Abstract:
:The detection of horizontal disparities between the right and left retinal images is accepted as an important component in the visual perception of depth. It has occasionally been pointed out that a disparity will also occur in the vertical when a target is nearer to one eye than the other and could be used as a second component. Here it is shown that while it is possible to detect size differences between the retinal images in the vertical direction, the sensitivity is at least one order of magnitude less than the horizontal differences. It had been generally accepted that vertical disparities cannot be detected (literature summarized by Tschermak), but there are clear reports of the ability of subjects to respond to relative differences in the vertical magnification of the images of the two eyes, the so-called induced size effect. It manifests itself in the appearance of a visual scene as if there had been an opposite horizontal magnification and is, therefore, in the correct direction if it is to be utilized in asymmetrical convergence.
journal_name
Naturejournal_title
Natureauthors
Westheimer Gdoi
10.1038/307632a0subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1984-02-16 00:00:00pages
632-4issue
5952eissn
0028-0836issn
1476-4687journal_volume
307pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
NATURE文献大全abstract::Retinoic acid may be the natural morphogen used to generate digit pattern in the chick limb bud. It has been proposed that retinoic acid acts by binding to a cellular retinoic acid-binding protein (CRABP) and then entering the nucleus to alter the pattern of gene activity. High-affinity receptors that bind both retino...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/335733a0
更新日期:1988-10-20 00:00:00
abstract::Estimates of the total number of bacterial species indicate that existing DNA sequence databases carry only a tiny fraction of the total amount of DNA sequence space represented by this division of life. Indeed, environmental DNA samples have been shown to encode many previously unknown classes of proteins and RNAs. B...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature08586
更新日期:2009-12-03 00:00:00
abstract::Post-transcriptional gene regulation frequently occurs through elements in mRNA 3' untranslated regions (UTRs). Although crucial roles for 3'UTR-mediated gene regulation have been found in Caenorhabditis elegans, most C. elegans genes have lacked annotated 3'UTRs. Here we describe a high-throughput method for reliable...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature09616
更新日期:2011-01-06 00:00:00
abstract:: ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 新闻
doi:10.1038/d41586-018-07356-3
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/nature22062. ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature24276
更新日期:2017-10-26 00:00:00
abstract::Acyl carrier protein (ACP) transports the growing fatty acid chain between enzymatic domains of fatty acid synthase (FAS) during biosynthesis. Because FAS enzymes operate on ACP-bound acyl groups, ACP must stabilize and transport the growing lipid chain. ACPs have a central role in transporting starting materials and ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature12810
更新日期:2014-01-16 00:00:00
abstract::Here we describe the LifeTime Initiative, which aims to track, understand and target human cells during the onset and progression of complex diseases, and to analyse their response to therapy at single-cell resolution. This mission will be implemented through the development, integration and application of single-cell...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2715-9
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The nature of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) at energies >10(20) eV remains a mystery. They are likely to be of extragalactic origin, but should be absorbed within approximately 50 Mpc through interactions with the cosmic microwave background. As there are no sufficiently powerful accelerators within this dista...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature03614
更新日期:2005-05-19 00:00:00
abstract::Foreign protein antigens must be broken down within endosomes or lysosomes to generate suitable peptides that will form complexes with class II major histocompatibility complex molecules for presentation to T cells. However, it is not known which proteases are required for antigen processing. To investigate this, we e...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/25379
更新日期:1998-12-17 00:00:00
abstract::Sudden cardiac death is the leading cause of death in the industrialized world, with the majority of such tragedies being due to ventricular fibrillation. Ventricular fibrillation is a frenzied and irregular disturbance of the heart rhythm that quickly renders the heart incapable of sustaining life. Rotors, electrophy...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/32170
更新日期:1998-03-05 00:00:00
abstract::Spectacular fossils from the Early Cretaceous Jehol Group of northeastern China have greatly expanded our knowledge of the diversity and palaeobiology of dinosaurs and early birds, and contributed to our understanding of the origin of birds, of flight, and of feathers. Pennaceous (vaned) feathers and integumentary fil...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature08740
更新日期:2010-02-25 00:00:00
abstract::Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are cell-surface molecules that transduce signals for cell growth and differentiation. The RTK encoded by the c-ret proto-oncogene is rearranged and constitutively activated in a large proportion of thyroid papillary carcinomas, and germ-line point mutations in c-ret seem to be respons...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/367380a0
更新日期:1994-01-27 00:00:00
abstract::Inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (InsP(3)Rs) and ryanodine receptors (RyRs) are tetrameric intracellular Ca(2+) channels. In each of these receptor families, the pore, which is formed by carboxy-terminal transmembrane domains, is regulated by signals that are detected by large cytosolic structures. InsP(3)R gati...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature10751
更新日期:2012-01-29 00:00:00
abstract::The tumour suppressor p53 is required to induce programmed cell death (apoptosis) by DNA-damaging agents. As p53 is a transcriptional activator that mediates gene induction after DNA damage, it has been proposed to be a genetic switch that activates apoptosis-mediator genes. Here we evaluate the role of p53 in DNA-dam...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/370220a0
