Activity associated ultrastructural changes in peripheral nodes of Ranvier are independent of fixation.

Abstract:

:We recently reported structural changes in nodes of Ranvier of frog dorsal roots that are associated with activation at 20 or 50 Hz for 15 min. The structural effects co-occur with alterations in the latency, amplitude, and waveform of the compound action potential. The alterations in nodal morphology include formation of large extracellular vacuoles separating myelin terminal lammelae of the paranodal apparatus. Vacuolization was not apparent when the nerve was allowed to recover for 30 min prior to fixation and processing for transmission electron microscopy, indicating that it is a transient phenomenon. We first observed this effect in axons from nerve roots fixed with aldehydes and processed conventionally for TEM. The possibility that the changes noted actually occur later during tissue processing, reflecting differences in sensitivity to fixation or dehydration, remained. To address this concern we examined activated frog nodes processed by three different methods: (i) rapid freezing/freeze-substitution, (ii) direct osmication, and (iii) primary fixation in a mixture of aldehydes and osmium. Under these conditions paranodal vacuolization is still quite evident, but there are subtle differences, primarily in the appearance of the vacuoles. Also the nonstimulated control nodes fixed by direct osmication and by mixed aldehyde-osmium tended to have more vacuolized paranodes than did either the conventionally fixed or freeze-substituted preparations. Regardless, the changes are similar to those seen previously and very likely reflect changes occurring in situ. We interpret these results in the context of a functional model involving accumulation of potassium in the interstices of the compact myelin during impulse propagation. During periods of extended activity this system may be overloaded promoting focal edema and mechanical disruption of some paranodal structures. These changes could then bias subsequent nodal functions such as activation threshold, firing patterns, and conduction velocity.

journal_name

Exp Neurol

journal_title

Experimental neurology

authors

Wurtz CC,Ellisman MH

doi

10.1016/0014-4886(88)90067-2

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

1988-07-01 00:00:00

pages

87-106

issue

1

eissn

0014-4886

issn

1090-2430

pii

0014-4886(88)90067-2

journal_volume

101

pub_type

杂志文章
  • Diffusion tensor imaging to assess axonal regeneration in peripheral nerves.

    abstract::Development of outcome measures to assess ongoing nerve regeneration in the living animal that can be translated to human can provide extremely useful tools for monitoring the effects of therapeutic interventions to promote nerve regeneration. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), a magnetic resonance based technique, provi...

    journal_title:Experimental neurology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2009.10.012

    authors: Lehmann HC,Zhang J,Mori S,Sheikh KA

    更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00

  • Intranasal cotinine improves memory, and reduces depressive-like behavior, and GFAP+ cells loss induced by restraint stress in mice.

    abstract::Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), chronic psychological stress, and major depressive disorder have been found to be associated with a significant decrease in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunoreactivity in the hippocampus of rodents. Cotinine is an alkaloid that prevents memory impairment, depressive-li...

    journal_title:Experimental neurology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.06.016

    authors: Perez-Urrutia N,Mendoza C,Alvarez-Ricartes N,Oliveros-Matus P,Echeverria F,Grizzell JA,Barreto GE,Iarkov A,Echeverria V

    更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00

  • TREM2 overexpression attenuates neuroinflammation and protects dopaminergic neurons in experimental models of Parkinson's disease.

    abstract::Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-2 (TREM2) was a newly identified receptor expressed on microglia. Several observations support the hypothesis that TREM2 variation may confer susceptibility to Parkinson's disease (PD). Therefore, in this paper, we explored the role of TREM2 in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3...

    journal_title:Experimental neurology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2018.01.016

    authors: Ren M,Guo Y,Wei X,Yan S,Qin Y,Zhang X,Jiang F,Lou H

    更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00

  • Stem cell transplantation for Huntington's disease.

    abstract::By way of commentary on a recent report that transplanted adult neural progenitor cells can alleviate functional deficits in a rat lesion model of Huntington's disease [Vazey, E.M., Chen, K., Hughes, S.M., Connor, B., 2006. Transplanted adult neural progenitor cells survive, differentiate and reduce motor function imp...

    journal_title:Experimental neurology

    pub_type: 评论,杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2006.11.007

    authors: Dunnett SB,Rosser AE

    更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00

  • Neuronal activity and axonal sprouting differentially regulate CNTF and CNTF receptor complex in the rat supraoptic nucleus.

    abstract::We demonstrated previously that the hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus (SON) undergoes a robust axonal sprouting response following unilateral transection of the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial tract. Concomitant with this response is an increase in ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) and CNTF receptor alpha (CNTFRα) express...

    journal_title:Experimental neurology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2011.10.009

    authors: Askvig JM,Leiphon LJ,Watt JA

    更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00

  • Intracisternal blood injections fail to produce cerebral angiopathy in cats.

