Abstract：
:In this experiment we compared three different schedules of reinforcement for promoting and sustaining short-term drug abstinence. For pragmatic reasons, cigarette smoking was studied as an exemplar of drug self-administration. The three schedules studied were a fixed magnitude of reinforcement for abstinence, a progressive increase in magnitude of reinforcement for abstinence with a reset contingency for drug use, and a progressive increase in magnitude of reinforcement for abstinence without a reset contingency. Eighteen cigarette smokers experienced the three schedules in a counterbalanced order. Each schedule was in effect for 5 consecutive days (M-F), during which time abstinence was reinforced according to the different schedules of reinforcement. The total amount of reinforcement (money) available was the same during each condition. The progressive magnitude with a reset schedule was more effective than the other two schedules in sustaining an initial period of abstinence. These results systematically replicate and extend those from prior studies demonstrating the efficacy of schedules incorporating a progressively increasing magnitude of reinforcement with a reset contingency for sustaining initial drug abstinence, and demonstrate the importance of the reset contingency to that effect.
journal_name
Drug Alcohol Dependjournal_title
Drug and alcohol dependenceauthors
Roll JM,Higgins STdoi
10.1016/s0376-8716(99)00073-3keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2000-02-01 00:00:00pages
103-9issue
1-2eissn
0376-8716issn
1879-0046pii
S0376-8716(99)00073-3journal_volume
58pub_type
临床试验,杂志文章abstract：BACKGROUND:Many Pacific Island countries are in social and epidemiological transition, but there are little population data about drug and alcohol usage among adolescents in this region. METHODS:Random samples of school students aged 11-17 years completed surveys in three populations: Pohnpei State in the Federated St...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2006.08.030
更新日期：2007-04-17 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:European Medicines Agency guidelines recognize two different treatment goals for alcohol dependence: abstinence and reduction in alcohol consumption. All currently approved agents are indicated for abstinence. This systematic review aimed to identify drugs in development for alcohol dependence treatment and ...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.04.025
更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Despite evidence that cannabinoid receptors are located in movement-related brain regions (e.g., basal ganglia, cerebral cortex, and cerebellum), and that chronic cannabis use is associated with structural and functional brain changes, little is known about the long-term effect of cannabis use on human movem...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.05.017
更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIMS:To investigate whether variation may exist in betel nut- and ecstasy-involved adolescents in terms of sociobehavioral characteristics, the experience of psychoactive substance use, and behavioral/emotional problems. METHODS:Students (n = 53,528) aged 12-18 sampled via stratified, multistage, random cluster sampli...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.07.018
更新日期：2011-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Because methamphetamine (METH) pharmacokinetics after single iv doses show significant differences between male and female rats, we hypothesized that pharmacokinetic differences in METH disposition could be a contributing factor to the patterns of METH self-administration behaviors in rats. METHODS:For the ...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.02.032
更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:In India, heterosexual transmission accounts for approximately 80% of the spread of HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. Male alcohol use and its putative association with sexual risk are explored to inform HIV prevention interventions. METHODS:A survey of 1196 male patrons of wine shops or bars was conducted f...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2007.11.016
更新日期：2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The purpose of this study was to identify distinct classes of college students on the basis of recent and past drinking behaviors and evaluate how implicit and explicit measures of drinking identity predict membership in these classes. METHODS:US undergraduate students (N=456) completed online implicit (Imp...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.06.010
更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIMS:To investigate general and cannabis-specific parenting practices in relation to adolescent cannabis and other illicit drug use. METHODS:Data were derived from the Dutch National School Survey on Substance Use among students (N=3209; aged 12-16 years) and one of their parents in 2011. RESULTS:Logistic regression ...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.11.014
更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:Determine if a brief intervention (BI) reduces the negative consequences of drug use/misuse among adult emergency department (ED) patients, and identify patients more likely to benefit from the BI. METHODS:This randomized, controlled trial enrolled 1026 18-64 year-old ED patients whose drug misuse indicated...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.10.007
更新日期：2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Childhood maltreatment has been associated with a range of adverse mental and psychosocial outcomes, but its association with subsequent injecting drug use (IDU) is less clear. This study investigates the associations between specific and multiple forms of substantiated childhood maltreatment and IDU reporte...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.12.027
更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Offenders incarcerated for violent and property crimes were compared with respect to their alcohol and drug use, both chronic and immediately before their crime. There were only slight differences between the groups. The proportions of violent offenders who drank before the crime were greater than the proportion of pr...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0376-8716(87)90018-4
更新日期：1987-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The purpose of the present study was to identify drinking patterns and determine their intraindividual stability over the course of four weeks among a sample of adults from the general population. METHODS:The sample comprised 288 adults who reported drinking alcohol at least once per month (49% female; mean ...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.06.031
更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Ukraine's HIV epidemic, primarily affecting people who inject drugs (PWID), is expanding and transitioning despite free opioid substitution therapy (OST) and antiretroviral therapy (ART), two effective ways to reduce HIV transmission. Police detention of PWID not resulting in a formal charge or imprisonment ...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.05.018
