Abstract：
:The discharge frequency of primary (Ia) and secondary (II) muscle spindle afferents from the tibial anterior muscle of the cat were recorded under a ramp-and-hold stretch of the host muscle. The rate of ramp stretch and the prestretch of the muscle were varied systematically. The degree of stretch was kept constant. For a discharge pattern recorded at a ramp rate of 10 mm/s, the peak dynamic discharge, the maximum static value and the final static value were determined. These three discharge rate values were plotted against the maximum static value. In the resulting charts the II afferents presented themselves as a homogeneous group of spindle afferents, whereas the Ia fibers separated into three subgroups. The existence of three subpopulations of Ia fibers was verified by the method of Hald. Furthermore, it is shown that each subpopulation generated its discharge patterns in its own regularly systematic manner. It was concluded that, as one of the three Ia subpopulations exhibits much the same dynamic and static stretch properties as the II fibers, the encoder of this subpopulation must receive its receptor current from the sensory terminals of passive intrafusal chain fibers. The encoder of a second Ia subpopulation indicates its action potentials using the receptor current stemming from the bag1 sensory terminals, these Ia fibers eliciting a slow adaptation component of a high magnitude which is assumed to be the consequence of a high level of "creep" in the passive intrafusal bag1 fiber. The third Ia subpopulation initiates its action potential sequences by means of the receptor current stemming from the passive bag2 fiber, producing behavior patterns that lie between those of the other two Ia subpopulations.
journal_name
Exp Brain Resjournal_title
Experimental brain researchauthors
Schäfer SSdoi
10.1007/BF00227509subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1994-01-01 00:00:00pages
198-209issue
2eissn
0014-4819issn
1432-1106journal_volume
102pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:While mechanisms of orienting attention in unilateral spatial neglect (USN) have frequently been studied in the visual domain, these mechanisms remain relatively unexplored in the auditory domain. Our first goal was to replicate Spence and Driver's (J Exp Psychol Hum 22:1005-1030, 1994) results with a virtual reality ...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-016-4691-8
更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The characteristics of vibration-induced illusory joint movements were studied in healthy human subjects. Unseen by the subject, constant frequency vibration trains applied to the distal tendon of the Triceps or Biceps induced an almost constant velocity illusory movement of the elbow whose direction corresponded to t...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00239377
更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The insula is a region that integrates interoception and drug urges, but little is known about its role in behavioral addiction such as internet addiction. We investigated insula-based functional connectivity in participants with internet gaming disorder (IGD) and healthy controls (HC) using resting-state functional M...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-016-4659-8
更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It is an unresolved question whether the posture of single fingers relative to each other is represented in the brain within an external frame of reference. In two experiments, we investigated postural influences on the processing of tactile stimuli at fingers and hands. Healthy subjects received two simultaneous tact...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-010-2396-y
更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We recently demonstrated the existence of neurogenesis in the striatum of adult monkeys, but the number of striatal neurons generated under normal conditions was too small to establish their chemical phenotype. We therefore used brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which promotes neuronal differentiation and surv...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-005-0233-5
更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We examined the lower limb joint kinematics observed during pre- and postflight treadmill walking performed by seven subjects from three Space Shuttle flights flown between March 1992 and February 1994. Basic temporal characteristics of the gait patterns, such as stride time and duty cycle, showed no significant chang...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00227650
更新日期：1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We studied the potential contribution of postsynaptic mechanisms to the depression of reflex excitability which occurs immediately after a voluntary release from tonic muscle contraction. The excitability of the Soleus (Sol) motor pool was tested at rest and after voluntary muscle relaxation. In both cases the Sol H-r...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00230904
更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The task of sliding a nut from a rod has been used to study manual slowing in old age (Smith et al. in Neurology 53:1458-1461, 1999; Neurobiol Aging 26:883-890, 2005). In this experiment, we sought to determine if the age-related slowing in this task occurs with losses of motor precision, as indicated by the forces ex...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-009-2030-z
更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of trans-1-amino-cyclopentyl-1,3-dicarboxylate (trans-ACPD) and of DL-2-amino-3-phosphonopropionic acid (AP3), i.e. selective agonist and antagonist of metabotropic quisqualate receptors respectively, on parallel fibre (PF)-mediated EPSPs of Purkinje cells (PCs) were studied in an in vitro slice preparatio...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00228964
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Coarticulation indicates a dependence of a movement segment on a preceding segment (carry-over coarticulation) or on the segment that follows (anticipatory coarticulation). Here we study coarticulation in multidegrees of freedom human arm movements. We asked participants to transport a cylinder from a starting positio...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-015-4327-4
更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to define the relative contribution of self-generated cutaneous and proprioceptive feedback to haptic shape discrimination by systematically constraining the exploratory strategy. Subjects (n = 23) explored pairs of two-dimensional (2-D) angles (standard angle, 90 degrees; comparison angles, ...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-006-0728-8
更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The objective of this study was to investigate interhemispheric transcallosal connections between primary motor cortices noninvasively in awake human subjects. For this purpose, focal transcranial magnetic stimulation was performed on eight healthy, right-handed subjects and one patient with congenital collosal agenes...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00227944
更新日期：1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Integration of tactile afferent signals with motor commands is crucial for the performance of purposeful movements such as during manipulation of an object in the hand. To study the somatotopic organization of sensorimotor integration we applied electrical peripheral conditioning stimuli to a digit located near (homot...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002210050005
