Abstract：
:To discriminate 'alcoholics' and 'non-alcoholics', individual Alc-Indices (determined by methanol, acetone, 2-propanol, gamma-GT and CDT-concentrations) were calculated in a collective of 327 alcohol-impaired drivers with regard to the blood alcohol concentration, the time of the event and the age of the drivers. Applying this new defined Alc-Index, 48% of the drivers investigated could be characterised as alcohol dependent. The prevalence of alcoholics among individuals with blood alcohol concentrations (BAC) higher than 1.9per thousand was more than 80%. The diagnostic value of alcohol concentrations for the recognition of 'alcoholics', considering the legal limit in Germany (1.1per thousand) as well as statistically calculated limits, were compared to the Alc-Index.
journal_name
Drug Alcohol Dependjournal_title
Drug and alcohol dependenceauthors
Brinkmann B,Beike J,Kohler H,Heinecke A,Bajanowski Tdoi
10.1016/s0376-8716(01)00177-6keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-03-01 00:00:00pages
7-10issue
1eissn
0376-8716issn
1879-0046pii
S0376871601001776journal_volume
66pub_type
临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验abstract：:This paper has three foci. First, it examines the developing area of clinical sociology. Second, it demonstrates how, in reality, deviants in general and drug addicts in particular should be treated using theories of deviance and symbolic interactionism. The treatment itself is based on group experiences and is geared...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0376-8716(84)90067-x
更新日期：1984-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A number of experiments have evaluated self-administration of the combination of a stimulant and an opioid. Less is known about the combination of a stimulant and a CNS depressant. The present experiment was designed to examine self-administration of the mixture of cocaine and pentobarbital (PB). Rhesus monkeys (n=4) ...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2008.10.013
更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Up to fifty percent of alcohol dependent individuals have alexithymia, a personality trait characterised by difficulties identifying and describing feelings, a lack of imagination and an externalised cognitive style. Although studies have examined alexithymia in relation to alcohol dependence, no research ex...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.11.015
更新日期：2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper aims to outline some of the caveats inherent in studies on first and second messengers in the central nervous system as related to tolerance and dependence. Analysis of systems based on measures of first and second messengers may be an over-simplification, since the actual molecular consequences of neurotra...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0376-8716(79)90013-9
更新日期：1979-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Needle sharing contributes to the spread of the human immunodeficiency virus and other health concerns and remains a persistent problem among injection drug users. We determined whether needle sharing may be related to the discounting of the value of delayed outcomes. Outpatients in treatment for heroin dependence ind...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0376-8716(00)00111-3
更新日期：2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Abuse of psychostimulants, including methamphetamine (MA), has been linked to heightened impulsivity. While previous research has demonstrated differences in impulsivity between MA users and non-substance users, less is known about variability in impulsivity within MA users and whether the severity of MA use...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.01.034
更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The leading cause of death among heroin users is drug overdose. The present study examined the relationship between history of self-reported drug overdoses and social network characteristics among cocaine and opiate users. Data were from cross-sectional surveys administered from March 2001 through February 2003 as par...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2003.09.005
更新日期：2004-01-07 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Patients with prescription opioid use disorder commonly report relief of chronic pain as the chief reason for first opioid use; indeed, the prevalence of chronic pain is high in this population. Understanding the association between pain severity and subsequent opioid use is crucial for understanding how to ...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.04.023
更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Serum alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity in some individuals contains a fraction that is not inhibited by pyrazole. This might be due to the presence in those sera of pi-ADH, a unique isoenzyme found recently in human liver, and which, according to one hypothesis, could be co-responsible for the development of alcoh...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0376-8716(80)90457-3
更新日期：1980-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Healthcare professionals are crucial in the identification and accessibility to treatment for people with substance use disorders. Our objective was to assess health professionals' attitudes towards patients with substance use disorders and examine the consequences of these attitudes on healthcare delivery f...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.02.018
更新日期：2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Due largely to ambiguous or incomplete information provided on death certificates, the widely cited Multiple Cause of Death (MCOD) data reported by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has been shown to undercount the number of fatal overdoses caused by specific drugs. However, the extent of...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.107807
更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Alcohol use is risky for patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and/or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, but alcohol use disorder (AUD) treatment is underutilized in these populations. Comorbid drug use disorders (DUD) are common, but their influence on AUD treatment receipt is understudied. We ev...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.008
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Family history of addiction is a risk factor for substance use disorders. Delay discounting (DD) is associated with the risk of substance use and dependence, and is predictive of the likelihood of successful abstinence and treatment outcomes; thus, we investigated the extent to which having parents with addi...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.06.037
更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:There is little knowledge about how emotional regulation contributes to vulnerability versus resilience to substance use disorder. With younger adolescents, we studied the pathways through which emotion regulation attributes are related to predisposing factors for disorder. METHODS:A sample of 3561 adolesce...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.08.039
