Abstract:
:Integration of tactile afferent signals with motor commands is crucial for the performance of purposeful movements such as during manipulation of an object in the hand. To study the somatotopic organization of sensorimotor integration we applied electrical peripheral conditioning stimuli to a digit located near (homotopic stimulation) or distant from (heterotopic stimulation) relaxed or isometrically contracted intrinsic hand muscles at variable time intervals prior to transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Cutaneous stimulation has previously been shown to modulate the amplitude of the motor evoked potential (MEP) and to shorten the duration of the silent period (SP) evoked by TMS. In relaxed target muscles the time-dependent modulation of TMS-evoked motor responses by homotopic conditioning stimulation differed from modulation by heterotopic stimulation. Similar differences in the modulation pattern evoked by homotopic and heterotopic conditioning stimulation were observed for two distinct target muscles of the hand (abductor digiti minimi, abductor pollicis brevis muscle). Differences in modulation were maximal when the conditioning stimulation was applied 25-30 ms and 150-200 ms prior to TMS. Comparison of the modulation of the amplitudes of MEPs evoked by transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) and the modulation of those evoked by TMS suggests that differences between homotopic and heterotopic stimulation originate subcortically at 25- to 30-ms and, at least partially, cortically at 150- to 200-ms interstimulus intervals. In isometrically contracted intrinsic hand muscles the degree to which the SP was shortened reflected the location and the timing of the conditioning stimulus. Shortening was maximal when the conditioning stimulus was applied nearest to the contracted target muscle and 20 ms prior to the test stimulus. In contrast to the SP duration, the MEP size in voluntarily contracted target muscles was unaffected by the location of the conditioning stimulus. The somatotopic gradient of SP shortening was abolished when the two target muscles were simultaneously activated isometrically. Together, our findings suggest that somatotopy of input-output relationships is implemented at both a spinal and a cortical level in the human central nervous system and may also depend on the motor task involved.
journal_name
Exp Brain Resjournal_title
Experimental brain researchauthors
Classen J,Steinfelder B,Liepert J,Stefan K,Celnik P,Cohen LG,Hess A,Kunesch E,Chen R,Benecke R,Hallett Mdoi
10.1007/s002210050005keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2000-01-01 00:00:00pages
48-59issue
1eissn
0014-4819issn
1432-1106journal_volume
130pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Previous studies have used a secondary probe reaction time (RT) task to assess attentional demands of a primary task. The current study used a startling acoustic stimulus (SAS) in a probe RT paradigm to test the hypothesis that attentional resources would be directly related to limitations in response preparation. Par...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-015-4340-7
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Albino mammals show very characteristic deficits in their optokinetic system, and albino ferrets are even optokinetically blind. To investigate the neuronal causes for this defect we compared the morphology of retinal slip cells in the pretectal nucleus of the optic tract and the dorsal terminal nucleus of the accesso...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002210100832
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::We employed binocular magnetic search coils to study the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) and visually enhanced vestibulo-ocular reflex (VVOR) of 15 human subjects undergoing passive, whole-body rotations about a vertical (yaw) axis delivered as a series of pseudorandom transients and sinusoidal oscillations at frequenci...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/pl00005639
更新日期:1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of an opioid receptor antagonist, naloxone (NAL), were studied on the changes in pituitary hormone secretion induced by emotional stress. Male Wistar rats were trained with tone stimuli paired with electric footshocks and tested with the tone and environmental cue signals for emotional stress of fear acqui...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00230100
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::For 1 week, healthy human participants ( n=7) were devoid of normal vision by exposure to prism lenses that optically rotated their perceived world around the line of sight by 180 degrees. Adaptation to such prisms involved sustained and vigorous practice of the ability to redirect the unadapted efferent motor command...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-002-1097-6
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Seizure susceptibility waxes and wanes in an apparently circadian manner in many epileptic patients. Fluctuations of melatonin concentration with highest levels during the night and lowest levels in the early morning could be involved in this phenomenon. Therefore, the action of melatonin on epileptic activity was tes...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00230052
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The activity of subthalamic nucleus neurons related to motor performance was studied in three unrestrained cats operantly conditioned to perform a lever-release movement. The movement was initiated either rapidly after the trigger stimulus (a brief sound) in a simple reaction-time paradigm or after a delay in trials i...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00228095
更新日期:1996-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The acuities of X-cells from the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) were measured in five cats raised with a convergent strabismus, surgically induced by tenotomy. The acuities of cells driven by the strabismic eye were not significantly different from the acuities of cells driven by the non-deviating eye over th...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00250595
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a previous study, we found that haptic guidance from a robotic steering wheel can improve short-term learning of steering of a simulated vehicle, in contrast to several studies of other tasks that had found that the guidance either impairs or does not aid motor learning. In this study, we examined whether haptic gu...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-009-2026-8
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Studies of the effects of physical activity on cognition suggest that aerobic fitness can improve cognitive abilities. However, the physiological mechanisms for the cognitive benefit of aerobic fitness are less well understood. We examined the association between aerobic fitness and cerebrovascular function with neuro...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-018-5230-6
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Studies on grasp control underlying manual dexterity in people with Parkinson disease (PD) suggest that anticipatory grasp control is mainly unaffected during discrete tasks using simple two-digit grasp. Nevertheless, impaired hand function during daily activities is one of the most disabling symptoms of PD. As many d...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-010-2179-5
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Effects of electrical stimulation of the ipsilateral tooth pulp (TP) on C1 spinal neurons were determined in 33 anesthetized rats. One hundred and seven neurons responded to TP stimulation. In 10 rats, the activity of 18 C1 spinal neurons and the amplitude of a digastric electromyogram (dEMG, n = 10) increased proport...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002210050742