    abstract::Adult cats were subjected to subarachnoid hemorrhage by three repeated intracisternal injections of autogenous nonheparinized blood (2 ml/injection) at weekly intervals. Histological studies (light and electron microscope) were made of the basilar artery and the middle cerebral arteries of all animals. In the subarach...

    journal_title:Experimental neurology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0014-4886(86)90103-2

    authors: Clower BR,Kapp JP,Moore NA,Smith RR,Haining JL

    更新日期:1986-11-01 00:00:00

  • Evaluation of peripheral nerve regeneration via in vivo serial transcutaneous imaging using transgenic Thy1-YFP mice.

    abstract::This study uses the saphenous nerve crush model in Thy1-YFP mice and serial transcutaneous imaging to evaluate the rate of nerve regeneration under various FK-506 (tacrolimus) dosing regimens and in the presence of transgenic overexpression of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). Thy1-YFP transgenic mic...

    journal_title:Experimental neurology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2011.06.013

    authors: Yan Y,Sun HH,Mackinnon SE,Johnson PJ

    更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00

  • Decussation of bulbospinal respiratory axons at the level of the phrenic nuclei in adult rats: a possible substrate for the crossed phrenic phenomenon.

    abstract::The axonal trajectories of inspiratory bulbospinal neurons were examined after deposition of the anterograde neuronal tracer phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHA-L) into the rostral ventral respiratory group in rats. At the level of the phrenic nucleus, PHA-L-labeled bulbospinal axons crossed the midline of the spi...

    journal_title:Experimental neurology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0014-4886(91)90061-g

    authors: Goshgarian HG,Ellenberger HH,Feldman JL

    更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00

  • Spatiotemporally limited BDNF and GDNF overexpression rescues motoneurons destined to die and induces elongative axon growth.

    abstract::Axonal injury close to cell bodies of motoneurons induces the death of the vast majority of affected cells. Neurotrophic factors, such as brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial cell derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), delivered close to the damaged motor pool in a non-regulated manner induce good survival ...

    journal_title:Experimental neurology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.05.019

    authors: Pajenda G,Hercher D,Márton G,Pajer K,Feichtinger GA,Maléth J,Redl H,Nógrádi A

    更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00

  • Aripiprazole and environmental enrichment independently improve functional outcome after cortical impact injury in adult male rats, but their combination does not yield additional benefits.

    abstract::Typical antipsychotic drugs (APDs) with D2antagonistic properties impede functional outcome after experimental traumatic brain injury (TBI) and reduce the effectiveness of environmental enrichment (EE). Here we test the hypothesis that aripiprazole (ARIP), an atypical APD with partial D2and 5-HT1Areceptor agonist acti...

    journal_title:Experimental neurology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.01.010

    authors: Besagar S,Radabaugh HL,Bleimeister IH,Meyer EA,Niesman PJ,Cheng JP,Bondi CO,Kline AE

    更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00

  • Autoradiographic measurement of relative changes in ornithine decarboxylase in axotomized superior cervical ganglion neurons.

    abstract::An autoradiographic method is described for detecting changes in ornithine decarboxylase in axotomized superior cervical ganglion neurons of rats using [3H]difluoromethylornithine. An increase in binding to neurons was seen at 12 h and 1 day after crushing the postganglionic nerves. Binding returned to control values ...

    journal_title:Experimental neurology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0014-4886(86)90097-x

    authors: Wells MR

    更新日期:1986-05-01 00:00:00

  • Photobiomodulation therapy promotes neurogenesis by improving post-stroke local microenvironment and stimulating neuroprogenitor cells.

    abstract::Recent work has indicated that photobiomodulation (PBM) may beneficially alter the pathological status of several neurological disorders, although the mechanism currently remains unclear. The current study was designed to investigate the beneficial effect of PBM on behavioral deficits and neurogenesis in a photothromb...

    journal_title:Experimental neurology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.10.013

    authors: Yang L,Tucker D,Dong Y,Wu C,Lu Y,Li Y,Zhang J,Liu TC,Zhang Q

    更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00

  • D2-like but not D1-like dopamine receptors are involved in the ventrolateral orbital cortex-induced antinociception: a GABAergic modulation mechanism.

    abstract::The ventrolateral orbital cortex (VLO) is part of an endogenous analgesic system consisting of an ascending pathway from the spinal cord to VLO via the thalamic nucleus submedius (Sm) and a descending pathway to the spinal cord relaying in the periaqueductal gray (PAG). This study examines whether activation of D(1)-l...

    journal_title:Experimental neurology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2008.09.018

    authors: Sheng HY,Qu CL,Huo FQ,Du JQ,Tang JS

    更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00

  • Modification of electroshock and pentylenetetrazol seizure patterns in rats after precollicular transections.

