Abstract：
:The threshold current required for the excitation of visual cortex neurons in the vicinity (approximately 1 mm) of an intracortical stimulating electrode was measured as a function of the stimulus pulse duration in the anesthetized cat. For cortical neurons with latencies of activation from 0.4 to 3.4 ms and for stimulus pulse durations from 0.02 to 0.7 ms, the threshold current for all neurons tested decreased in an exponential fashion as the pulse width was increased. Rheobase current values (ampere-threshold) were 1.2 to 516 muA (mean 160 +/- 24 muA, N = 24) and chronaxie values were 0.07 to 0.79 ms (mean 0.217 +/- 0.036 ms, N = 24). When the quantity of charge required for neuronal excitation was calculated, a quasilinear relationship was found between threshold charge and stimulus pulse width. The minimum threshold charge (coulomb-threshold) occurred for the briefest pulse widths tested and were 2 to 86 nC (mean 36.4 +/- 4.4 nC, N = 24). When the pulse energy index was calculated (threshold current squared multiplied by the pulse width), the minimum pulse energy capable of generating an evoked response (a single action potential) occurred when the pulse width was approximately 80% greater than the chronaxie. These studies demonstrate that the predictions derived from A. V. Hill's classical theory of nerve excitation are to a first approximation obeyed by visual cortex neurons. For the three parameters analyzed as a function of stimulus pulse width, the pulse current is minimized at long pulse durations, the pulse charge is minimized at short pulse durations, and the pulse energy is minimized at pulse widths of intermediate value.
journal_name
Exp Neuroljournal_title
Experimental neurologyauthors
Ronner SF,Lee BGdoi
10.1016/0014-4886(83)90270-4subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1983-08-01 00:00:00pages
376-95issue
2eissn
0014-4886issn
1090-2430pii
0014-4886(83)90270-4journal_volume
81pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The distribution and relative intrafascicular contribution of myelin fibers derived from spinal segments L-4 to L-6 were analyzed in adult rat sciatic nerve and its main branches, using 200-kDa neurofilament subunit immunodetection in previously injured nerve sections in the L-4 or L-5 spinal branch or both. These bra...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/exnr.2001.7806
更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper reports that endolymphatic hydrops causes a significant reduction of retrogradely labeled cell bodies of the ipsilateral trigeminal ganglion following application of horseradish peroxidase in the cochlea. We previously showed that the trigeminal ganglion is a source of primary sensory innervation to the coc...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/exnr.1998.6813
更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We recently reported structural changes in nodes of Ranvier of frog dorsal roots that are associated with activation at 20 or 50 Hz for 15 min. The structural effects co-occur with alterations in the latency, amplitude, and waveform of the compound action potential. The alterations in nodal morphology include formatio...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-4886(88)90067-2
更新日期：1988-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study of medial gastrocnemius (MG) muscle and motor units (MUs) after spinal cord hemisection and deafferentation (HSDA) in adult cats, asked 1) whether the absence of muscle atrophy and unaltered contractile speed demonstrated previously in HSDA-paralyzed peroneus longus (PerL) muscles, was apparent in the unloa...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113201
更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:After spinal cord injury at birth, axotomized brainstem-spinal and corticospinal neurons are capable of permanent regenerative axonal growth into and through a fetal spinal cord transplant placed into the site of either a spinal cord hemisection or transection. In contrast, if fetal tissue which is not a normal target...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/exnr.1997.6632
更新日期：1997-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A host protein encoded by the gene specifying the scrapie amyloid precursor affects pathogenesis of the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker's syndrome (GSS), and kuru in man, and scrapie in animals. We found a mutation in this gene of two patients ...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-4886(89)90095-2
更新日期：1989-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Caspases are cysteine proteases involved in apoptotic cell death, and pharmacological caspase inhibition has been demonstrated to prevent neuronal cell death in certain experimental paradigms. In this study, the role of caspase-1 and -3 in the death of dopaminergic neurons derived from the E14 rat ventral mesencephalo...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/exnr.2001.7749
更新日期：2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Peripheral nerve grafts (PNG) into the rat spinal cord support axon regeneration after acute or chronic injury, with synaptic reconnection across the lesion site and some level of behavioral recovery. Here, we grafted a peripheral nerve into the injured spinal cord of cats as a preclinical treatment approach to promot...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.expneurol.2010.06.011
更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article reviews stem cell-based strategies for spinal cord injury repair, and practical issues concerning their translation to the clinic. Recent progress in the stem cell field includes clinically compliant culture conditions and directed differentiation of both embryonic stem cells and somatic stem cells. We pr...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.expneurol.2007.09.002
更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Several independent lines of research suggest that disruption of the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) may play a role in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease. Direct intracerebral injection of UPS inhibitors (e.g. lactacystin) in animals has consistently produced important features of the disease. In this study...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.expneurol.2013.03.021
更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The influence that the amygdala may exert on the development of hippocampal kindling was investigated using three different approaches: (i) after uni- or bilateral amygdalectomy by thermocoagulation, (ii) after prestimulation of the amygdala until the appearance of masticatory movements, and (iii) after increasing the...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-4886(83)90416-8
更新日期：1983-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Increased intercellular coupling has been implicated in contributing to the synchronization of discharges characteristic of epileptic foci. Using RNA blot analysis, the level of mRNA for the heart-type gap junction protein, connexin43, is shown to be elevated in samples of temporal lobe neocortex obtained at the time ...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-4886(91)90007-y
更新日期：1991-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of proximal nerve crush on regeneration after unrepaired nerve transection was studied in feline cutaneous nerves. Delays between the initial transection and the subsequent nerve crush varied between 0 (immediate crush) and 13 months. A survival time of 6 to 12 months after the crush was allowed for regener...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-4886(85)90194-3