更新日期:1994-07-21 00:00:00
abstract::Topological insulators-materials that are insulating in the bulk but allow electrons to flow on their surface-are striking examples of materials in which topological invariants are manifested in robustness against perturbations such as defects and disorder1. Their most prominent feature is the emergence of edge states...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0601-5
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been associated with more than 780,000 deaths worldwide (as of 20 August 2020). To develop antiviral interventions quickly, drugs used for the treatment of unrelated diseases are curre...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2575-3
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Change history: In this Letter, the received date should be 20 December 2017, instead of 27 April 2018. This has been corrected online. ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章,已发布勘误
doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0314-9
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The amplitude and frequency of laser light can be routinely measured and controlled on a femtosecond (10(-15) s) timescale. However, in pulses comprising just a few wave cycles, the amplitude envelope and carrier frequency are not sufficient to characterize and control laser radiation, because evolution of the light f...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature01414
更新日期:2003-02-06 00:00:00
abstract::The embryos and larvae of stalked crinoids, which are considered the most basal group of extant echinoderms, have not previously been described. In contrast, much is known about the development of the more accessible stalkless crinoids (feather stars), which are phylogenetically derived from stalked forms. Here we des...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature01236
更新日期:2003-01-09 00:00:00
abstract::Direct lineage reprogramming represents a remarkable conversion of cellular and transcriptome states. However, the intermediate stages through which individual cells progress during reprogramming are largely undefined. Here we use single-cell RNA sequencing at multiple time points to dissect direct reprogramming from ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature18323
更新日期:2016-06-16 00:00:00
abstract::High-coverage whole-genome sequence studies have so far focused on a limited number of geographically restricted populations, or been targeted at specific diseases, such as cancer. Nevertheless, the availability of high-resolution genomic data has led to the development of new methodologies for inferring population hi...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature19792
更新日期:2016-10-13 00:00:00
abstract::Protein G is a cell-surface protein from Streptococcus which binds to IgG molecules from a wide range of species with an affinity comparable to that of antigen. The high affinity of protein G for the Fab portion of IgG poses a particular challenge in molecular recognition, given the variability of heavy chain subclass...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/359752a0
更新日期:1992-10-22 00:00:00
abstract::The retina in most mammals contains two types of macroglial cells--Müller cells, which span the entire thickness of the retina, and astrocytes, which are mainly confined to the nerve fibre layer. Whereas Müller cells are diffusely distributed in all vertebrate retinae, the presence and distribution of retinal astrocyt...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/332834a0
更新日期:1988-04-28 00:00:00
abstract::Observations of galaxies and primordial radiation suggest that the Universe is made mostly of non-luminous dark matter1,2. Several new types of fundamental particle have been proposed as candidates for dark matter3, such as weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs)4,5. These particles would be expected to interact ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0739-1
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Therapeutic antibodies that block the programmed death-1 (PD-1)-programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) pathway can induce robust and durable responses in patients with various cancers, including metastatic urothelial cancer. However, these responses only occur in a subset of patients. Elucidating the determinants of respon...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature25501
更新日期:2018-02-22 00:00:00
abstract:: ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 评论,新闻
doi:10.1038/d41586-018-07193-4
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The U6 small nuclear (sn)RNA gene (SNR6) from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is transcribed by RNA polymerase III in vivo. This gene is unusual in having a TATA box at position -30, and an essential B-block element located downstream of the T-rich termination signal. The B block is one of the two intragenic promot...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/362475a0
更新日期:1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::During animal development, cells have to respond appropriately to localized secreted signals. Proper responses to Hedgehog, transforming growth factor-beta, epidermal growth factor and fibroblast growth factor/Ras signals require cognate inducible antagonists such as Patched, Dad, Argos and Sprouty. Wnt signals are cr...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/35001615
更新日期:2000-02-17 00:00:00
abstract::A family of G-protein-coupled chemoattractant receptors is known to mediate the transport and activation of neutrophils and macrophages This family includes receptors for chemokines, such as interleukin-8, bacterial formylated peptides, platelet-activating factor, leukotriene B4, and the complement anaphylatoxins. The...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/383086a0
更新日期:1996-09-05 00:00:00
abstract::Heat is fundamental to power generation and many industrial processes, and is most useful at high temperatures because it can be converted more efficiently to other types of energy. However, efficient transportation, storage and conversion of heat at extreme temperatures (more than about 1,300 kelvin) is impractical f...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature24054
更新日期:2017-10-11 00:00:00