    abstract::Rats with precollicular transections leaving the brain stem intact were subjected to electroshock or pentylenetetrazol-induced convulsions. Animals with transections failed to display the face and forelimb clonus (with or without rearing) typically seen in sham-operated rats subjected to pentylenetetrazol- or minimal ...

    journal_title:Experimental neurology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0014-4886(86)90174-3

    authors: Browning RA,Nelson DK

    更新日期:1986-09-01 00:00:00

  • Changes in the nuclear pore complexes of the dentate granule cells in aged rats.

    abstract::In 3-, 9-, 24-, and 30-month-old male rats (Fischer 344), the nuclear perimeter and the density and diameter of nuclear pore complexes in the granule cells of the dentate fascia were studied. Whereas the nuclear perimeter and the diameter of nuclear pore complexes did not change as a function of age, there was a signi...

    journal_title:Experimental neurology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0014-4886(87)90314-1

    authors: Fifková E,Tonks M,Cullen-Dockstader K

    更新日期:1987-03-01 00:00:00

  • Noncompetitive and competitive NMDA antagonists exert anticonvulsant effects by actions on different sites within the neuronal network for audiogenic seizures.

    abstract::Excitant amino acids are implicated in audiogenic seizure (AGS) susceptibility in the genetically epilepsy-prone rat (GEPR). In the present study systemic administration of NMDA receptor antagonists significantly decreased AGS severity in the GEPR. Systemic administration of the competitive NMDA antagonists 3-((+-)-2-...

    journal_title:Experimental neurology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1006/exnr.1993.1021

    authors: Faingold CL,Randall ME,Naritoku DK,Boersma Anderson CA

    更新日期:1993-02-01 00:00:00

  • Unraveling glutamate-opioid receptor interactions using high-resolution electron microscopy: implications for addiction-related processes.

    abstract::Adaptive responses in glutamate and opioid receptor systems in limbic circuits are emerging as a critical component of the neural plasticity induced by chronic use of abused substances. The present commentary reviews findings from neuroanatomical studies, with superior spatial resolution, that support a cellular basis...

    journal_title:Experimental neurology

    pub_type: 评论,杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2011.03.016

    authors: Scavone JL,Asan E,Van Bockstaele EJ

    更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00

  • The alpha-synuclein mutation E46K promotes aggregation in cultured cells.

    abstract::Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the polymerization of wild-type (WT) or mutant alpha-synuclein (AS) into aggregates and fibrils, which are observed as Lewy bodies (LBs) and Lewy neurites (LNs) in PD patients. However, inability to demonstrate aggregation in many cell culture systems is a major drawback fo...

    journal_title:Experimental neurology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2005.10.019

    authors: Pandey N,Schmidt RE,Galvin JE

    更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00

  • Utilizing natural activity to dissect the pathophysiology of acute oxaliplatin-induced neuropathy.

    abstract::Oxaliplatin is first-line chemotherapy for colorectal cancer, but produces dose-limiting neurotoxicity. Acute neurotoxicity following infusion produces symptoms including cold-triggered fasciculations and cramps, with subsequent chronic neuropathy developing at higher cumulative doses. Axonal excitability studies were...

    journal_title:Experimental neurology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2010.10.002

    authors: Park SB,Lin CS,Krishnan AV,Goldstein D,Friedlander ML,Kiernan MC

    更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00

  • Kindling of audiogenic seizures in Wistar rats: an EEG study.

    abstract::The EEG of 20 Wistar rats inbred for audiogenic seizures was recorded during 40 daily auditory stimuli 90 s long. The first stimuli provoked wild running, with no cortical EEG abnormality, and then a tonic phase with a characteristic EEG of a brief flat trace 2 to 3 s long followed by low-amplitude regular activity, 1...

    journal_title:Experimental neurology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0014-4886(87)90290-1

    authors: Marescaux C,Vergnes M,Kiesmann M,Depaulis A,Micheletti G,Warter JM

    更新日期:1987-07-01 00:00:00

  • Functional MRI study of the primary somatosensory cortex in comatose survivors of cardiac arrest.

    abstract::It is difficult to assess cerebral function in comatose patients. Because earlier functional neuroimaging studies demonstrate associations between cerebral metabolism and levels of consciousness, fMRI in comatose survivors of cardiac arrest could provide further insight into cerebral function during coma. Using fMRI, ...

    journal_title:Experimental neurology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2009.03.011

    authors: Gofton TE,Chouinard PA,Young GB,Bihari F,Nicolle MW,Lee DH,Sharpe MD,Yen YF,Takahashi AM,Mirsattari SM

    更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00

  • N,N-dimethyltryptamine reduces infarct size and improves functional recovery following transient focal brain ischemia in rats.

