Abstract：
:Tamoxifen-induced mutagenesis via the so-called CreER(T2) fusion enzyme is a key technology for the inducible gene knockout in the adult murine brain. However, it requires a subchronic transient treatment with high doses of the non-selective estrogen receptor antagonist tamoxifen. It has been shown earlier that acute tamoxifen treatment causes behavioral alterations, while the long-term behavioral effects of tamoxifen in mice are so far unknown. Therefore C57BL/6 male mice, a common strain used for targeted mutagenesis and behavioral analyses, were subjected to a tamoxifen treatment protocol as used for inducible mutagenesis in vivo, and analyzed for effects on general behavior (locomotion, exploration), emotional behavior (anxiety, depression) and on learning and memory after a drug-free interval period of 4 weeks. The results demonstrate that a test for depression-like behavior, i.e. the Forced Swim Test, is affected even more than 4 weeks after tamoxifen treatment. In contrast, in all other tests, tamoxifen treated mice showed unaltered behaviors, indicating that the currently established 5-day protocol of tamoxifen treatment (40 mg/kg bid) for inducible mutagenesis has no or little effects on the behavior of C57BL/6 male mice after a latency period of 4 weeks. These results are important for all studies using tamoxifen-induced mutagenesis since this protocol obviously does not evoke alterations in general behaviors such as locomotion, exploration or anxiety-like behaviors, which might confound more complex behavioral analyses, nor does it affect standard tests for learning and memory, such as Morris Water Maze, contextual and cued Fear Conditioning and T-Maze learning.
journal_name
Exp Neuroljournal_title
Experimental neurologyauthors
Vogt MA,Chourbaji S,Brandwein C,Dormann C,Sprengel R,Gass Pdoi
10.1016/j.expneurol.2007.12.012subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-05-01 00:00:00pages
25-33issue
1eissn
0014-4886issn
1090-2430pii
S0014-4886(07)00451-7journal_volume
211pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Whereas quite a number of previous reports have shown that the developing brain is vulnerable to protein deprivation, the mature CNS is usually considered resistant to this condition. To explore this assumption the present experimental model was built on groups of 2-month-old rats fed with a low-protein diet (8% casei...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-4886(89)90081-2
更新日期：1989-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Stroke is a devastating neurological disease with no satisfactory therapies to preserve long-term neurological function, perhaps due to the sole emphasis on neuronal survival in most preclinical studies. Recent studies have revealed the importance of protecting multiple cell types in the injured brain, such as oligode...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.expneurol.2015.03.005
更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Potassium and caffeine contractures of isolated small bundles (100 to 200 micron diameter) of muscle fibers isolated from the diaphragm of normal and dystrophic (C57BL/6J dy2J/dy2J) mice were compared. In diaphragms of pathologic mice (3 to 5 months old) the resting potential, the characteristics of the twitch, and so...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-4886(84)90126-2
更新日期：1984-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Extracellular unit activity from 29 neurons in the preoptic area was recorded together with the cortical EEG in encéphale isolé cats. A majority (55%) of neurons showed alterations in their firing rates during transient changes in the EEG. Among them, a majority (62.5%) showed an increased firing rate during synchroni...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-4886(83)90328-x
更新日期：1983-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Organotypic cultures of the brain provide a unique opportunity to directly examine the regional vulnerability of specific brain regions like the hippocampus. Two well-characterized models of oxidative stress were used to examine the regional vulnerability of the hippocampus. Endogenous oxidative stress was induced by ...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/exnr.1997.6673
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The precise mechanisms underlying the efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) in autoimmune neurological disorders including Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) are not known. Anti-ganglioside antibodies have been reported to be pathogenic in some variants of GBS, and we have developed passive transfer animal models t...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.05.020
更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The neurotoxicity of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, which produces Parkinsonism, is mediated by its metabolite 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+). When injected into the striatum MPP+ is accumulated by dopaminergic nerve terminals and is then retrogradely transported to the substantia nigra compacta...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/exnr.1997.6416
更新日期：1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study was performed to establish an anatomical context for studies of phrenic motor function in mouse models of central nervous system trauma and disease. Application of cholera toxin β-subunit to the diaphragm of adult C57BL/6 mice revealed a columnar organization of phrenic motoneurons (PhMNs) which exte...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.expneurol.2010.08.026
更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Excessive synchronization of neuronal activity at around 20 Hz is a common finding in the basal ganglia of patients with untreated Parkinson's disease (PD). Correlative evidence suggests, but does not prove, that this spontaneous activity may contribute to slowness of movement in this condition. Here we investigate wh...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.expneurol.2007.01.027
更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have used retrograde labeling with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and a wheat germ agglutinin conjugate of HRP (WGA:HRP) to investigate the projections of the nucleus postglomerulosus (nPg) both in normal goldfish and in animals which had undergone retinal removal. In normal animals, our evidence indicates that nPg p...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-4886(88)90089-1
更新日期：1988-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Following cholinergic denervation of the hippocampal formation, peripheral sympathetic fibers from the superior cervical ganglion (SCG) sprout into hippocampal tissue. The molecular mechanism controlling this process is unknown, although a role by trophic factors seems likely. In the present study, neonatal SCG were u...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/exnr.1994.1180
更新日期：1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Olfactory ensheathing cells (OEC) constitute a specialized population of glia that accompany primary olfactory axons and have been reported to facilitate axonal regeneration after spinal cord injury in vivo. In the present report we describe OEC neurotrophic factor expression and neurotrophic properties of OECs in vit...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0014-4886(02)00058-4
更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Downregulation in the astroglial glutamate transporter EAAT2 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients and mutant SOD1 mouse models of ALS is believed to contribute to the death of motor neurons by excitotoxicity. We previously reported that caspase-3 cleaves EAAT2 at a unique cleavage consensus site located in ...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.03.014
