Abstract:
:A typing method for bacteria was developed and applied to several species, including Escherichia coli and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. Total genomic DNA was digested with a restriction endonuclease, and fragments were enabled with [alpha-32P]dATP by using the Klenow fragment of DNA polymerase and separated by electrophoresis in 6% polyacrylamide/8 M urea (sequencing gel). Depending on the restriction endonuclease and the bacterium, the method produced approximately 30-50 well-separated fragments in the size range of 100-400 nucleotides. For A. actinomycetemcomitans, all strains had bands in common. Nevertheless, many polymorphisms could be observed, and the 31 strains tested could be classified into 29 distinct types. Furthermore, serotype-specific fragments could be assigned for the three serotypes investigated. The method described is very sensitive, allowing more distinct types to be distinguished than other commonly used typing methods. When the method was applied to 10 other clinically relevant bacterial species, both species-specific bands and strain-specific bands were found. Isolates from different locations of one patient showed indistinguishable patterns. Computer-assisted analysis of the DNA fingerprints allowed the determination of similarity coefficients. It is concluded that genomic fingerprinting by restriction fragment end labeling (RFEL) is a powerful and generally applicable technique to type bacterial species.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
van Steenbergen TJ,Colloms SD,Hermans PW,de Graaff J,Plasterk RHdoi
10.1073/pnas.92.12.5572subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1995-06-06 00:00:00pages
5572-6issue
12eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490journal_volume
92pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The plasmid construct pSVO-CAT has been used to test adenovirus promoter activities in the unmethylated or methylated state. We have now observed that the E2A late promoter of adenovirus type 2 (Ad2) DNA also activated the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene upon transfection of the pAd2E2A-CAT construct into...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.83.6.1598
更新日期:1986-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Membrane vesicles were extracted from etiolated and light-grown plants, a plant cell suspension culture, and an alga. Upon addition of ATP and Mg(2+), active Ca(2+) uptake into the vesicles against a concentration gradient was shown. The dependence of this uptake on ATP and Mg(2+) concentrations, pH, and temperature i...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.75.3.1232
更新日期:1978-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA) introduced a new framework for analyzing social-ecological systems that has had wide influence in the policy and scientific communities. Studies after the MA are taking up new challenges in the basic science needed to assess, project, and manage flows of ecosystem services and ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0808772106
更新日期:2009-02-03 00:00:00
abstract::Negative elongation factor (NELF) and 5,6-dichloro-1-beta-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole sensitivity-inducing factor (DSIF) are involved in pausing RNA Polymerase II (Pol II) in the promoter-proximal region of the hsp70 gene in Drosophila, before heat shock induction. Such blocks in elongation are widespread in the Dros...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1000681107
更新日期:2010-06-22 00:00:00
abstract::Siderophores are essential factors for iron (Fe) acquisition in bacteria during colonization and infection of eukaryotic hosts, which restrain iron access through iron-binding protein, such as lactoferrin and transferrin. The synthesis of siderophores by Escherichia coli is considered to be fully regulated at the tran...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1007805107
更新日期:2010-08-24 00:00:00
abstract::Clinical studies have revealed that genetic variations in metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 (mGlu3) affect performance on cognitive tasks dependent upon the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and may be linked to psychiatric conditions such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and addiction. We have performed a series of studies ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1416196112
更新日期:2015-01-27 00:00:00
abstract::Rat liver glutamine synthetase (s(20,w) 15.0 S; MW about 352,000) resembles ovine brain glutamine synthetase in that it (a) has 8 subunits, (b) acts on both L- and D-glutamate and certain glutamate analogs (e.g., beta-glutamate, cis-cycloglutamate, and alpha-methyl-L-glutamate), and (c) is irreversibly inhibited by L-...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.68.4.781
更新日期:1971-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Within the scientific community, much attention has focused on improving communications between scientists, policy makers, and the public. To date, efforts have centered on improving the content, accessibility, and delivery of scientific communications. Here we argue that in the current political and media environment...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
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abstract::Despite the ubiquitous use of phosphoramidite chemistry in the synthesis of biophosphates, catalytic asymmetric phosphoramidite transfer remains largely unexplored for phosphate ester synthesis. We have discovered that a tetrazole-functionalized peptide, in the presence of 10-Å molecular sieves, functions as an enanti...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2010-11-30 00:00:00
abstract::Understanding plant metabolism as an integrated system is essential for metabolic engineering aimed at the effective production of compounds useful to human life and the global environment. The "omics" approach integrates transcriptome and metabolome data into a single data set and can lead to the identification of un...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0611629104
更新日期:2007-04-10 00:00:00
abstract::Practicing a motor skill triggers a process of memory consolidation that continues for hours after practice has ended, and becomes manifest in an improved skill at later testing. We used a sequential motor task (finger-to-thumb opposition task) to show that, in humans, the formation of motor skill memories essentially...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.182178199
更新日期:2002-09-03 00:00:00
abstract::Low passage Fischer rat embryo cultures, which are normally very resistant to transformation by 3-methylcholanthrene but are highly susceptible when chronically infected with the Rauscher murine leukemia virus, were completely protected from transformation by methylcholanthrene when treated with neutralizing antibody ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.73.1.152
更新日期:1976-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Phycobilisomes isolated from eight different species of cyanobacteria contain in addition to the light-harvesting phycobiliproteins, a small number of colorless polypeptides with molecular weights higher than those of the chromopolypeptide subunits of the phycobiliproteins. In the phycobilisomes of the species examin...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.74.4.1635
