Abstract:
PURPOSE:To examine the possible presence of a major gene determining susceptibility to cortical cataract. METHODS:The percentage of the lens area involved with cortical opacity, summed over both eyes, was evaluated in 1275 individuals from the Beaver Dam Eye Study. After adjusting for the effects of age and sex, these measures of cortical cataract were subjected to sibling correlational analysis, commingling analysis, and segregation analysis. The Box and Cox power transformation was applied to the data for the commingling and segregation analyses. Using regressive models, four modes of transmission were examined, and under each mode three hypotheses and a general model were fitted by maximum likelihood and compared. RESULTS:Sister-sister and brother-brother correlations of the adjusted measures of cortical cataract are significant and similar; the brother-sister correlation is not significantly different either from these correlations or from zero. Two commingled distributions give the best fit to the data, especially after power transformation. Under each of four modes of transmission, the hypothesis that best fits the data is one in which there are only two distributions (and, hence, dominance under mendelian transmission), the power transformation parameter is fixed at the estimate obtained from commingling analysis, and there is residual sibling correlation. The data thus suggest the existence of a major effect for cortical cataract. Random environmental influences can be rejected as a cause of this major effect. Our analysis indicates the existence of a significant effect of sex on the residual variance. Allowing for this, the data suggest transmission of a single major gene, though this may not be the sole cause of the commingled distributions. CONCLUSIONS:Assuming a common variance for the two sexes, a single major gene can account for 58% of the variability of age- and sex-adjusted measures of cortical cataract. With the variance sex dependent, a major gene can account for 75% and 45% of the total variability among males and females, respectively.
journal_name
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Scijournal_title
Investigative ophthalmology & visual scienceauthors
Heiba IM,Elston RC,Klein BE,Klein Rsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1995-01-01 00:00:00pages
227-35issue
1eissn
0146-0404issn
1552-5783journal_volume
36pub_type
杂志文章abstract:PURPOSE:Dietary deficiency in the retinoid precursors of the visual pigment chromophore 11-cis retinal eventually results in selective degeneration of the photoreceptor cells of the vertebrate retina. An early effect of retinoid deficiency is depletion of chromophore from the photoreceptor outer segments. Experiments w...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1993-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A method is presented for the rapid flow cytometric determination of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor densities on the surface of cultured ocular cells. The technique uses a biotinylated monoclonal antibody directed against the EGF receptor in conjunction with a streptavidin-bound fluorochrome and requires the s...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To assess the role of vitamin E (VE) in age-related changes in the retinal tissues by using a mouse model of severe VE deficiency. METHODS:Pups of alpha-tocopherol transfer protein null (a-TTP(-)(/)(-)) mice were fed a VE-deficient diet for 4 or 18 months (VE (-) group). Wild-type C57BL/6 mice were fed a 0.002...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.06-0872
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:Purpose:We investigate morphologic and physiologic alterations of ganglion cells (GCs) in a streptozocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mouse model. Methods:Experiments were conducted in flat-mount retinas of mice 3 months after the induction of diabetes. Changes in morphology of four subtypes of GCs (ON-type RGA2 [ON-RGA2], ...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.18-26359
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Despite the high metabolic demands of the neural retina, its detachment from the retinal pigment epithelium does not lead to immediate death for most of the cells. This study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that intrinsic protective mechanisms are activated in the neural retina during early stages of reti...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.05-1209
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The integrity of the RPE barrier function in retinal detachment was studied in vitro. The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)-choroid tissue was isolated from cynomolgus monkey eyes with acute (less than 1 hr), subacute (1-2 weeks), and chronic (8-20 months) retinal detachments, and clamped between Ussing-type chambers. ...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1987-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Photodynamic therapy (PDT) and the administration of compounds acting against vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) are approved for the treatment of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) secondary to age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Experimental evidence that the combined use of both treatment opt...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.06-1224
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The influences of diurnal rhythms involving a variety of ocular parameters are implicated in the development of myopia. The purpose of this study was to determine the expression of the melatonin receptor subtype proteins in chick ocular tissues and to examine the role of the circadian signaling molecule melaton...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.05-0195
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:Purpose:To assess the feasibility of macular integrity assessment (MAIA) microperimetry (MP) in children. Also to establish representative outcome measures (differential light sensitivity, fixation stability, test-retest reliability) for children without visual impairment. Methods:Thirty-three adults and 33 children (...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.16-20037
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The secreted Ly6/uPAR-related protein-1 (Slurp1), associated with the hyperkeratotic disorder mal de Meleda, is abundantly expressed in corneas. Here, we examine its corneal expression and functions. METHODS:Gene expression was quantified by quantitative PCR (qPCR), immunoblots, and immunofluorescent staining....