更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Estrogens and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors regulate multiple aspects of morphological and functional plasticity in young animals. For example, estrogens increase spine density in the hippocampus, and NMDA antagonists block these effects. Few studies have examined the effects of age, postovariectomy interval, ...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/exnr.2001.7716
更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Huntingtin is a cytoplasmic protein that is found in neurons and somatic cells. In patients with Huntington's disease (HD), the NH2-terminal region of huntingtin has an expanded polyglutamine tract. An abnormal protein interaction by mutant huntingtin has been proposed as a mechanism for HD pathogenesis. Huntingtin as...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/exnr.1998.6832
更新日期：1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It has been suggested that the increased transient expression of immediate-early gene transcription factors seen in nerve cells following an afterdischarge may initiate longer lasting or permanent changes in gene expression which underly the development of kindling. Since the development of kindling is sensitive to ph...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/exnr.1994.1137
更新日期：1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Local field potential recordings made from the basal ganglia of patients undergoing deep brain stimulation have suggested that frequency specific activity is involved in determining the rate of force development and the peak force at the outset of a movement. However, the extent to which the basal ganglia might be inv...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.expneurol.2012.11.011
更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Genetically dystrophic chicks (line 413) were administered 0.3 mg/kg dexamethasone (DEX), a corticosteroid, from 2 to 28 days ex ovo. Diluent-injected dystrophic and normal (line 412) chicks served as controls. The effects of DEX on muscle function were evaluated weekly by the exhaustion score (ES) method. Proton magn...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-4886(88)90096-9
更新日期：1988-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Bilateral lesions of the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMN) significantly attentuated lordosis behavior in the female rat. The degree of this deficit was significantly correlated with the amount of damage to the VMN. There was no improvement in lordosis performance even after an extended recovery period. ...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-4886(83)90035-3
更新日期：1983-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Human spinal cord injury (SCI) can result in progressive degeneration that may continue for many years and lead to the formation of highly septated cystic cavities. This hallmark feature has been reproduced in experimental models, but neither its pathogenesis nor clinically relevant features have been fully elucidated...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.expneurol.2005.08.009
更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ketamine has been reported to exert a prophylactic effect against stress-induced depressive-like behavior by modulating the guanosine-based purinergic system. However, the molecular pathways underlying its prophylactic effect and whether guanosine also elicits a similar effect remain to be determined. Here, we investi...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113459
更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The nontoxic C fragment of tetanus toxin (TC) can transport other proteins from the circulation to central nervous system (CNS) motor neurons. Increased levels of CuZn superoxide dismutase (SOD) are protective in experimental models of stroke and Parkinson's disease, whereas mutations in SOD can cause motor neuron dis...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/exnr.1997.6490
更新日期：1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neurotrophic factors as candidates for ALS therapeutics have previously been studied in the context of attempts to slow disease progression. For a variety of reasons, clinical trials of neurotrophic factors have failed to show efficacy in ALS patients. Previous studies in Parkinson's Disease (PD) models have shown pro...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.113091
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The competence of neurons to regenerate depends on their ability to initiate a program of gene expression supporting growth and on the growth-permissive properties of glial cells in the distal stump of the injured nerve. Most studies on intrinsic molecular mechanisms governing peripheral nerve regeneration have focuss...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/exnr.1998.6886
更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sciatic cryoneurolysis (SCN) is an experimental rat mononeuropathy model that produces neuropathic behavioral sequelae distinct from other neuropathy models. Following SCN, there is limited autotomy peaking in severity and incidence at 7-14 days and delayed but sustained allodynia appearing at about 21 days, with no e...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/exnr.1995.1028
更新日期：1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) are unique glia that support axon outgrowth in the olfactory system, and when used as cellular therapy after spinal cord injury, improve recovery and axon regeneration. Here we assessed the effects of combining OEC transplantation with another promising therapy, epidural electrical s...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.expneurol.2018.07.015
更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Regeneration of axons in the peripheral nervous system is enhanced by the removal of glycosaminoglycan side chains (GAGs) of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans. However, some axons regenerate poorly despite such treatment, suggesting the existence of additional inhibitors. We compared the effects of enzymatic removal o...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.expneurol.2005.04.007
更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of high purity and functional integrity was isolated from skeletal muscle of normal and ethanol-tolerant rats. Ethanol at low concentrations (0.1 to 0.2 M), added in vitro to isolated SR, resulted in slight inhibition of both calcium loading and calcium-stimulated ATPase rates. Higher conce...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-4886(83)90308-4
更新日期：1983-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the present study, we investigated whether cultured astrocytes derived from adult neural precursor cells (NPCs) obtained from the subventricular zone (SVZ) of wobbler mice display metabolic traits of the wobbler astrocytes in situ and in primary culture. We also utilized NPC-derived astrocytes as a tool to investig...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.expneurol.2010.06.008
更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In monkeys, unilateral intracarotid infusion of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) produces a useful model of hemiparkinsonism. To evaluate MPTP-induced neurochemical changes in vivo, brain microdialysis was employed to measure extracellular levels of dopamine and its metabolites in the neostriatum of...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-4886(90)90029-r
更新日期：1990-11-01 00:00:00
