Abstract:
:Interleukin 2 (IL-2) is a potent growth factor for T lymphocytes, playing a crucial role in the immune response. In view of the considerable evidence that the immunoregulatory cytokines (or lymphokines) also play a role in the growth and differentiation of cells in the central nervous system (CNS), we examined the operation of the IL-2 system in a cell line of CNS origin by expressing a cDNA encoding the beta chain of the human IL-2 receptor (IL-2R beta, a 75-kDa protein). When the cDNA was expressed in a human oligodendroglioma cell line, ONS-21, the IL-2R beta bound IL-2 with an affinity similar to that in lymphoid cells (Kd, approximately 2 nM). Furthermore, cell proliferation ([3H]thymidine incorporation) was stimulated by IL-2. These results demonstrate that the same cytokine receptor is functional in cells of the immune system and CNS and point to a molecular mechanism that is similar for growth-signal transduction between lymphoid and neural cells but that may be different in other cells, such as fibroblasts.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Okamoto Y,Minamoto S,Shimizu K,Mogami H,Taniguchi Tdoi
10.1073/pnas.87.17.6584subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1990-09-01 00:00:00pages
6584-8issue
17eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490journal_volume
87pub_type
杂志文章abstract::We examined the origins and functional evolution of the Shaker and KCNQ families of voltage-gated K(+) channels to better understand how neuronal excitability evolved. In bilaterians, the Shaker family consists of four functionally distinct gene families (Shaker, Shab, Shal, and Shaw) that share a subunit structure co...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1422941112
更新日期:2015-03-03 00:00:00
abstract::Proteins fold through a variety of mechanisms. For a given protein, folding routes largely depend on the protein's stability and its native-state geometry, because the landscape is funneled. These ideas are corroborated for cytochrome c by using a coarse-grained topology-based model with a perfect funnel landscape tha...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0505274102
更新日期:2005-08-30 00:00:00
abstract::Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latent infection membrane protein 1 (LMP1)-induced NF-kappaB activation is important for infected cell survival. LMP1 activates NF-kappaB, in part, by engaging tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factors (TRAFs), which also mediate NF-kappaB activation from LTbetaR and CD40. LTbeta...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.2237183100
更新日期:2004-01-06 00:00:00
abstract::An in vitro system [Weil, P. A., Luse, D. S., Segall, J. & Roeder, R. G. (1979) Cell 18, 469-484 and Manley, J. L., Fire, A., Cano, A., Sharp, P. A. & Gefter, M. L., (1980) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci USA 77, 3855-3859] was adapted for studying initiation of transcription of the ovalbumin gene. The DNA template was a cloned...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.78.2.879
更新日期:1981-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The inference of the evolutionary history of a set of languages is a complex problem. Although some languages are known to be related through descent from common ancestral languages, for other languages determining whether such a relationship holds is itself a difficult problem. In this paper we report on new methods,...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.94.13.6585
更新日期:1997-06-24 00:00:00
abstract::p97/VCP (Cdc48 in yeast) is an essential and abundant member of the AAA+ family of ATPases and is involved in a number of diverse cellular pathways through interactions with different adaptor proteins. The two most characterized adaptors for p97 are p47 and the Ufd1 (ubiquitin fusion degradation 1)-Npl4 (nuclear prote...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0603408104
更新日期:2007-01-09 00:00:00
abstract::Aquaporin (AQP) 4 is the predominant water channel in the mammalian brain, abundantly expressed in the blood-brain and brain-cerebrospinal fluid interfaces of glial cells. Its function in cerebral water balance has implications in neuropathological disorders, including brain edema, stroke, and head injuries. The 1.8-A...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0902725106
更新日期:2009-05-05 00:00:00
abstract::Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by impaired social interactions and communication. The pathogenesis of ASD is not known, but it involves activation of microglia. We had shown that the peptide neurotensin (NT) is increased in the serum of children with ASD and stimulates cultured adult human microglia t...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.2004666117
更新日期:2020-07-14 00:00:00
abstract::Decisions always involve both facts and values, whereas most science communication focuses only on facts. If science communication is intended to inform decisions, it must be competent with regard to both facts and values. Public participation inevitably involves both facts and values. Research on public participation...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1212740110
更新日期:2013-08-20 00:00:00
abstract::Maintenance of genome stability is carried out by a suite of DNA repair pathways that ensure the repair of damaged DNA and faithful replication of the genome. Of particular importance are the repair pathways, which respond to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), and how the efficiency of repair is influenced by sequence h...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1507833112
更新日期:2015-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::Large mandibular defects are clinically challenging to reconstruct due to the complex anatomy of the jaw and the limited availability of appropriate tissue for repair. We envision leveraging current advances in fabrication and biomaterials to create implantable devices that generate bone within the patients themselves...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1819246116
更新日期:2019-04-02 00:00:00
abstract::In many cell-signaling pathways, information is transmitted by the diffusion of messenger molecules. Diffusion coefficients characterize the messenger's spatial range and the characteristic times of signal propagation. Inside cells, particles usually diffuse in the presence of immobile binding sites (or traps). It is ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0509576103
更新日期:2006-04-04 00:00:00
abstract::Although normal fatty acids (FAs) are degraded via β-oxidation, unusual FAs such as 2-hydroxy (2-OH) FAs and 3-methyl-branched FAs are degraded via α-oxidation. Phytosphingosine (PHS) is one of the long-chain bases (the sphingolipid components) and exists in specific tissues, including the epidermis and small intestin...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1700138114
更新日期:2017-03-28 00:00:00
abstract::Theoretical distributions of genetic distance between reproductively isolated taxa are derived by means of computer simulation, taking into account mutation and random genetic drift. The distributions obtained are in good agreement with the observed distributions of interracial and interspecific genetic distances for ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.72.7.2758
