Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) is a drug of abuse associated with increasing numbers of GHB-dependent patients and emergency attendances often related to GHB-induced coma. Animal studies suggest that GHB induces oxidative stress in the hippocampus, resulting in memory impairments. However, the consequences of chronic GHB use and GHB-induced coma on human brain function and cognition are unknown. METHODS:We recruited 27 GHB users with ≥4 GHB-induced comas (GHB-Coma), 27 GHB users without a coma (GHB-NoComa), and 27 polydrug users who never used GHB (No-GHB). Participants completed verbal and spatial memory tests and an associative memory encoding task during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to probe hippocampus functioning. RESULTS:The GHB-Coma group showed a lower premorbid IQ (p = 0.006) and performed worse on the verbal memory test (p = 0.017) compared to the GHB-NoComa group, despite exhibiting similar levels of education. Compared with the other two groups, the GHB-Coma group showed lower left hippocampus (pSVC = 0.044) and left lingual gyrus (pFWE = 0.017) activity, and a trend for lower hippocampal functional connectivity with the left superior temporal cortex during performance of the associative memory encoding task (pFWE = 0.063). No significant differences were observed between the GHB-NoComa group and the No-GHB group. CONCLUSIONS:These results suggest that multiple GHB-induced comas, but not the use of GHB per se, are associated with alterations of memory performance and memory-related brain, although no causal link can be inferred from this cross-sectional study. The results highlight the need for public awareness to minimize the negative health consequences of recreational GHB use, in particular when related with GHB-induced comas.
journal_name
Drug Alcohol Dependjournal_title
Drug and alcohol dependenceauthors
Raposo Pereira F,McMaster MTB,Polderman N,de Vries YDAT,van den Brink W,van Wingen GAdoi
10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.05.019subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-09-01 00:00:00pages
29-36eissn
0376-8716issn
1879-0046pii
S0376-8716(18)30334-Xjournal_volume
190pub_type
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