更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Premature termination of treatment by the client has been a pervasive problem in the alcohol treatment field. This drop-out problem is compounded in conjoint therapy for alcoholic couples since most clients typically do not view the drinking problem from a systemic, interactional perspective. Within a short-term commu...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0376-8716(83)90023-6
更新日期：1983-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Major depressive disorder (MDD) frequently co-occurs in adolescents with substance use disorders (SUDs) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but the impact of MDD on substance treatment and ADHD outcomes and implications for clinical practice are unclear. METHODS:Adolescents (n=303; ages 13-...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.08.001
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Nicotine is commonly abused in adolescence and is believed to be a "gateway" to other drugs of abuse [e.g., methamphetamine (METH)]. The relationship between early nicotine exposure and later METH use is complicated because the majority of juvenile smokers continue to use cigarettes into adulthood. Thus, the...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.06.029
更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND/AIMS:Adolescents and young adults have the highest rates of opioid use, and despite shared risk-factors such as mental health and social pressures, there is little information on the relationship between education and opioid use disorder. In this study, we sought to assess differences in educational attainme...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.107618
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:To determine the relationship between borderline personality disorder (BPD), antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) and harm among current heroin users. DESIGN:Cross-sectional survey. SETTING:Sydney, Australia. PARTICIPANTS:615 current heroin users. FINDINGS:Forty-six percent met criteria for BPD, 71% for ASPD,...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2003.12.002
更新日期：2004-04-09 00:00:00
abstract：:To replicate a Canada Health Survey (CHS) study that found beer drinking was associated with lower morbidity, National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) data for 19,462 persons were used to examine associations between functional disability and beverage specific ethanol consumption. A functional disability index consisti...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0376-8716(90)90151-4
更新日期：1990-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:"Dabbing" involves heating extremely concentrated forms of marijuana to high temperatures and inhaling the resulting vapor. We studied themes describing the consequences of using highly concentrated marijuana by examining the dabbing-related content on Twitter. METHODS:Tweets containing dabbing-related ke...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.06.034
更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although there has been growing concern in recent years about an escalation in the use of LSD and other hallucinogens, little is known about the distribution of the use of these drugs in the United States population. In order to fill this gap, we used generalized additive models to analyze data from the 1988, 1990, an...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0376-8716(96)01297-5
更新日期：1996-12-11 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Few studies of the natural history of DSM-IV inhalant substance use disorders (I-SUDs) have been conducted. This investigation examined the prevalence, timing, and predictors of transitions from inhalant use to formal I-SUDs among inhalant users within a nationally representative sample. METHODS:Participant...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2008.10.017
更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Several phenylethylamines are under consideration for international control. The effects of repeated administration of these compounds, including tolerance, physical dependence and central nervous system (CNS) toxicity, are reviewed here. The compounds can be divided into two major chemical groups: those with substitu...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0376-8716(86)90005-0
更新日期：1986-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIMS:The primary aim of the present study is to determine the one year periodic prevalence of dispension of different analgesics to patients in long term opioid maintenance therapy (OMT). The secondary aim is to determine to which extent non-opioid analgesics are used as first line analgesics. DESIGN:The study is a ph...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.12.014
更新日期：2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Most evidence on the motives-alcohol use link has come from cross-sectional research using retrospective assessments. It remains also to be demonstrated whether motives predict drinking in particular circumstances. In the present study, drinking motives assessed 2 weeks prior to a diary study were used to predict the ...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.02.021
更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The Russian Federation is experiencing a very high rate of HIV infection among people who inject drugs (PWID). However, few studies have explored characteristics of people with co-occurring opioid use disorders and HIV, including psychiatric symptom presentations and how these symptoms might relate to qualit...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.12.007
更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Quantity and frequency of drinking may be used to effectively quantify the severity of alcohol-use. Drinking-severity has been related to neurocognitive impairments in such domains as spatial working memory (SWM). Youth drinking has been associated with altered neurofunctional underpinnings of SWM. The curre...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.03.030
更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of the present study is to analyze whether the addition of propylthiouracil reverts the influence of ethanol on the development of periportal and pericentral hepatocytes and their nuclei in male albino mice. Propylthiouracil-treated animals showed decreased cellular and nuclear areas when compared with the con...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0376-8716(88)90004-x
更新日期：1988-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Cannabis is the most widely used illicit drug in developed countries, and has a significant impact on mental and physical health in the general population. However, the validity of common diagnostic schemes and their applicability to cannabis abuse and dependence is poorly understood. This paper describes a ...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0376-8716(02)00223-5
更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:During the academic year 1983-1984, a survey on drug consumption was conducted among medical students in Barcelona. There was a high proportion of smokers in both sexes. Alcohol consumption was four times higher among men than women; high proof beverages were becoming the most common drinks. Coffee was the caffeine dr...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0376-8716(86)90062-1
更新日期：1986-11-01 00:00:00
