Abstract:
:This study of medial gastrocnemius (MG) muscle and motor units (MUs) after spinal cord hemisection and deafferentation (HSDA) in adult cats, asked 1) whether the absence of muscle atrophy and unaltered contractile speed demonstrated previously in HSDA-paralyzed peroneus longus (PerL) muscles, was apparent in the unloaded HSDA-paralyzed MG muscle, and 2) how ankle unloading impacts MG muscle and MUs after dorsal root sparing (HSDA-SP) with foot placement during standing and locomotion. Chronic isometric contractile forces and speeds were maintained for up to 12 months in all conditions, but fatigability increased exponentially. MU recordings at 8-11½ months corroborated the unchanged muscle force and speed with significantly increased fatigability; normal weights of MG muscle confirmed the lack of disuse atrophy. Fast MUs transitioned from fatigue resistant and intermediate to fatigable accompanied by corresponding fiber type conversion to fast oxidative (FOG) and fast glycolytic (FG) accompanied by increased GAPDH enzyme activity in absolute terms and relative to oxidative citrate synthase enzyme activity. Myosin heavy chain composition, however, was unaffected. MG muscle behaved like the PerL muscle after HSDA with maintained muscle and MU contractile force and speed but with a dramatic increase in fatigability, irrespective of whether all the dorsal roots were transected. We conclude that reduced neuromuscular activity accounts for increased fatigability but is not, in of itself, sufficient to promote atrophy and slow to fast conversion. Position and relative movements of hindlimb muscles are likely contributors to sustained MG muscle and MU contractile force and speed after HSDA and HSDA-SP surgeries.
journal_name
Exp Neuroljournal_title
Experimental neurologyauthors
Gordon T,Tyreman N,Harris LR,Rafuse VFdoi
10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113201subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-05-01 00:00:00pages
113201eissn
0014-4886issn
1090-2430pii
S0014-4886(20)30032-7journal_volume
327pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Four lectins (Abrus precatorius (APA), Maackia amurensis (MAA), Momordica charantia (MCA) and Sambucus nigra (SNA)) have been used to identify glycohistochemically the microglial cells (MGC) activation in autoptic brain samples from Alzheimer's disease (AD) subjects. Three of these lectins (APA, MAA and MCA) have util...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/exnr.1998.6862
更新日期:1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of unilateral intrahippocampal injection of kainic acid, a potent neuroexcitant and neurotoxin, on subsequent susceptibility to kindling of the contralateral hippocampus or contralateral amygdala were investigated in albino rats. At the chosen doses (0.20 to 1.25 micrograms dissolved in physiologic saline)...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0014-4886(87)90087-2
更新日期:1987-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::GAP-43 is a neuronal protein whose synthesis is elevated during developmental and regenerative axon growth. We propose that one consequence of this increased synthesis may be the delivery of calmodulin-like proteins to the distal portions of the growing axon at an increased velocity; this is because calmodulin, which ...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0014-4886(92)90243-j
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is often accompanied by granule cell dispersion (GCD), a migration defect of granule cells in the dentate gyrus. We have previously shown that a decrease in the expression of reelin, an extracellular matrix protein important for neuronal positioning, is associated with the development of G...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2008.12.029
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tamoxifen-induced mutagenesis via the so-called CreER(T2) fusion enzyme is a key technology for the inducible gene knockout in the adult murine brain. However, it requires a subchronic transient treatment with high doses of the non-selective estrogen receptor antagonist tamoxifen. It has been shown earlier that acute ...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2007.12.012
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inflammation plays a central role in the development of numerous disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) such as multiple sclerosis (MS). For a long time it was assumed that recruitment of macrophages into the CNS and breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) are closely linked. In the present study we challeng...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2009.08.027
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The increasing demand on diagnostic assays that are sensitive and specific for pathogenic antibodies, and the interest in identifying new antigens, prompted the development of cell-based assays for the detection of autoantibodies in myasthenia gravis and other autoimmune disorders. Cell-based assays were initially use...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2015.01.011
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fluorescence microscopy revealed that the innervation of the vasa nervorum of both cranial and spinal nerve roots in the subarachnoid space in the monkey is adrenergic in nature. The endoneurium of the cranial nerve roots contained free adrenergic nerve fibers which were not related to the vessel wall. ...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0014-4886(87)90275-5
更新日期:1987-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In order to evaluate neurologic development, postural reflexes were tested in normal kittens from birth through 7 weeks of age until stable adult patterns of performance were attained. These reflex tests included: body and air righting, visual placing, chin placing, tactile placing, hopping, and locomotion. A protocol...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0014-4886(84)90084-0
更新日期:1984-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rats typically display self-mutilation (autotomy) of a paw that has been denervated by transection of the sciatic and saphenous nerves. The cause of autotomy, however, is not known. It may be due to hyperesthesia (comparable to that seen in humans after peripheral nerve injury) or anesthesia (as an attempt to shed an ...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0014-4886(86)90311-0
更新日期:1986-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although zinc is essential for the activity of numerous biological systems, and zinc deficiency has been associated with various pathologies, this metal can also exert direct neurotoxic action. In primary cultures of rat cerebellar granule neurons, a brief, 15- to 30-min exposure to zinc (100-500 microM) resulted in c...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/exnr.1997.6510
更新日期:1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We recently described an experimental model of spinal cord contusive injury in the rat in which a modified weight-drop apparatus is used to generate reproducible mild, moderate, or severe final functional deficit. We now report several inexpensive alternatives for portions of the original apparatus which allow the pro...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0014-4886(87)90162-2
更新日期:1987-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Effects of accumulation of phosphocreatine (P-creatine) on utilization and restoration of high-energy phosphates during anoxia and recovery were studied using thin hippocampal slices from the guinea pig. Incubation of slices with creatine (5 to 30 mM) increased the content of tissue P-creatine, in a linear fashion, an...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0014-4886(83)90256-x
