Abstract:
:Protein-protein interactions allow the retinoid X receptor (RXR) to bind to cognate DNA as a homo- or a heterodimer and to participate in mediating the effects of a variety of hormones on gene transcription. Here we report a systematic study of the oligomeric state of RXR in the absence of a DNA template. We have used electrophoresis under nondenaturing conditions and chemical crosslinking to show that in solution, RXR alpha forms homodimers as well as homotetramers. The dissociation constants governing dimer and tetramer formation were estimated by fluorescence anisotropy studies. The results indicate that RXR tetramers are formed with a high affinity and that at protein concentrations higher than about 70 nM, tetramers will constitute the predominant species. Tetramer formation may provide an additional level of the regulation of gene transcription mediated by RXRs.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Kersten S,Kelleher D,Chambon P,Gronemeyer H,Noy Ndoi
10.1073/pnas.92.19.8645subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1995-09-12 00:00:00pages
8645-9issue
19eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490journal_volume
92pub_type
杂志文章abstract::129/SvEv mice with a loss-of-function mutation in the heterotrimeric G protein α-subunit gene Gnai3 have fusions of ribs and lumbar vertebrae, indicating a requirement for Gα(i) (the "inhibitory" class of α-subunits) in somite derivatives. Mice with mutations of Gnai1 or Gnai2 have neither defect, but loss of both Gna...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1219810110
更新日期:2012-12-26 00:00:00
abstract::Cell cycle checkpoints appear to contribute to an increase in cell survival and a decrease in abnormal heritable genetic changes following exposure to DNA damaging agents. Though several radiation-sensitive yeast mutants have been identified, little is known about the genes that control these responses in mammalian ce...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.89.16.7491
更新日期:1992-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::The identification and targeting of key molecular drivers of melanoma and breast and lung cancer have substantially improved their therapy. However, subtypes of each of these three common, lethal solid tumors lack identified molecular drivers, and are thus not amenable to targeted therapies. Here we show that pleckstr...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1804779115
更新日期:2018-06-19 00:00:00
abstract::The results of physicochemical studies of mammalian metallothioneins are summarized and used to propose a model of the protein. The primary structures of all mammalian metallothioneins are very homologous; there are 38 invariant residues and 20 of them are cysteines. The results of UV and CD optical studies indicated ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.80.6.1501
更新日期:1983-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Targeted ablation of the surfactant protein D (SP-D) gene caused chronic inflammation, emphysema, and fibrosis in the lungs of SP-D (-/-) mice. Although lung morphology was unperturbed during the first 2 weeks of life, airspace enlargement was observed by 3 weeks and progressed with advancing age. Inflammation consist...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.100448997
更新日期:2000-05-23 00:00:00
abstract::Noninvasive prenatal testing using fetal DNA in maternal plasma is an actively researched area. The current generation of tests using massively parallel sequencing is based on counting plasma DNA sequences originating from different genomic regions. In this study, we explored a different approach that is based on the ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1406103111
更新日期:2014-06-10 00:00:00
abstract::Transcriptional repression via methylation of histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27) by the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) is conserved in higher eukaryotes. The Arabidopsis PRC2 controls homeotic gene expression, flowering time, and gene imprinting. Although downstream target genes and the regulatory mechanism of PRC2 ar...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1104232108
更新日期:2011-05-10 00:00:00
abstract::The uterine epithelium of mice and humans undergoes cyclical waves of cell proliferation and differentiation under the regulation of estradiol-17β (E2) and progesterone (P4). These epithelial cells respond to E2 with increased protein and DNA synthesis, whereas P4 inhibits only the E2-induced DNA synthetic response. H...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1418973112
更新日期:2015-03-17 00:00:00
abstract::The functional capacities of CD8(+) T cells important for virus clearance are influenced by interactions with antigen presenting cells (APCs) and CD4(+) T cells during initial selection, subsequent expansion, and development of memory. Recently, investigators have shown that polyfunctional T cells correlate best with ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0915168107
更新日期:2010-02-23 00:00:00
abstract::Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) receptor controls a pathway supporting the differentiation and survival of a wide range of neural cell types during development and in adulthood. Cardiotrophin-like cytokine (CLC)-cytokine-like factor 1 (CLF) composite cytokine is a second ligand for the CNTF alpha-component receptor...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0509598103
更新日期:2006-06-27 00:00:00
abstract::By using a mixture of synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleotides as a probe, cloned cDNA sequences specific for low molecular weight (LMW) kininogen have been isolated from a cDNA library of bovine liver mRNA sequences. Nucleotide sequence analyses of cloned cDNA inserts have revealed that bovine liver LMW kininogens are enc...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.80.1.90
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Memory formation requires the placement of experienced events in the same order in which they appeared. A large body of evidence from human studies indicates that structures in the medial temporal lobe are critically involved in forming and maintaining such memories, and complementing evidence from lesion and electrop...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0910834107
更新日期:2010-03-30 00:00:00
abstract::The Hawaiian honeycreepers (Drepanidae) represent a superb illustration of evolutionary radiation, with a single colonization event giving rise to 19 extant and at least 10 extinct species [Curnutt, J. & Pimm, S. (2001) Stud. Avian Biol. 22, 15-30]. They also represent a dramatic example of anthropogenic extinction. C...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.162372399
更新日期:2002-10-29 00:00:00
abstract::To assess the contribution to immunoglobulin heavy chain diversity made by recombination between variable region (VH) genes and joining region (JH) genes, we have determined the sequence of about 2000 nucleotides spanning the rearranged JH gene cluster associated with the VH gene expressed in plasmacytoma HPC76. The a...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.78.1.509
