-0subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1994-02-01 00:00:00pages
225-9issue
3eissn
0376-8716issn
1879-0046pii
0376-8716(94)90160-0journal_volume
34pub_type
临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验abstract：BACKGROUND/AIMS:We assessed to what extent adolescents use alcohol and cannabis simultaneously and expanded previous research by estimating the proportion of all events of cannabis use that had occurred in relation to drinking. How the prevalence of this form of polysubstance use co-varied with the overall level of alc...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2008.11.002
更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of smokeless tobacco (ST) brand switching on biomarkers of ST exposure and on ST use. Subjects seeking treatment to reduce their use were randomized to ST brand switching with controlled ST topography, brand switching with ad libitum ST use, or a waitlist control wi...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2006.08.021
更新日期：2007-03-16 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:In order to successfully address excessive alcohol consumption it is essential to have a means of measuring the drinking patterns of a nation. Owing to the multi-dimensional nature of drinking patterns, usual survey methods have their limitations. The aim of this study was to make use of extremely detailed d...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.09.022
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Kratom preparations have raised concerns of public health and safety in the US. Investigation into the demographics, perceived beneficial and detrimental effects of Kratom as well as common doses and purposes of its use are important to properly evaluate its potential health impact. METHODS:An anonymous cro...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.03.007
更新日期：2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The debate about cannabis policy in Australia has revolved around the harms that cannabis causes to users and the community, on the one hand, and the harms that are caused by the prohibition of its use, on the other. This paper assesses evidence on: (1) the harms caused to users and the community by cannabis use (deri...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type：
doi：10.1016/s0376-8716(00)00171-x
更新日期：2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Heart rate variability (HRV) is of interest to researchers due to its potential utility as a marker for both physiological and psychological stress. Sympatholytics are used to treat opioid withdrawal, but little information about the parasympathetic system's role in mediating withdrawal symptoms exists. The ...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.06.040
更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Smoking, especially nicotine dependence is associated with more severe symptoms of depression and anxiety disorders. However, the mechanisms underlying this association are unclear. We investigated the effect of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val(66)Met polymorphism on the severity of depressive an...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.12.032
更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Kratom use in the West has increased recently, yet the prevalence and motives for use among individuals with a history of substance use disorder (SUD) have not been fully examined. Kratom has been documented as a means of treating chronic pain, mitigating drug dependence, and easing withdrawal symptoms, yet ...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.08.034
更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIMS:The aims of the present study were to determine the direct effect of DRD2 and DRD4, as well as their interaction with parenting (i.e. rejection, overprotection and emotional warmth), on the development of regular alcohol and cannabis use in 1192 Dutch adolescents from the general population. METHODS:Information w...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.10.008
更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:With the aim to characterize patterns in toxicological profile and manner of death in deceased users of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS), a retrospective autopsy protocol study of 52 deceased users of AAS was undertaken. The AAS users were compared to 68 deceased users of amphetamine and/or heroin who were consecuti...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2005.07.003
更新日期：2006-02-28 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The present study examined (1) the association between changes in perceived parental control and support from age 13 to 15 and early onset of cannabis use (before age 16), and (2) whether personality modifies the association between a decline in perceived parental control and support and early onset of canna...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.11.004
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Ethanol and cocaine are widely abused drugs triggering long-lasting changes in neuronal circuits and synaptic transmission through the regulation of enzyme activity and gene expression. Compelling evidence indicates that the ubiquitin-proteasome system plays a role in the molecular changes induced by addicti...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.02.012
更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Individuals who abuse substances often differ from nonusers in their brain structure. Substance abuse and addiction is often associated with atrophy and pathology of grey matter, but much less is known about the role of white matter, which constitutes over half of human brain volume. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), a ...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.02.005
更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:There is concern that recreational marijuana legalization (RML) may lead to increased cannabis use disorder (CUD) among youth due to increased marijuana use. This study investigates whether adolescent substance use disorder treatment admissions for marijuana use increased in Colorado and Washington followi...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.107960
更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The study proposes and tests an integrative and directional (structural equations) model to explain how pre-treatment motivation, frequency and content of counselling services, programme perceptions, and methadone dose are related to 1 and 6 months heroin use outcomes among opiate addicts receiving outpatient methadon...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1016/s0376-8716(03)00067-x