更新日期:1983-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Youth is a strong predictor of functional recovery after peripheral nerve repair, while adulthood is commonly associated with poor outcome. Identification of the factors responsible for this difference could form the basis for strategies to improve regeneration in adults. Preferential reinnervation of motor pathways b...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/exnr.2000.7538
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The pathogenesis of pain in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is poorly understood and treatment remains difficult. We have previously reported that TTX-resistant (TTX-R) sodium channels in colon-specific dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons were sensitized and the expression of the endogenous hydrogen sulfide pr...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2013.06.027
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The neuronal basis for neurological deficits in infantile hydrocephalus is poorly understood. Changes in the dendritic architecture of pyramidal cells of the auditory cortex have been measured at 21 days after birth in H-Tx rats. Tissue was prepared by the rapid Golgi method from hydrocephalic and control litter-mates...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/exnr.1996.0161
更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs), comprising of polymyositis, dermatomyositis, and inclusion-body myositis, are characterized by muscle weakness and various types of inflammatory changes in muscle cells. They also show non-inflammatory changes, including perifascicular atrophy, mitochondrial changes, and amyl...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2010.07.021
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In human diabetes, degenerative and functional disorders of the central nervous system, including depression, are common findings. Defective dentate gyrus (DG) neurogenesis is associated with affective-related disorders and depression. We previously demonstrated reduced DG neurogenesis in a pharmacological type 1 diab...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2007.11.009
更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Respiratory motor output after cervical spinal cord injury (cSCI) is profoundly influenced by spinal serotonin. We hypothesized that intraspinal transplantation of embryonic midline brainstem (MB) cells rich in serotonergic raphé neurons would improve respiratory outcomes after cSCI. One week after hemisection of the ...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.01.017
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neural progenitor cells (NPCs) grafted to sites of spinal cord injury (SCI) extend numerous axons over long distances and form new synaptic connections with host neurons. In the present study we examined the myelination of axons emerging from NPC grafts. Rat embryonic day 14 (E14) multipotent NPCs constitutively expre...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.07.005
更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ischemic stroke is an acute neurodegenerative disease that is extremely devastating to patients, their families and society. Stroke is inadequately treated even with endovascular procedures and reperfusion therapy. Using an extensive translational screening process, we have developed a pleiotropic cytoprotective agent...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2018.11.010
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Effective spread of stimulating current from macroelectrodes was measured using antidromic responses of axons of the pyramidal tract as an indicator of excitation. Both monopolar and concentric bipolar electrode configurations were tested with stimulating distances as large as 7mm. The effective stimulation distance w...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0014-4886(86)90126-3
更新日期:1986-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of D-Ala2-Met5-enkephalinamide (DAME) upon the hissing component of hypothalamically elicited affective defense behavior in the cat were examined in this study. Microinjections of DAME placed into the nucleus accumbens significantly suppressed this response in a dose and time dependent manner. This dose de...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0014-4886(89)90008-3
更新日期:1989-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Axons of the CNS do normally not regenerate after injury, in contrast to axons of the PNS. This is due to a different microenvironment at the site of the lesion as well as a particular intrinsic program of axonal regrowth. Although transplantation of peripheral nerve tissue bridges is perhaps the most successful appro...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/exnr.1999.7204
更新日期:1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN) is an animal model of the human disease Guillain-Barré syndrome. In this autoimmune inflammatory disease, CD4(+) T cells mediate demyelination in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Infiltrating macrophages and T cells as well as cytokines like interferon (IFN)-gamma are intimat...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/exnr.2001.7662
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chemotherapy-related cognitive deficits are a major neurological problem, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. The death of neural stem/precursor cell (NSC) by cisplatin has been reported as a potential cause, but this requires high doses of chemotherapeutic agents. Cisplatin is frequently used in modern oncolog...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.02.020
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rats were injected with progressively increasing doses of morphine or meperidine during a period of 3 to 40 days. From this colony of animals individual rats were used at 3- to 4-day intervals for electrophysiologic experiments to analyze the activity of nociceptive neurons in the somesthetic thalamus. After an i.p. i...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0014-4886(84)90051-7
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Axonal injury close to cell bodies of motoneurons induces the death of the vast majority of affected cells. Neurotrophic factors, such as brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial cell derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), delivered close to the damaged motor pool in a non-regulated manner induce good survival ...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.05.019
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The piriform cortex is recognized to play critical roles in focal ictogenesis, both in animal models and in humans. We review here the contribution of in vitro studies performed on rodent brain tissue that were aimed at understanding the ictogenic properties of the piriform cortex and the contiguous olfactory areas. D...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.113014
更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mice lacking the gene encoding for substance P and neurokinin A, or the NK-1 receptor, exhibit alterations in behavior to various acute nociceptive stimuli. However, behavioral responses of NK-1 mutant animals have not been well characterized in models of chronic pain. We studied the behavioral responses of NK-1 knock...
journal_title:Experimental neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/exnr.1999.7336
更新日期:2000-04-01 00:00:00