    abstract:BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) is an endogenous ligand of the Sigma 1 receptor (Sig-1R) with documented in vitro cytoprotective properties against hypoxia. Our aim was to demonstrate the in vivo neuroprotective effect of DMT following ischemia-reperfusion injury in the rat brain. METHODS:Transient...

    journal_title:Experimental neurology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113245

    authors: Nardai S,László M,Szabó A,Alpár A,Hanics J,Zahola P,Merkely B,Frecska E,Nagy Z

    更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00

  • Immune responses of microglia in the spinal cord: contribution to pain states.

    abstract::The role of microglia and their contribution to the development and maintenance of pain states has emerged as an attractive field of study. Sensitization of central nociceptors and interneurons is thought to be responsible for the symptoms of chronic neuropathic pain states. Microglia interact with these neurons at th...

    journal_title:Experimental neurology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2011.12.021

    authors: Schomberg D,Olson JK

    更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00

  • Endothelial cell loss is not a major cause of neuronal and glial cell death following contusion injury of the spinal cord.

    abstract::Contusion of the spinal cord causes an immediate local loss of neurons and disruption of vasculature; additional loss continues thereafter. To explore the possibility of a causal link between delayed endothelial cell (EC) death and secondary neural cell loss, we evaluated neural and endothelial cell survival, and meas...

    journal_title:Experimental neurology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2006.05.028

    authors: Casella GT,Bunge MB,Wood PM

    更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00

  • Striatal deafferentation increases dopaminergic neurogenesis in the adult olfactory bulb.

    abstract::Dopaminergic loss is known to be one of the major hallmarks of Parkinson disease (PD). In addition to its function as a neurotransmitter, dopamine plays significant roles in developmental and adult neurogenesis. Both dopaminergic deafferentation and stimulation modulate proliferation in the subventricular zone (SVZ)/o...

    journal_title:Experimental neurology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2005.08.028

    authors: Winner B,Geyer M,Couillard-Despres S,Aigner R,Bogdahn U,Aigner L,Kuhn G,Winkler J

    更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00

  • NGF released from a polymer matrix prevents loss of ChAT expression in basal forebrain neurons following a fimbria-fornix lesion.

    abstract::Following a unilateral fimbria-fornix lesion, the delivery of nerve growth factor (NGF) to the ipsilateral lateral ventricle of the rat can prevent the lesion-induced loss of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) expression in the ipsilateral medial septum and vertical diagonal band region. In the present study, the abilit...

    journal_title:Experimental neurology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0014-4886(90)90049-x

    authors: Hoffman D,Wahlberg L,Aebischer P

    更新日期:1990-10-01 00:00:00

  • Peripherally administered insulin-like growth factor-I preserves hindlimb reflex and spinal cord noradrenergic circuitry following a central nervous system lesion in rats.

    abstract::The blood-central nervous system-barrier (B-CNS-B) is widely considered a significant impediment to the use of protein neurotrophic factors for the treatment of brain diseases and disorders. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that systemic administration of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) can ameliorate func...

    journal_title:Experimental neurology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1006/exnr.1999.7143

    authors: Pulford BE,Whalen LR,Ishii DN

    更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00

  • Lost in translation: taking neuroprotection from animal models to clinical trials.

    abstract::Caffeinol has been proposed as a neuroprotectant for human trials. This review covers a variety of animal models used and various attempts to take animal protocols to human trials. The accompanying paper discusses the rabbit model that was used to identify the efficacy of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) treatment. ...

    journal_title:Experimental neurology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2004.05.008

    authors: Hoyte L,Kaur J,Buchan AM

    更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00

  • Expression of c-Jun protein in degenerating retinal ganglion cells after optic nerve lesion in the rat.

    abstract::Axonal lesions to the optic nerve (ON) induce c-Jun expression in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) of the rat in vivo. Detailed investigations using retrograde tracers, and double labeling studies for c-Jun and regeneration-associated factors, such as the growth-associated protein GAP-43, have suggested that this upregul...

    journal_title:Experimental neurology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1006/exnr.1997.6585

    authors: Isenmann S,Bähr M

    更新日期:1997-09-01 00:00:00

  • Expression of Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase and rat HPRT in the CNS of Macaca mulatta following adenoviral mediated gene transfer.

    abstract::Adenoviral-mediated gene transfer to the caudate nucleus of Macaca mulatta was accomplished using stereotactic injection of two distinct recombinant Ad5 vectors containing the gene for Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase and the cDNA for rat hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosylphosphotransferase (HPRT), respectively. M...

    journal_title:Experimental neurology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1006/exnr.1994.1028

    authors: Davidson BL,Doran SE,Shewach DS,Latta JM,Hartman JW,Roessler BJ

    更新日期:1994-02-01 00:00:00