Abstract：
:In order to assess the roles of gene conversion followed by natural selection and balancing selection for point mutations in polymorphisms at major histocompatibility complex (MHC) loci, DNA sequences of several mammalian taxa were analyzed. Synonymous and nonsynonymous diversities were estimated separately for the antigen recognition site (ARS) and the remaining region of class I and class II genes. In some sequence pairs, the number of nonsynonymous substitutions exceeds that of synonymous substitutions at the ARS. This result indicates that some kind of balancing selection for point mutation is operating. In other sequence pairs (particularly of bovine and of rabbit), the number of synonymous substitutions at the ARS exceeds the same number at the remaining region. This result indicates that gene conversion involving a short region followed by natural selection is important. In general, a combination of gene conversion, point mutation, natural selection and random drift is thought to have contributed to polymorphisms.
journal_name
J Mol Evoljournal_title
Journal of molecular evolutionauthors
Ohta Tdoi
10.1007/BF00170662subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1995-08-01 00:00:00pages
115-9issue
2eissn
0022-2844issn
1432-1432journal_volume
41pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Marine mussels of the genus Mytilus have two types of mitochondrial DNA with separate paternal and maternal inheritance. Females are homoplasmic for an F genome that is transmitted to all offspring, whereas males are heteroplasmic for this F genome and for a highly diverged (> 20%) M genome that is transmitted only to...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-003-0019-y
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Seven new Italian and two new British HTLV-II isolates were obtained from injecting drug users and the entire long terminal repeat (LTR) region was sequenced. Restriction analysis showed that all the Italian isolates are of the IIb subtype, whereas the British isolates are of the IIa subtype. To understand whether the...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/pl00006340
更新日期：1998-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Phylogenetic relationships of 25 mammalian species representing 17 of the 18 eutherian orders were examined using DNA sequences from a 1.2-kb region of the 5' end of exon 1 of the single-copy nuclear gene known as interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein (IRBP). A wide variety of methods of analysis of the DNA sequ...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02337352
更新日期：1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study investigated the evolution of a transition metal ion-binding cluster ([H--X--X--X--H](n); Tx) in the alternatively spliced NH(2)-terminal variable region of avian pectoral muscle troponin T (TnT). Encoded by avian fast skeletal muscle TnT-specific P exons, Tx-like structures were expressed in the breast mus...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002390010139
更新日期：2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The mammalian defensin molecule is a short, highly cationic peptide cytotoxic to both microbial and mammalian cells which is cleaved from a precursor including a signal peptide and a highly anionic propiece. A phylogenetic analysis of 28 complete sequences from five mammalian species (mouse, rat, guinea pig, rabbit, a...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/pl00006191
更新日期：1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hydrophobins are small proteins, characterised by the presence of eight positionally conserved cysteine residues, and are present in all filamentous asco- and basidiomycetes. They are found on the outer surfaces of cell walls of hyphae and conidia, where they mediate interactions between the fungus and the environment...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-011-9438-3
更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Eight human short tandem repeat polymorphisms (STRs) also known as microsatellites-DYS19, DYS388, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS389I, and DYS389II, mapping in the Y chromosome-were analyzed in two Iberian samples (Basques and Catalans). Allele frequency distributions showed significant differences only for DYS392...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/pl00006229
更新日期：1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The recent availability of genome sequences of four different Fusarium species offers the opportunity to perform extensive comparative analyses, in particular of repeated sequences. In a recent work, the overall content of such sequences in the genomes of three phylogenetically related Fusarium species, F. graminearum...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-011-9472-1
更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Collagen is an important structural protein and the most abundant protein in mammals. In several research fields, structural analysis of collagens is performed. Fibrillar collagens almost entirely consist of continuous repeats of GXY, where G is glycine, X is often proline or alanine and Y is often hydroxyproline or a...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-018-9844-x
更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The accuracies and efficiencies of three different methods of making phylogenetic trees from gene frequency data were examined by using computer simulation. The methods examined are UPGMA, Farris' (1972) method, and Tateno et al.'s (1982) modified Farris method. In the computer simulation eight species (or populations...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02300753
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The evolution rates of mtDNA in early metazoans hold important implications for DNA barcoding. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of intra- and interspecific COI variabilities in Porifera and Cnidaria (separately as Anthozoa, Hydrozoa, and Scyphozoa) using a data set of 619 sequences from 224 species. We found ...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-008-9069-5
更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study was designed to characterize further the nontranscribed intergenic spacers (NTSs) of the 5S rRNA genes of fish and evaluate this marker as a tool for comparative studies. Two members of the closely related North American Great Lakes cisco species complex (Coregonus artedi and C. zenithicus) were chosen for ...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/pl00006348
更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The stability of helical structures formed by polyuridylic acid with nucleosides and nucleotides derived from adenosine is not significantly affected by replacing hydroxyl groups by hydrogen, amino, or azido functions. Stability is affected by the position of the phosphate group. ...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01738882
更新日期：1976-06-23 00:00:00
abstract：:In vitro run-off transcription by T7 RNA polymerase generates heterogeneous 3'-ends because the enzyme tends to add untemplated adenylates. To generate homogeneous 3'-termini, HDV ribozymes have been used widely. Their sequences are added to the 3'-terminus such that co-transcriptional self-cleavage generates homogene...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-018-9861-9