更新日期:1977-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::S-nitrosylation, the selective modification of cysteine residues in proteins to form S-nitrosocysteine, is a major emerging mechanism by which nitric oxide acts as a signaling molecule. Even though nitric oxide is intimately involved in the regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell functions, the potential protein tar...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0600729103
更新日期:2006-05-09 00:00:00
abstract::Using [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate as a specific cholinergic muscarinic ligand, it has been demonstrated that lymphocytes have muscarinic binding sites. There are approximately 200 sites per cell and the dissociation constant for quinuclidinyl benzilate is approximately 1 X 10(-9) M. Quinuclidinyl benzilate receptor bi...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.75.6.2902
更新日期:1978-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A polypeptide was isolated from acid extracts of porcine hypothalami on the basis of its high ability to stimulate the release of corticotropin from superfused rat pituitary cells. After an initial separation by gel filtration on Sephadex G-25, further purification was carried out by reversed-phase HPLC. The isolated ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.82.24.8762
更新日期:1985-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inhibitory postsynaptic currents occurring spontaneously in the teleost Mauthner cell were analyzed with the single-electrode voltage-clamp technique. They were collected during depolarizing steps and were outward-going; this procedure allowed them to be isolated from possible excitatory currents flowing in the opposi...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.84.16.5981
更新日期:1987-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Using data from the North American Breeding Bird Survey, we determined that most neotropical migrant bird species that breed in forests of the eastern United States and Canada have recently (1978-1987) declined in abundance after a period of stable or increasing populations. Most permanent residents and temperate-zone...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.86.19.7658
更新日期:1989-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Natural products have long served as both a source and inspiration for pharmaceuticals. Modifying the structure of a natural product often improves the biological activity of the compound. Metabolic engineering strategies to ferment "unnatural" products have been enormously successful in microbial organisms. However, ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0903393106
更新日期:2009-08-18 00:00:00
abstract::Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated gene therapy is currently being pursued as a treatment for the monogenic disorder α-1-antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency. Results from phase I and II studies have shown relatively stable and dose-dependent increases in transgene-derived wild-type AAT after local intramuscular vector adm...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
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更新日期:2017-02-14 00:00:00
abstract::Interleukin 1 (IL-1) is a two-member family of proteins (IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta) that mediates a diverse series of immune and inflammatory responses. These two proteins have only 26% amino acid homology yet bind to the same receptor. It is of importance to define the active sites of these molecules in order to under...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.84.13.4572
更新日期:1987-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two human 12-lipoxygenase enzyme (arachidonate:oxygen 12-oxidoreductase, EC 1.13.11.31)-related genes were characterized from 13 distinct clones isolated from three genomic bacteriophage and cosmid libraries. A complete gene (12-lipoxygenase gene 1) spanning approximately 17 kilobases and consisting of 14 exons with s...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.89.9.3962
更新日期:1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The anticonvulsants phenytoin and carbamazepine interact allosterically with the batrachotoxin binding site of sodium channels. In the present study, we demonstrate an autoradiographic technique to localize the batrachotoxin binding site on sodium channels in rat brain using [3H]batrachotoxinin-A 20-alpha-benzoate (BT...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.84.9.3051
更新日期:1987-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cell-mediated immunity is critical for host resistance to tuberculosis. T lymphocytes recognizing antigens presented by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and class II molecules have been found to be necessary for control of mycobacterial infection. Mice genetically deficient in the generation of MHC c...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.96.26.15190
更新日期:1999-12-21 00:00:00
abstract::A yeast genetic system was developed to study how the basic regions of basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proteins distinguish between related consensus bHLH binding sites, with nucleotide sequence CANNTG. The yeast bHLH protein CBF1 binds to the sequence CAC(A/G)TG found in the yeast centromere element CDE1 and in promote...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.89.2.599
更新日期:1992-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::We have studied the kinetics of vitellogenin mRNA accumulation in rooster liver after a primary injection of 17beta-estradiol. The levels of vitellogenin mRNA have been determined both by hybridization of total cellular RNA to vitellogenin cDNA and by translation of vitellogenin mRNA in a wheat germ cell-free system. ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.75.4.1815
更新日期:1978-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Understanding the transmission ability of newly emerging influenza viruses is central to the development of public health preparedness and prevention strategies. Animals are used to model influenza virus infection and transmission, but the routinely used intranasal inoculation of a liquid virus suspension does not ref...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1100768108
更新日期:2011-05-17 00:00:00
abstract::The human placental alkaline phosphatase gene has been cloned and reintroduced into mammalian cells. When a plasmid carrying the gene under control of the simian virus 40 early promoter (pSV2Apap) is transfected into a variety of different cell types, placental alkaline phosphatase activity can readily be detected by ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.85.17.6342
更新日期:1988-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::RNA-binding motif protein 4 (RBM4) plays a regulatory role in alternative splicing of precursor mRNA. We show here that cell stress such as arsenite exposure induces phosphorylation of RBM4 at serine 309 and also drives its cytoplasmic accumulation and targeting to stress granule via the MKK(3/6)-p38 signaling pathway...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0611015104
更新日期:2007-02-13 00:00:00
abstract::RecQ helicases are a widely conserved family of ATP-dependent motors with diverse roles in nearly every aspect of bacterial and eukaryotic genome maintenance. However, the physical mechanisms by which RecQ helicases recognize and process specific DNA replication and repair intermediates are largely unknown. Here, we s...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1417594112
更新日期:2015-04-07 00:00:00