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.12-10759
更新日期:2012-12-19 00:00:00
abstract::Bovine corneal endothelial cells in culture synthesize predominantly type III collagen, unlike rabbit corneal endothelial cultures which synthesize type IV collagen. In an attempt to document whether this type III collagen synthesis by bovine cells is a tissue culture-specific phenomenon, collagens synthesized by orga...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1988-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:In amblyopia, neuronal deficits deteriorate spatial vision including visual acuity, possibly because of a lack of use-dependent fine-tuning of afferents to the visual cortex during infancy; but temporal processing may deteriorate as well. METHODS:Temporal, rather than spatial, resolution was investigated in pa...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1604
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Mice rendered hypoglycemic by a null mutation in the glucagon receptor gene Gcgr display late-onset retinal degeneration and loss of retinal sensitivity. Acute hyperglycemia induced by dextrose ingestion does not restore their retinal function, which is consistent with irreversible loss of vision. The goal of t...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.11-8787
更新日期:2012-02-21 00:00:00
abstract::A method for denuding Descemet's membrane by dissection of all overlying stroma, while preserving the corneal endothelial layer, was developed and evaluated. The technique consists in treating the stroma with trypsin and surgically removing the softened stromal layers. With an automated thickness-measuring technique, ...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1978-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To determine the distribution of invasive and cytotoxic genotypes among ocular isolates of P. aeruginosa and investigate the influence of the type III secretion system (T3SS) on adhesion to conventional, cosmetic, and silicone hydrogel contact lenses (CL). METHODS:Clinical isolates from 2001 to 2010 were analy...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.11-8184
更新日期:2012-09-21 00:00:00
abstract::The efficacy of intravitreally administered amphotericin B was evaluated. Experimental fungal infections were produced by inoculation of Candida albicans organisms into the vitreous cavities of 46 rabbit eyes. After 72 hr, eight eyes received intravitreal injections of 10 micrograms of free amphotericin B; and ten eye...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1989-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Skeletal and craniofacial muscles are frequently composed of multiple neuromuscular compartments that serve different physiological functions. Evidence of possible regional selectivity in LR intramuscular innervation was sought in a study of the anatomic potential of lateral rectus (LR) muscle compartmentalizat...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.10-5330
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To determine the accuracy of a history of cataract and cataract surgery (self-report and for a sibling), and to determine which demographic, cognitive, and medical factors are predictive of an accurate history. METHODS:All participants in the Salisbury Eye Evaluation (SEE) project and their locally resident si...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.02-1055
更新日期:2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The outer horizontal cell (OHC) of the frog Rana pipiens was studied by light and electron microscopy of Golgi-stained and horseradish peroxidase-injected cells. Responses of OHCs were recorded with intracellular electrodes. The OHCs are probably axonless cells. Their dendritic terminals are lateral processes at synap...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1985-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Stereoscopic displays challenge the neural cross-coupling between accommodation and vergence by inducing a constant accommodative demand and a varying vergence demand. Stereoscopic viewing calls for a decrease in the gain of vergence accommodation, which is the accommodation caused by vergence, quantified by us...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.15-18854
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Glaucoma is the second most frequent cause of visual impairment worldwide. Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) causes glaucomatous optic nerve damage, especially in the primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) subtype. As most previous studies on IOP genetics were analyses of glaucomatous families, a study of general...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.09-3979
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:Purpose:Primates and rodents are used widely as animal models of glaucoma, but each has significant limitations. Researchers need additional animal models that closely resemble the relevant anatomy and pathologic features of the human disease to more quickly advance research. We validate a novel glaucoma animal model i...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.18-24261
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in the elderly. Evidence suggests oxidative stress plays a role in the disease. To assess the potential contribution of epigenetic regulation of antioxidant genes relevant to AMD pathogenesis, we evaluated DNA methylation, a tissue-specifi...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.11-8449
更新日期:2012-04-24 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To determine the mechanism that leads to the UVA light-dependent loss of glutathione reductase (GR) activity in human lens (HL). METHODS:Both the HL water-soluble (WS) fraction and yeast GR were irradiated with UVA light (200 mW/(cm(2). h) for 1 hour at +20 degrees C, and the specific activity (SA) was observe...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.03-0390
更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Patients with sickle cell disease have elevated circulating levels of cytokines including tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha. TNF-alpha stimulates expression by endothelial cells of adhesion molecules, including vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM) 1. Others have demonstrated that VLA-4 (alpha(4)beta(1)), a li...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To assess presbyopic spectacle coverage, willingness to pay, and the impact of correcting uncorrected presbyopia in individuals 40 years of age and older in Zanzibar and whether assessment of presbyopia can be incorporated into Rapid Assessment of Blindness (RAAB) surveys. METHODS:A cross-sectional, population...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.08-3154
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:Purpose:To investigate the underlying mechanisms for how the mouse Cx50-R205G point mutation, a homologue of the human Cx50-R198W mutation that is linked to cataract-microcornea syndrome, affects proper lens growth and fiber cell differentiation to lead to severe lens phenotypes. Methods:EdU labeling, immunostaining, ...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.61.3.25
更新日期:2020-03-09 00:00:00
abstract::The level of oxygen at the anterior corneal surface beneath the closed eyelid is shown to be equivalent to an atmosphere of 7.7% oxygen. This finding is in good agreement with assumptions which have been based on the oxygen level at the palpebral conjunctiva. However, in some instances a significant amount of oxygen i...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Neural ectopic rewiring in retinal degeneration such as retinitis pigmentosa (RP) may form functional synapses between cones and rod bipolar cells that cause atypical signal processing. In this study, the multifocal electroretinograms (mfERGs) of a large animal model of RP, the rhodopsin P347L transgenic (Tg) p...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1159
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The hypotensive effect of ascorbate on intraocular pressure has been reported following topical application, oral administration, or anterior chamber infusion in animals. The present report describes the correlation of aqueous humor ascorbate concentration with intraocular pressure as well as outflow facility in vivo....
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1978-08-01 00:00:00