更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the maximum likelihood (ML) method for estimating a molecular phylogenetic tree, the pattern of nucleotide substitutions for computing likelihood values is assumed to be simpler than that of the actual evolutionary process, simply because the process, considered to be quite devious, is unknown. The problem, however...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02099932
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We propose a genealogy-sampling algorithm, Sequential Markov Ancestral Recombination Tree (SMARTree), that provides an approach to estimation from SNP haplotype data of the patterns of coancestry across a genome segment among a set of homologous chromosomes. To enable analysis across longer segments of genome, the seq...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-014-9620-5
更新日期：2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The DNA sequences of three members of the Alu family of repeated sequences located 5' to the chimpanzee alpha 2 gene have been determined. The base sequences of the three corresponding human Alu family repeats have been previously determined, permitting the comparison of identical Alu family members in human and chimp...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02115687
更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have sequenced the nuclear and mitochondrial small subunit rRNA genes (rns) and the mitochondrial genes coding for subunits 1 and 3 of the cytochrome oxidase (cox1 and cox3, respectively) of the chytridiomycete Allomyces macrogynus. Phylogenetic trees inferred from the derived COX1 and COX3 proteins and the nuclear...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00175824
更新日期：1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This report describes the distribution of P-element sequences among members of the closely related willistoni and saltans species groups of the subgenus Sophophora. Gel-blotting analyses showed that many, but not all, species from each of these groups possess sequences with homology to the P transposable element of Dr...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02099908
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The weight-averaged observed/expected dinucleotide frequencies for the sum total of the coding regions of five Toxoplasma genes were compared with the same parameters previously determined for the coding regions of 21 Plasmodium genes. In addition, codon usage in the five Toxoplasma genes was compared with that in the...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02101892
更新日期：1990-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous studies have revealed a major difference in the phylogenetic structure, extent of genetic diversity, and selection pressure between the surface glycoproteins and internal gene segments of avian influenza viruses (AIV) sampled from wild birds. However, what evolutionary processes are responsible for these stri...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-009-9312-8
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A long-standing hypothesis posits that morphological changes may be more likely to result from changes in regulation of gene expression than from changes in the protein coding sequences of genes. We have compared the expression pattern of the twisted gastrulation (tsg) gene among five Drosophila species: D. melanogast...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/pl00006293
更新日期：1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cytochrome proteins perform a broad spectrum of biological functions ranging from oxidative metabolism to electron transport and are thus essential to all organisms. The b-type cytochrome proteins bind heme noncovalently, are expressed in many different forms and are localized to various cellular compartments. We repo...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00160314
更新日期：1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The simple codominant expression of the alleles at the self-incompatibility locus ( S) of Solanaceae and their extraordinary spectrum of sequence diversity present an ideal case for understanding the molecular forces that shape the sequence polymorphism of genes involved in recognition reactions. Here, with unpreceden...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-001-0080-3
更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Autosomal chorion genes s18, s15, and s19 are shown to diverge at extremely rapid rates in closely related taxa of Hawaiian Drosophila. Their nucleotide divergence rates are at least as fast as those of intergenic regions that are known to evolve more extensively between distantly related species. Their amino acid div...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02106055
更新日期：1990-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Gene duplication creates a second copy of a gene either in tandem to the ancestral locus or dispersed to another chromosomal location. When the ancestral copy of a dispersed duplicate is lost from the genome, it creates the appearance that the gene was "relocated" from the ancestral locus to the derived location. Gene...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-018-9849-5
更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present work represents the first attempt to study in greater detail previously proposed compositional correlations in genomes, based on a body of additional data relating to gene localizations as well as to extended flanking sequences extracted from gene banks. We have investigated the correlations that exist bet...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02102651
更新日期：1991-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The mitochondrial cytochrome b (cyt-b) gene is widely used in systematic studies to resolve divergences at many taxonomic levels. The present study focuses mainly on the utility of cyt-b as a molecular marker for inferring phylogenetic relationship at various levels within the fish family Cichlidae. A total of 78 taxa...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002390010197
更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The neutral theory of molecular evolution states that most mutations are deleterious or neutral. It results that the evolutionary rate of a given position in an alignment is a function of the level of constraint acting on this position. Inferring evolutionary rates from a set of aligned sequences is hence a powerful m...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00239-008-9139-8
更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Friedreich ataxia is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder associated with a GAA repeat expansion in the first intron of the gene (FRDA) encoding a novel, highly conserved, 210 amino acid protein known as frataxin. Normal variation in repeat size was determined by analysis of more than 600 DNA samples from...
journal_title：Journal of molecular evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002390010151
更新日期：2001-03-01 00:00:00
