Abstract:
:Individuals with sickle cell anemia are subject to serious infections caused by a number of bacteria, including Salmonella species and Staphylococcus aureus. It has been suggested that in sickle cell anemia, extensive erythrophagocytosis by macrophages may interfere with their antibacterial function and thereby predispose to infection. As a means of investigating this possibility, we evaluated the effects of erythrocyte ingestion on the Killing of Salmonella typhimurium by peritoneal macrophages and of S. aureus by alveolar macrophages. Monolayers of rabbit macrophages were exposed to erythrocytes or latex particles immediately before and during bacterial challenge. Erythrophagocytosis markedly inhibited intracellular killing of S. typhimurium by peritoneal macrophages (bacterial survival was 181% of control) and of staphylococci by alveolar macrophages (bacterial survival was greater than 200% of control). Exposure to latex particles depressed the bactericidal activity of alveolar macrophages to a lesser degree. Next we investigated the possibility that erythrophagocytosis inhibits oxidative bactericidal mechanisms in macrophages. Hexose monophosphate shunt activity was stimulated by erythrocyte ingestion. However, zymosan-induced superoxide generation and chemiluminescence were suppressed by erythrocytes. Furthermore, a cell-free (hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase) system for chemiluminescence generation was also depressed in the presence of erythrocytes (intact or lysate) or by purified hemoglobin. These studies reveal that erythrophagocytosis inhibits macrophage antibacterial function, probably because of interactions between erythrocyte components and reactive products of phagocyte oxygen metabolism. This host defense abnormality may predispose to bacterial infection in certain hemolytic anemias.
journal_name
Infect Immunjournal_title
Infection and immunityauthors
Hand WL,King-Thompson NLdoi
10.1128/IAI.40.3.917-923.1983subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1983-06-01 00:00:00pages
917-23issue
3eissn
0019-9567issn
1098-5522journal_volume
40pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The pattern of meningococcal surface structure expression in different microenvironments following bloodstream invasion in vivo is not known. We used immunohistochemistry to determine the expression of capsule, type IV pili, and PorA by meningococci residing in the skin lesions of children with purpura fulminans. All ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/iai.70.9.5193-5201.2002
更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The development of chronic pathology in mice at 2 to 10 months after inoculation of 10(2) T. cruzi trypomastigotes can be prevented by preimmunization with live, attenuated culture parasites (strain TCC). Swiss mice received one or three immunizing inoculations of 10(6) TCC organisms and were challenged with 10(2) Tul...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.36.1.351-356.1982
更新日期:1982-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Anti-CD4 antibodies, which cause CD4(+) T-cell depletion, have been shown to increase susceptibility to infections in mice. Thus, development of anti-CD4 antibodies for clinical use raises potential concerns about suppression of host defense mechanisms against pathogens and tumors. The anti-human CD4 antibody kelixima...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.69.2.1032-1043.2001
更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Understanding the regulation of human immune responses is critical for vaccine development and treating infectious diseases. We have previously shown that simultaneous engagement of the T cell receptor (TCR) and complement regulator CD46 on human CD4(+) T cells in the presence of interleukin-2 (IL-2) induces potent se...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.00513-10
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mycobacterium marinum grows at an optimal temperature of 33 degrees C, far lower than that for M. tuberculosis. Consequently, M. marinum infection of mammals is restricted largely to the cooler surfaces of the body, such as the extremities, but it causes a systemic infection in a large number of poikilothermic animals...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.65.2.767-773.1997
更新日期:1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The gene encoding a nitric oxide reductase has been identified in Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The norB gene product shares significant identity with the nitric oxide reductases in Ralstonia eutropha and Synechocystis sp. and, like those organisms, the gonococcus lacks a norC homolog. The gonococcal norB gene was found to b...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/iai.68.9.5241-5246.2000
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The induction of interleukin-8 (IL-8) in vitro has been suggested to correlate with the reactogenicity of Vibrio cholerae vaccine candidates. V. cholerae vaccine candidate 638, a hemagglutinin protease/hap-defective strain, was recently reported to be well tolerated in human volunteers, suggesting a role for Hap in re...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/iai.72.1.389-397.2004
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mosquitoes are infected with Plasmodium falciparum by taking a blood meal from a gametocyte carrier. Since a mosquito takes a volume of 1 to 2 microl, a blood meal may contain 1 x 10(4) to 3 x 10(4) leukocytes (WBC). The majority of WBC are composed of neutrophils which may phagocytose and kill developing gametes insi...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.65.9.3834-3837.1997
更新日期:1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Legionella pneumophila multiplied rapidly in guinea pig and rat alveolar macrophages but failed to grow when phagocytic activity was inhibited by pretreatment with 0.5 or 1.0 microgram of cytochalasin D per ml. Attachment was not inhibited by cytochalasin D. No extracellular multiplication occurred when L. pneumophila...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.51.1.31-36.1986
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Escherichia coli strains produce at least two heat-stable enterotoxins, STa and STb. STa is well known to be important in the pathogenesis of human diarrheal disease; the role of STb has not been defined. Fifty-two E. coli strains recovered from human diarrheal illness in northeast Brazil or Bangladesh were examined i...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.52.1.323-325.1986
更新日期:1986-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mannan (MAN) extracted from Candida albicans 20A was investigated for its potential as an antigen in the detection of cell-mediated immunity (CMI) in vivo and in vitro and for its ability to modulate CMI when administered intravenously (i.v.). CBA/J mice were either immunized as adults by the cutaneous inoculation of ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.57.3.693-700.1989