更新日期：2003-07-20 00:00:00
abstract：:Ethanol stimulates the spontaneous transmitter release from motor nerve endings, as shown by the increase of miniature end plate potential (m.e.p.p.) frequency at the neuro-muscular junction. The stimulation of acetylcholine spontaneous quantal release by ethanol is greater in regenerating than in mature nerve endings...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0376-8716(86)90044-x
更新日期：1986-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Recent years have seen a rise in the diversity and use of synthetic cannabinoids. The present study evaluated the behavioral effects of the third-generation indazole-3-carboxamide-type synthetic cannabinoid, AB-FUBINACA. METHODS:Adult male and female C57BL/6J mice were treated with AB-FUBINACA (0-3 mg/kg, i...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108179
更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A methadone withdrawal programme (MWP) and a behaviour therapy programme (BTP) were compared in terms of their effectiveness to prevent relapse of heroin addicts after methadone treatment. The BTP incorporated systematic desensitization to effect a decrease in levels of fear of both physical and environmental withdraw...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0376-8716(80)90193-3
更新日期：1980-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) is a drug of abuse associated with increasing numbers of GHB-dependent patients and emergency attendances often related to GHB-induced coma. Animal studies suggest that GHB induces oxidative stress in the hippocampus, resulting in memory impairments. However, the consequences ...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.05.019
更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Drug abuse outcomes were examined during 2 contingency management procedures in which the size of the methadone dose was determined by recent urinalysis test results. Twenty polydrug-abusing methadone-maintenance patients were exposed to one of two specific altered dose consequences: a positive incentive procedure in ...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0376-8716(86)90097-9
更新日期：1986-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:It has been proposed that relapse vulnerability in previously dependent individuals results from augmentation of drug-induced reinforcement due to repeated associations between the interoceptive properties of the drug and reduction of acute withdrawal distress. METHODS:To test this hypothesis, male Sprague-...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.01.007
更新日期：2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Reduced cardio-vascular health has been found in patients suffering from alcohol dependence. Low cardio-respiratory fitness is an independent predictor of cardio-vascular disease. METHODS:We investigated physical fitness in 22 alcohol-dependent patients 10 days after acute alcohol withdrawal and compared re...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.03.016
更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:In the past decade, marijuana use prevalence among adolescents has remained relatively steady while cigarette and alcohol prevalence has declined. We examined historical trends in: average grade of onset of marijuana, alcohol, and cigarette use by 12th grade; proportion who try alcohol/cigarettes before fi...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.09.015
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Research indicates that early tobacco initiation increases risk for dependence, but despite this, early initiation is associated with slower transitions to escalated tobacco use. In contrast to these findings, other studies suggest that rapid escalated tobacco use is associated with increased dependence outc...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.04.027
更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Illicit drug users account for the majority of cases of HCV infection in the developed world, but few have received treatment. METHODS:We evaluated barriers to initiating HCV treatment -- including general treatment willingness -- and factors associated with these among HCV infected illicit drug users. Part...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2007.09.008
更新日期：2008-01-11 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The implementation of evidence-based practices to reduce opioid overdose deaths within communities remains suboptimal. Community engagement can improve the uptake and sustainability of evidence-based practices. The HEALing Communities Study (HCS) aims to reduce opioid overdose deaths through the Communities ...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108326
更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Little research is available on brief screening instruments for identify those meeting diagnostic criteria for drug dependence or abuse. A brief, four-item screening instrument, called the rapid drug problems screen (RDPS), was developed from a similar instrument for alcohol use disorders, the rapid alcohol problems s...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2003.12.010
更新日期：2004-05-10 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:A number of studies have researched the association between monoamine oxidase gene (MAO) polymorphisms and smoking behavior, but the conclusion is quite inconsistent. A meta-analysis was conducted to assess the association of MAO-A C1460T, MAO-A VNTR and MAO-B G644A polymorphisms with smoking behavior. METH...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.05.024
更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this paper we estimate the risk of becoming cannabis dependent within 24 months after first use of cannabis and examine subgroup variation in this risk. The study estimates are based on the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse conducted during 2000-2001, with a representative sample of U.S. residents ages 12 and...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2004.11.014
更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Diversion programs are considered alternatives to the arrest and incarceration of non-violent drug offenders, including those found in possession of smaller amounts of cannabis in states with prohibitive laws. Despite the progressive nature of such programs, the inability to complete diversion program requir...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108316
更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00