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Muscle activity patterns in some complex human jaw muscles appear to be task sensitive. However, it is presently uncertain how changes in motor task affect motor unit (MU) behaviour in the human temporalis muscle. In this study, activity was recorded from 40 MUs in the anterior region of the muscle. The lowest sustain...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00230303
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There are important developmental changes occurring during infancy in visual cortical structures that underlie higher-order perceptual abilities. Using high-density electrophysiological recording techniques, the present study aimed to examine the development of visual mechanisms, during the first year of life, associa...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-007-0854-y
更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To examine the accuracy and latency of reflexive saccades to vibratory stimulation of the fingertips made by normal human subjects and to compare the findings to those of visually guided saccades. METHODS:Eye movements were recorded using infrared oculography. Stimuli were presented via an array of audiometric...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-003-1749-1
更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) induces cortical excitability changes in animals and humans that can last beyond the duration of stimulation. Preliminary evidence suggests that tDCS may have an analgesic effect; however, the timing of these effects, especially when associated with consecutive sessions o...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-012-3149-x
更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent studies suggest that recreational use of cocaine is associated with significant impairments in the same cognitive control functions that are affected by chronic use. Here we tested whether recreational cocaine use can impact the emergence and resolution of response conflict in conflict-inducing tasks. Recreatio...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-013-3724-9
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the Brentano version of the Müller-Lyer illusion one part looks longer and the other looks shorter than it really is. We asked participants to make saccadic eye movements along these parts of the figure and between positions on the figure and a position outside the illusion. By showing that saccades from outside th...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-006-0536-1
更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We examined modulation of transmission of short-latency excitation produced by distal hindlimb cutaneous input, as well as fluctuations in motoneuron membrane potential and input resistance, in flexor digitorum longus (FDL) motoneurons during fictive locomotion. Fictive stepping was induced in unaesthetized, decerebra...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00248749
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The saccadic system has been traditionally regarded as two-dimensional (horizontal, vertical) and basically conjugate in the two eyes. However, saccades to disparate targets (e.g., targets in real three-dimensional space that are located in different directions and at different distances) are naturally disconjugate. W...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002210050529
更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Voluntary movements are preceded by a slow electrical potential of the brain (Bereitschafts-potential, BP) or readiness potential. The BP is accompanied by a magnetic field shift of similar time characteristics (Bereitschaftsmagnetfeld, BM). The BM preceding volitional right foot or toe movements was recorded from ant...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00237152
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of altered gravitational forces (AGF) on the development of the static vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) were investigated in Xenopus laevis tadpoles exposed to hypergravity (1.4g; 3g) or microgravity conditions (German spacelab mission D-2) for 9-10 days. The effects of light conditions during development wer...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00227640
更新日期：1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The anatomical pathway from the prepyriform cortex to the hippocampus in the cat was traced autoradiographically by means of anterograde transport of [3H] leucine. A direct projection from the prepyriform cortex to the lateral entorhinal area was confirmed in the cat: the termination of these fibers was largely confin...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00236644
更新日期：1980-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The amyloid precursor protein (APP) is one of the key proteins in Alzheimer's disease (AD), as it is the precursor of amyloid β (Aβ) peptides accumulating in amyloid plaques. The processing of APP and the pathogenic features of especially Aβ oligomers have been analyzed in detail. Remarkably, there is accumulating evi...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00221-011-2878-6
更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study investigated the modulation of somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) during precisely controlled force generation and force relaxation in a visuomotor tracking task. Subjects were instructed to track a target line with a line that represented their own force generated by grip movement with the right hand a...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-012-3082-z
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The time course of development of visual acuity for square wave gratings was measured behaviourally in a number of cats that were reared in total darkness until they were either 4 (5 cats) or 6 (1 cat) months of age. Less extensive measurements were also made on animals reared in a similar manner until they were eithe...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00239811
更新日期：1978-04-14 00:00:00
abstract：:Effects of electrical stimulation of the ipsilateral tooth pulp (TP) on C1 spinal neurons were determined in 33 anesthetized rats. One hundred and seven neurons responded to TP stimulation. In 10 rats, the activity of 18 C1 spinal neurons and the amplitude of a digastric electromyogram (dEMG, n = 10) increased proport...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002210050742
更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Extracellular Ca2+ activity (aCa) changes were measured with Ca2+-sensitive microelectrodes in the cat cerebral cortex during iontophoretic administration of excitatory and inhibitory aminoacids. Glutamate, aspartate and DL homcysteate usually decreased aCa from a baseline of 1.3 mM to as low as 0.1 mM. The amplitude ...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00237788
更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A preparation is described that permits the monitoring of activity from individual muscle afferent nerve fibres in an intact peripheral nerve in the forelimb of the cat. The nerve is a fine branch of the deep radial that supplies the indicis proprius muscle. When it is freed from nearby tissue over a length of 2-5 cm ...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02454157
更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00