更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Stimulant-dependent individuals (SDI) have abnormal brain metabolism and structural changes involving dopaminergic target areas important for the processing of time. These individuals are also more impulsive and impaired in working memory and attention. The current study tested whether SDI show altered temporal proces...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2007.03.005
更新日期：2007-10-08 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Women who sell sex and use drugs have dual risks for HIV infection. Despite increasing reports of drug use among female sex workers (FSW) in Vietnam, FSW HIV interventions remain focused mainly on sexual risk reduction. We assessed the impact of drug use and inconsistent condom use on HIV infection among FSW ...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.02.006
更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:This study investigated the applicability of the Chinese versions of Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST) to detect illicit substance use in college students. METHODS:The data arising from a campus prevention program, Screening for Illicit Substance Use in College (SISUC), were utilized to explore the psychomet...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108184
更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Stress is thought to contribute to both initiation and relapse to drug abuse. However, the mechanisms by which stress influences drug use are unclear. Interestingly, responses to acute administration of stimulant drugs resemble certain neuronal and hormonal responses to acute stress, and there is accumulatin...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2009.12.029
更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:India has an estimated 177,000 injection drug users (IDU) with a national HIV prevalence of 7.14%. Reliable estimates of HIV incidence are not available for this population. METHODS:We report HIV incidence in a cohort of male, HIV-negative IDUs recruited through peer-referral, targeted outreach and as walk-...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.03.021
更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is an important modulator of cognitive and social functioning in cocaine addiction but it is unclear whether ADHD symptoms and cocaine use display mutually aggravating interaction effects on cognition, social functioning, and depressive symptoms. Therefore, we ...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.03.026
更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The magnitude and the characteristics of the use of methamphetamine, MDMA (Ecstasy), LSD (d-lysergic acid diethylamide), ketamine, GHB (gamma-hydroxybutyrate), and flunitrazepam (Rohypnol) were examined in a probability sample of the U.S. civilian population that included multiethnic urban, suburban, and rur...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2006.01.002
更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To evaluate whether cigarette smoking in Chinese urban areas was respectively associated with exposure to tobacco advertising and smoking bans in households, workplaces, and public places. METHODS:Participants were 4735 urban residents aged 15 years and older, who were identified through multi-stage quota-s...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.12.021
更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Heroin is an illicit narcotic abused by millions of people worldwide. In our earlier studies we have shown that heroin intoxication changes the antioxidant status in human brain. In the present work we continued our studies by estimating the effect of heroin abuse on reduced glutathione (GSH) and enzymes related to th...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.06.020
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Halazepam administered chronically to dogs in oral doses of 180 and 450 mg/kg/day produced physical dependence which was revealed by a flumazenil precipitated abstinence syndrome and measured by the Nordiazepam Precipitated Abstinence Scale score (NPAS) (McNicholas et al., 1988; Sloan et al., 1990). This abstinence as...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0376-8716(91)90058-7
更新日期：1991-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:We characterize cannabinoid disposition in oral fluid (OF) after dronabinol, synthetic oral Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), and Sativex, a cannabis-extract oromucosal spray, and evaluate whether smoked cannabis relapse or Sativex compliance can be identified with OF cannabinoid monitoring. METHODS:5 and 15...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.10.011
更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:There are limited data about the extent of DSM-5 substance use disorders (SUDs) among primary care patients. METHODS:This study analyzed data from a multisite validation study of a substance use screening instrument conducted in a diverse sample of 2000 adults aged ≥18 years recruited from five primary care...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.05.048
更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of smokeless tobacco (ST) brand switching on biomarkers of ST exposure and on ST use. Subjects seeking treatment to reduce their use were randomized to ST brand switching with controlled ST topography, brand switching with ad libitum ST use, or a waitlist control wi...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2006.08.021
更新日期：2007-03-16 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The nonmedical use of prescription drugs is the fastest growing drug problem in the United States, disproportionately impacting youth. Furthermore, the population prevalence of injection drug use among youth is also on the rise. This short communication examines the association between current prescription d...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.10.027
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Metabolomics allows the high-throughput analysis of low molecular mass compounds in biofluids, which can reflect the metabolic response of the body to heroin exposure and potentially reveal biomarkers of heroin abuse. METHODS:Heroin was administered to Sprague-Dawley rats in increasing doses from 3 to 16.5 ...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.06.031
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent publications claim that the recreational drug ecstasy is considered to be safe by many or most ecstasy users, or by young people or the general public. Unfortunately, there are no references that provide any support for this claim. Previous studies of various populations, including drug users and adolescents in...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2004.08.014
更新日期：2005-02-14 00:00:00