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The history of the development of the Chandra X-Ray Observatory is reviewed from a personal perspective. This review is necessarily biased and limited by space because it attempts to cover a time span approaching five decades. ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0913067107
更新日期:2010-04-20 00:00:00
abstract::We synthesized a series of octapeptide analogs of somatostatin, containing N-terminal tryptophan or another amino acid followed by the hexapeptide sequences Cys-Phe-D-Trp-Lys-Thr-Cys or Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Lys-Val-Cys and a C-terminal threoninamide or tryptophanamide. After purification by HPLC, the inhibitory activities of...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.84.8.2502
更新日期:1987-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Effects of opiate receptor antagonists on centrally mediated cardiovascular responses to clonidine and beta-endorphin were studied in urethane-anesthetized spontaneously hypertensive Okamoto-Aoki rats (SHR), normotensive Sprague-Dawley rats, and Sprague-Dawley rats made hypertensive with deoxycorticosterone pivalate/s...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.84.23.8637
更新日期:1987-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Methane is a major greenhouse gas linked to global warming; however, patterns of in situ methane oxidation by methane-oxidizing bacteria (methanotrophs), nature's main biological mechanism for methane suppression, are often inconsistent with laboratory predictions. For example, one would expect a strong relationship b...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0702879104
更新日期:2007-07-17 00:00:00
abstract::Mixed synthetic oligonucleotides encoding sequences conserved among tyrosine-specific protein kinases were used to probe the genome of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Two genes with homology to protein kinases were isolated and characterized by DNA sequence analysis. These genes, designated KIN1 and KIN2, ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.84.17.6035
更新日期:1987-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Biological organisms have evolved a wide range of immune mechanisms to defend themselves against pathogens. Beyond molecular details, these mechanisms differ in how protection is acquired, processed, and passed on to subsequent generations-differences that may be essential to long-term survival. Here, we introduce a m...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1600663113
更新日期:2016-08-02 00:00:00
abstract::A robust body of evidence supports the concept that phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) activity in the basal ganglia orchestrates the control of coordinated movement in human subjects. Although human mutations in the PDE10A gene manifest in hyperkinetic movement disorders that phenocopy many features of early Huntington's...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1916398117
更新日期:2020-01-07 00:00:00
abstract::Laser-induced fluorescence at 337-nm excitation was used in vivo to differentiate neoplastic [cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)], nonneoplastic abnormal (inflammation and human papilloma viral infection), and normal cervical tissues. A colposcope (low-magnification microscope used to view the cervix with reflec...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.91.21.10193
更新日期:1994-10-11 00:00:00
abstract::We describe five individuals who have constitutional deletions of the short arm of one chromosome 11, including all or part of the band p13. All of these individuals suffer from aniridia; two have had a Wilms tumor removed. We have established lymphoblastoid cell lines from these and in three cases constructed somatic...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.82.24.8592
更新日期:1985-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The DnaE intein in Synechocystis sp. strain PCC6803 is the first and only naturally split intein that has been identified so far. It is capable of catalyzing a protein trans-splicing mechanism to assemble a mature protein from two separate precursors. Therefore, it is a powerful tool for protein modification and engin...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0635899100
更新日期:2003-03-18 00:00:00
abstract::Legumes were among the first plant species to be domesticated, and accompanied cereals in expansion of agriculture from the Fertile Crescent into diverse environments across the Mediterranean basin, Europe, Central Asia, and the Indian subcontinent. Although several recent studies have outlined the molecular basis for...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1207943110
更新日期:2012-12-18 00:00:00
abstract::The voltage-sensor domain (VSD) of voltage-dependent ion channels and enzymes is critical for cellular responses to membrane potential. The VSD can also be regulated by interaction with intracellular proteins and ligands, but how this occurs is poorly understood. Here, we show that the VSD of the BK-type K(+) channel ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0705873104
更新日期:2007-11-13 00:00:00
abstract::The transcription factor NFAT5/TonEBP, a member of the NFAT/Rel family of transcription factors, has been implicated in diverse cellular responses, including the response to osmotic stress, integrin-dependent cell migration, T cell activation, and the Ras pathway in Drosophila. To clarify the in vivo role of NFAT5, we...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0308703100
更新日期:2004-02-24 00:00:00
abstract::In flowering plants, extensive male-female interactions are required for successful fertilization in which various signaling cascades are involved. Prevacuolar compartments (PVC) and vacuoles are two types of subcellular compartments that terminate signal transduction by sequestrating signaling molecules in yeast and ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1602757113
更新日期:2016-05-31 00:00:00
abstract::Development of the vertebrate eye has been found to require the activity of several genes encoding homeodomain proteins (Freund, C., Horsford, D. J. & McInnes, R. R. (1996) Hum. Mol. Genet. 5, 1471-1488). Some of these genes, or portions thereof, are highly conserved across phyla. In this paper, we report the identifi...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.94.7.3088
更新日期:1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A common design principle of heteromeric signaling proteins is the use of shared subunits. This allows encoding of complex messages while maintaining evolutionary flexibility. How cells regulate and control assembly of such composite signaling proteins remains an important open question. An example of particular compl...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1816698116
更新日期:2019-01-29 00:00:00