更新日期:1975-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Persisting (P) cells (murine cells that resemble mast cells and grow continuously in vitro for prolonged periods in the presence of a specific growth factor) did not express detectable levels of Ia antigens (murine class II major histocompatibility antigens) when their growth was supported by partially purified P cell...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.79.22.6989
更新日期:1982-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Low-frequency thalamocortical oscillations that underlie drowsiness and slow-wave sleep depend on rhythmic inhibition of relay cells by neurons in the reticular nucleus (RTN) under the influence of corticothalamic fibers that branch to innervate RTN neurons and relay neurons. To generate oscillations, input to RTN pre...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.061013698
更新日期:2001-03-27 00:00:00
abstract::A typical molecular ion mass spectrum consists of a sum of signals from species of various possible isotopic compositions. Only the monoisotopic peak (e.g., all carbons are 12C; all nitrogens are 14N, etc.) has a unique elemental composition. Every other isotope peak at approximately integer multiples of approximately...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.95.20.11532
更新日期:1998-09-29 00:00:00
abstract::Alveolar type II (AT2) cell dysfunction contributes to a number of significant human pathologies including respiratory distress syndrome, lung adenocarcinoma, and debilitating fibrotic diseases, but the critical transcription factors that maintain AT2 cell identity are unknown. Here we show that the E26 transformation...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1621177114
更新日期:2017-04-11 00:00:00
abstract::Cry proteins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis are selective biodegradable insecticides used increasingly in bacterial insecticides and transgenic plants as alternatives to synthetic chemical insecticides. However, the potential for development of resistance and cross-resistance in target insect populations to Cry pr...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.94.20.10536
更新日期:1997-09-30 00:00:00
abstract::Most HLA haplotypes carry two expressed DR beta-chain genes; in the DR4 haplotype, the polymorphic locus has been called DR beta 1 and the apparently nonpolymorphic locus has been called DR beta 2. We have isolated nearly full-length DR beta-chain cDNA clones representing each of these two loci from a cell line homozy...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.84.1.209
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tracheal antimicrobial peptide (TAP) is a member of the beta-defensin family of antibiotic peptides found in the tracheal mucosa of the cow. TAP gene expression in the bovine airway is inducible by lipopolysaccharide and inflammatory mediators, suggesting that it functions to protect the upper airway from infection. L...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.93.24.14118
更新日期:1996-11-26 00:00:00
abstract::Two operators, spatially separated from each other and from the promoters, repress the gal operon when bound to Gal repressor. Conversion of either gal operator to a lac operator results in derepression, although both Gal and Lac repressors are present, suggesting that mere occupation of operator sites is not sufficie...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.85.24.9683
更新日期:1988-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cytoskeleton provides structural integrity to cells and serves as a key component in mechanotransduction. Tensins are thought to provide a force-bearing linkage between integrins and the actin cytoskeleton; yet, direct evidence of tensin's role in mechanotransduction is lacking. We here report that local force app...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1911865116
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::One of the major surprises of the molecular analysis of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes is the large number of class I (K/D)-related sequences in the genome. Both restriction fragment length polymorphisms and cosmid cloning experiments showed them all to be closely linked to the MHC. Until now little info...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.82.16.5505
更新日期:1985-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Delta 5-3-Ketosteroid isomerase (EC 5.3.3.1) promotes an allylic rearrangement involving intramolecular proton transfer via a dienolic intermediate. This enzyme enhances the catalytic rate by a factor of 10(10). Two residues, Tyr-14, the general acid that polarizes the steroid 3-carbonyl group and facilitates enolizat...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.93.16.8220
更新日期:1996-08-06 00:00:00
abstract::Combinatorial transcription codes generate the myriad of cell types during development and thus likely provide crucial insights into directed differentiation of stem cells to a specific cell type. The LIM complex composed of Isl1 and Lhx3 directs the specification of spinal motor neurons (MNs) in embryos. Here, we rep...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1114515109
更新日期:2012-02-28 00:00:00
abstract::By using a structure-based computer-assisted search, we have found a butyrophenone derivative that is a selective inhibitor of the human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) protease. The computer program creates a negative image of the active site cavity using the crystal structure of the HIV-1 protease. This image was c...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.87.17.6644
更新日期:1990-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::IL-17-producing CD4(+) T helper (Th17) cells have recently been defined as a unique subset of proinflammatory helper cells whose development depends on signaling initiated by IL-6 and TGF-beta, autocrine activity of IL-21, activation of STAT3, and induction of the orphan nuclear receptor RORgammat. The maintenance, ex...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0900408106
更新日期:2009-03-24 00:00:00
abstract::We present here direct evidence for the preservation of a transcriptional initiation sequence in a eukaryotic rRNA precursor: the 5'-end group for precursor to 17S rRNA (p17S RNA) from Dictyostelium discoideum is identified as the triphosphate residue pppA-. We also show that mature 5S RNA form Dictyostelium bears a d...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.75.2.740
更新日期:1978-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The gene V protein of bacteriophage f1 is a single-stranded DNA and RNA-binding protein composed of two identical subunits. We have constructed single-chain variants of the protein using short peptide linkers of five or six amino acids to connect the carboxyl terminus of one monomer to the amino terminus of the second...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.90.15.7010
更新日期:1993-08-01 00:00:00