更新日期：1985-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The question of whether or not the development of dystrophic muscles is similar to that of normal muscles, prior to the manifestations of the symptoms of the disease, is investigated here. The developmental change in the activity of succinate dehydrogenase was therefore measured in individual fibers of prospectively d...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-4886(87)90020-3
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hemiparkinson-hemiatrophy syndrome (HP-HA) is associated with skeletal hemiatrophy and the later development of parkinsonism. It is generally assumed that this phenotype is due to the combination of dysfunction of the basal ganglia (e.g., substantia nigra compacta and/or other related structures), causing parkinsonism...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/exnr.2002.8005
更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The axonal trajectories of inspiratory bulbospinal neurons were examined after deposition of the anterograde neuronal tracer phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHA-L) into the rostral ventral respiratory group in rats. At the level of the phrenic nucleus, PHA-L-labeled bulbospinal axons crossed the midline of the spi...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-4886(91)90061-g
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous research has shown that Purinergic 2X7 receptor (P2X7R) and NLRP3 inflammasome contribute to the inflammatory activation. In this study, we investigated whether P2X7R/NLRP3 pathway is involved in the caspase-3 dependent neuronal apoptosis after ischemic stroke by using a focal cortex ischemic stroke model. Th...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.03.002
更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to brain exchange has been postulated for lipid-soluble and small molecular substances and has led to nearly 100 attempts per year to produce central effects via intrathecal injections. With few exceptions, however, modern neurological practice has avoided this approach because of its demon...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-4886(84)90192-4
更新日期：1984-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Phenytoin is known to reduce neural overactivity (pseudomyotonia) affecting the hind limb musculature in C57B1/6J dystrophic (dy2J/dy2J) mice. This study reports a change in the metabolic profile of superficial gastrocnemius muscle fibers from dy2J/dy2J animals after chronic phenytoin treatment. The superficial gastro...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-4886(84)90011-6
更新日期：1984-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:While past neuroimaging methods have contributed greatly to our understanding of brain function after traumatic brain injury (TBI), resting state functional MRI (rsfMRI) connectivity methods have more recently provided a far more unbiased approach with which to monitor brain circuitry compared to task-based approaches...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.expneurol.2015.12.020
更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Functional regeneration of brainstem-spinal pathways occurs in the developing chick when the spinal cord is severed prior to embryonic day (E) 13. Functional spinal cord regeneration is not observed in animals injured after E13. This developmental transition from a permissive to a restrictive repair period may be due ...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/exnr.2000.7496
更新日期：2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pompe disease is an inherited disorder due to a mutation in the gene that encodes acid α-glucosidase (GAA). Children with infantile-onset Pompe disease develop progressive hypotonic weakness and cardiopulmonary insufficiency that may eventually require mechanical ventilation (MV). Our team conducted a first in human t...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.07.013
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Extracellular single-unit responses of neurons in the ipsilateral pulvinar-lateral posterior complex were recorded in 10 encéphale isolé cats with stimulating electrodes implanted in the substantia nigra pars reticulata and pars lateralis. Fifteen percent of 101 pulvinar-lateral posterior complex thalamic neurons incr...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-4886(88)90167-7
更新日期：1988-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Synemin (Syn) is an intermediate filament (IF) protein. To gain insight into a morphogenetic role of Syn, we have studied its expression patterns in the developing human retina and lens and compared it with those of other IF proteins. In addition, we have tested Syn expression in fetuses (23 and 28 weeks) affected by ...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0014-4886(03)00240-1
更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study was carried out to determine if augmentation of phrenic nerve activity during the crossed phrenic phenomenon temporally coincides with the morphological changes in the phrenic nucleus that we have observed in previous studies. This investigation consisted of two experiments in spinal cord hemisected ...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-4886(91)90012-2
更新日期：1991-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fish optic nerve sections were recently shown to be nonpermissive to growth of adult retinal axons. In addition, fish optic nerve myelin was found to inhibit growth of adult retinal axons and this inhibition was neutralized by IN-1 antibodies (known to block rat myelin-associated inhibitors). In this study we examined...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/exnr.1994.1221
更新日期：1994-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:At the age of 31 days, Long-Evans female rats received electrolytic lesions either of the medial fimbria (N = 24), of the dorsal subcallosal fornix (N = 24), or of both structures (N = 24). Ten rats were used as sham-operated controls. Ten days later, half the rats of each lesion group received intrahippocampal grafts...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-4886(87)90114-2
更新日期：1987-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although axons lose some of their intrinsic capacity for growth after their developmental period, some axons retain the potential for regrowth after injury. When provided with a growth-promoting substrate such as a peripheral nerve graft (PNG), severed axons regenerate into and through the graft; however, they stop wh...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.expneurol.2012.09.011
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Serotonergic neurons were recorded in the nucleus centralis superior (NCS) in freely moving cats and were initially identified on-line by their slow and regular spontaneous activity (mean 2.55 +/- 0.21 spikes/s). Discharge rates of NCS serotonergic neurons were highest during active waking (AW) (mean 2.94 +/- 0.28 spi...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/S0014-4886(84)90100-6
更新日期：1984-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Exposing rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons to dibutyryl cAMP (db-cAMP) enables central branches to regenerate in the spinal cord by nullifying the ability of CNS myelin to inhibit elongation. A conditioning lesion (CL) promotes similar regeneration of central branches in the spinal cord by increasing neuronal cAM...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.expneurol.2004.03.010
更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00