更新日期:1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The role of kinaesthetic afferences in controlling coupling of voluntary oscillation of the hand and foot, both in-phase and anti-phase, was investigated by modifying the mechanical properties of one of the two segments (the hand) with applied inertial or elastic loads. Loads consisted of a lead disk, rotating coaxial...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002210100762
更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recordings were made in the peroneal nerve of healthy volunteer subjects from C-mechano-heat (CMH) nociceptors (n=25) with their receptive fields in the skin on the dorsum of the foot. The investigation focused on afferent single C-fiber activity induced by short (200 ms) high-intensity argon-laser light pulses projec...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002210050489
更新日期:1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In order to assess the autoinhibitory control of endogenous acetylcholine (ACh) in rat and human neocortex, slices of these tissues were prelabelled with [(3)H]choline, superfused continuously and stimulated electrically using various frequencies in the presence or absence of drugs. The autoinhibitory feedback control...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002210050858
更新日期:1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three experiments examined interactions between posture control in upright stance and a concurrent location memory task. Healthy young participants stood upright and memorized the locations of dots presented on a computer screen. In the retrieval phase, they indicated whether arrows presented on the screen would pass ...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-011-2970-y
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Following the theoretical notion that tools often extend one's body, in the present study, we investigated whether imitation of hand or tool actions is modulated by effector-specific information. Subjects performed grasping actions toward an object with either a handheld tool or their right hand. Actions were initiate...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-011-2852-3
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Double-labeling combined with elution-restaining immunofluorescence techniques were used to analyze the extent of coexistence among the peptides cholecystokinin (CCK), peptide histidine-isoleucine (PHI)/vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), substance P and the catecholamine-synthesizing enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase ...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00250598
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cerebellum is known to participate in visually guided eye movements. The cerebellar uvula receives projections from pontine nuclei that have been implicated in visual motion processing and the generation of smooth pursuit. Single-unit and lesion studies were conducted to determine how the uvula might further proce...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00241368
更新日期:1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sources of primary afferent depolarization (PAD) of skin afferents in the sural (Sur) nerve and of group-II muscle afferents in the posterior biceps and semitendinosus (PBST) nerve were compared at several sites, about 2 mm apart, within the L7-S2 segments in order to define areas of projection of sacral interneurons ...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002210000429
更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Using near infrared spectroscopy and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), we studied interhemispheric interactions between bilateral motor and sensory cortices in humans. RTMS consisted of a triple-pulse burst (50 Hz) repeated every 200 m for 2 s (10 bursts, 30 pulses); one kind of theta burst TMS (TBS...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-007-0884-5
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::When sight-reading a piece of music the eyes constantly scan the score slightly ahead of music execution. This separation between reading and acting is commonly termed eye-hand span and can be expressed in two ways: as anticipation in notes or in time. Previous research, predominantly in piano players, found skill-dep...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-009-1719-3
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human walking dynamics are typically framed in the context of mechanics and energetics rather than in the context of neuromuscular control. Dynamic walking principles describe one helpful theoretical approach to characterize efficient human walking mechanics over many steps. These principles do not, however, address h...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-013-3708-9
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The contributions of somatosensory, vestibular, and visual feedback to balance control are well documented, but the influence of auditory information, especially acoustic noise, on balance is less clear. Because somatosensory noise has been shown to reduce postural sway, we hypothesized that noise from the auditory mo...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-015-4304-y
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We studied visuomotor processing in the middle (MS) and lateral suprasylvian (LS) cortices of the alert cat by making single cell recordings while the cat was working in a behavioral task requiring visual fixation and visually guided eye movements. We found responses with three different components: visual sensory, sa...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02259125
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is well established that neuronal transmission from the entorhinal cortex through the dentate gyrus via the perforant path is dependent on behavioral state. To further study the modulation of neuronal transmission by behavioral state we employed the paired-pulse technique to study interneuronally-mediated inhibitio...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00249612
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous studies showed that changing forces of gravity as they typically occur during parabolic flights might be responsible for adaptional processes of the CNS. However, until now it has not been differentiated between primary influences of weightlessness and secondary influences due to psycho-physiological factors ...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-007-1187-6
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A preparation is described that permits the monitoring of activity from individual muscle afferent nerve fibres in an intact peripheral nerve in the forelimb of the cat. The nerve is a fine branch of the deep radial that supplies the indicis proprius muscle. When it is freed from nearby tissue over a length of 2-5 cm ...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02454157
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mechanosensation associated with precise orofacial force regulation may contribute considerably to processes associated with perception, proprioception and sensorimotor control due to the direct coupling between orofacial skin and the underlying musculature. Recent investigations have demonstrated that dynamic, low-le...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-003-1541-2
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The intracortical arborizations of thalamocortical fibers arising from the ventroposterolateral (VPL) nucleus in the cat were studied following intra-axonal injections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). The axons were impaled 1.5 to 3 mm below the surface of the cortex, identified electrophysiologically by stimulating t...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00236304
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00