Abstract:
:We recently reported structural changes in nodes of Ranvier of frog dorsal roots that are associated with activation at 20 or 50 Hz for 15 min. The structural effects co-occur with alterations in the latency, amplitude, and waveform of the compound action potential. The alterations in nodal morphology include formation of large extracellular vacuoles separating myelin terminal lammelae of the paranodal apparatus. Vacuolization was not apparent when the nerve was allowed to recover for 30 min prior to fixation and processing for transmission electron microscopy, indicating that it is a transient phenomenon. We first observed this effect in axons from nerve roots fixed with aldehydes and processed conventionally for TEM. The possibility that the changes noted actually occur later during tissue processing, reflecting differences in sensitivity to fixation or dehydration, remained. To address this concern we examined activated frog nodes processed by three different methods: (i) rapid freezing/freeze-substitution, (ii) direct osmication, and (iii) primary fixation in a mixture of aldehydes and osmium. Under these conditions paranodal vacuolization is still quite evident, but there are subtle differences, primarily in the appearance of the vacuoles. Also the nonstimulated control nodes fixed by direct osmication and by mixed aldehyde-osmium tended to have more vacuolized paranodes than did either the conventionally fixed or freeze-substituted preparations. Regardless, the changes are similar to those seen previously and very likely reflect changes occurring in situ. We interpret these results in the context of a functional model involving accumulation of potassium in the interstices of the compact myelin during impulse propagation. During periods of extended activity this system may be overloaded promoting focal edema and mechanical disruption of some paranodal structures. These changes could then bias subsequent nodal functions such as activation threshold, firing patterns, and conduction velocity.
journal_name
Exp Neuroljournal_title
Experimental neurologyauthors
Wurtz CC,Ellisman MHdoi
10.1016/0014-4886(88)90067-2subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1988-07-01 00:00:00pages
87-106issue
1eissn
0014-4886issn
1090-2430pii
0014-4886(88)90067-2journal_volume
101pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Development of outcome measures to assess ongoing nerve regeneration in the living animal that can be translated to human can provide extremely useful tools for monitoring the effects of therapeutic interventions to promote nerve regeneration. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), a magnetic resonance based technique, provi...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2009.10.012
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journal_title:Experimental neurology
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doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2018.01.016
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journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2006.11.007
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2011.10.009
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0014-4886(86)90103-2
更新日期:1986-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2011.06.013
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journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0014-4886(91)90061-g
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.01.010
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0014-4886(86)90097-x
更新日期:1986-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.10.013
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ventrolateral orbital cortex (VLO) is part of an endogenous analgesic system consisting of an ascending pathway from the spinal cord to VLO via the thalamic nucleus submedius (Sm) and a descending pathway to the spinal cord relaying in the periaqueductal gray (PAG). This study examines whether activation of D(1)-l...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2008.09.018
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0014-4886(86)90174-3
更新日期:1986-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0014-4886(87)90314-1
更新日期:1987-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/exnr.1993.1021
更新日期:1993-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adaptive responses in glutamate and opioid receptor systems in limbic circuits are emerging as a critical component of the neural plasticity induced by chronic use of abused substances. The present commentary reviews findings from neuroanatomical studies, with superior spatial resolution, that support a cellular basis...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2011.03.016
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the polymerization of wild-type (WT) or mutant alpha-synuclein (AS) into aggregates and fibrils, which are observed as Lewy bodies (LBs) and Lewy neurites (LNs) in PD patients. However, inability to demonstrate aggregation in many cell culture systems is a major drawback fo...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2005.10.019
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2010.10.002
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0014-4886(87)90290-1
更新日期:1987-07-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2009.03.011
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) is an endogenous ligand of the Sigma 1 receptor (Sig-1R) with documented in vitro cytoprotective properties against hypoxia. Our aim was to demonstrate the in vivo neuroprotective effect of DMT following ischemia-reperfusion injury in the rat brain. METHODS:Transient...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113245
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The role of microglia and their contribution to the development and maintenance of pain states has emerged as an attractive field of study. Sensitization of central nociceptors and interneurons is thought to be responsible for the symptoms of chronic neuropathic pain states. Microglia interact with these neurons at th...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2011.12.021
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Contusion of the spinal cord causes an immediate local loss of neurons and disruption of vasculature; additional loss continues thereafter. To explore the possibility of a causal link between delayed endothelial cell (EC) death and secondary neural cell loss, we evaluated neural and endothelial cell survival, and meas...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2006.05.028
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dopaminergic loss is known to be one of the major hallmarks of Parkinson disease (PD). In addition to its function as a neurotransmitter, dopamine plays significant roles in developmental and adult neurogenesis. Both dopaminergic deafferentation and stimulation modulate proliferation in the subventricular zone (SVZ)/o...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2005.08.028
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Following a unilateral fimbria-fornix lesion, the delivery of nerve growth factor (NGF) to the ipsilateral lateral ventricle of the rat can prevent the lesion-induced loss of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) expression in the ipsilateral medial septum and vertical diagonal band region. In the present study, the abilit...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0014-4886(90)90049-x
更新日期:1990-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The blood-central nervous system-barrier (B-CNS-B) is widely considered a significant impediment to the use of protein neurotrophic factors for the treatment of brain diseases and disorders. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that systemic administration of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) can ameliorate func...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/exnr.1999.7143
更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2004.05.008
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Axonal lesions to the optic nerve (ON) induce c-Jun expression in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) of the rat in vivo. Detailed investigations using retrograde tracers, and double labeling studies for c-Jun and regeneration-associated factors, such as the growth-associated protein GAP-43, have suggested that this upregul...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/exnr.1997.6585
更新日期:1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adenoviral-mediated gene transfer to the caudate nucleus of Macaca mulatta was accomplished using stereotactic injection of two distinct recombinant Ad5 vectors containing the gene for Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase and the cDNA for rat hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosylphosphotransferase (HPRT), respectively. M...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/exnr.1994.1028
更新日期:1994-02-01 00:00:00