更新日期:1989-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) cause extraintestinal disease in avian species via respiratory tract infection. Virulence factors associated with APEC include type 1 and P fimbriae, curli, aerobactin, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), K1 capsular antigen, temperature-sensitive hemagglutinin (Tsh), and an uncharacteri...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/iai.71.1.494-503.2003
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neutralizing antibodies were raised in mice that had been inoculated repeatedly with moderate quantities of human leukocyte interferon highly purified by affinity chromatography on immobilized anti-interferon globulins. Interferon preparations of lesser purity sensitized the mice to subsequent inoculations of interfer...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.19.2.570-574.1978
更新日期:1978-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Strains of type III group B streptococci isolated from patients with neonatal sepsis are generally resistant to complement-mediated phagocytic killing in the absence of specific antibody. It has been suggested that the resistance of type III group B streptococci to phagocytosis results from inhibition of alternative-c...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.60.10.3986-3993.1992
更新日期:1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tuberculous pleurisy allows the study of human cells at the site of active Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. In this study, we found that among pleural fluid (PF) lymphocytes, natural killer (NK) cells are a major source of early gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) upon M. tuberculosis stimulation, leading us to investig...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.00381-07
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The amount of crude Campylobacter jejuni enterotoxin present in culture products was quantitated by comparing the response of these preparations with that of pure Escherichia coli heat-labile toxin (LT) in the Chinese hamster ovary assay and in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays that used GM ganglioside or antisera to...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.45.2.314-319.1984
更新日期:1984-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous examination of thin sections of L929 cells heavily infected with the Q fever Priscilla isolate by conventional transmission electron microscopy indicated that the rickettsiae resided within multiple vacuoles. The present study using high-voltage electron microscopy and three-dimensional reconstruction reveale...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.61.10.4485-4488.1993
更新日期:1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Streptococcus pneumoniae infections of the lung are associated with significant damage to the alveolar epithelium. Host phagocytes and pneumolysin, a cytolytic toxin of S. pneumoniae, are believed to contribute to this cellular damage, yet experiments in which these elements are absent demonstrate the presence of an a...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.61.10.4392-4397.1993
更新日期:1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Invasive aspergillosis is a serious fungal infection caused by the proliferation and invasion of Aspergillus hyphae in tissue. Neutrophils (PMNs) are the most important line of defense against Aspergillus hyphae. To investigate the role of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.61.4.1185-1193.1993
更新日期:1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mice given Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli via the respiratory route succumbed much sooner to infection than mice given 1,000 times more bacilli via the intravenous route. Vaccination provided increased protection to an M. tuberculosis challenge infection; however, mice infected via the respiratory route remained m...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The quantity of membrane-bound and extracellular exotoxin A in four strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was investigated. In strain PA-103, which is the prototype strain used for toxin production, all of the toxin was released into the growth medium and little toxin remained with the cell envelope. In a virulent strain ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1980-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A major goal of current vaccine development is the induction of strong immune responses against protective antigens delivered by mucosal routes. One of the most promising approaches in that respect relies on the use of live recombinant vaccine carriers. In this study, Mycobacterium bovis BCG was engineered to produce ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.66.12.5669-5676.1998
更新日期:1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The surface coat of Trypanosoma brucei, formed by about 10(7) molecules of the membrane-form variant surface glycoprotein (mfVSG) per cell, is generally considered to constitute a barrier against the access of antibodies directed to invariant surface proteins. The recent characterization of two invariant surface glyco...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.61.11.4540-4545.1993
更新日期:1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Carbon storage regulator A (CsrA) is an RNA binding protein that has been characterized in many bacterial species to play a central regulatory role by modulating several metabolic processes. We recently showed that a homolog of CsrA in Borrelia burgdorferi (CsrA(Bb), BB0184) was upregulated in response to propagation ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.00882-10
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mice were infected with 170 Trichinella spiralis larvae, and their blood clearance of carbon particles was studied 4, 7, 13, 32, and 135 days later and compared with that of noninfected control mice. Clearance in mice with a 4-day-old infection was comparable to that in the controls; clearances in mice with 7- and 13-...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1980-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Macrophages are critical mediators of innate immunity and must be overcome for bacterial pathogens to cause disease. The Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus produces virulence factors that impede macrophages and other immune cells. We previously determined that production of the metabolic cofactor lipoic aci...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.00344-19
更新日期:2019-09-19 00:00:00
abstract::The Corynebacterium diphtheriae hmuO gene encodes a heme oxygenase that is involved in the utilization of heme as an iron source. Transcription of hmuO is activated by heme or hemoglobin and repressed by iron and DtxR. Previous studies with Escherichia coli showed that heme-dependent transcriptional activation of an h...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.73.11.7406-7412.2005
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Legionella pneumophila, the gram-negative agent of Legionnaires' disease, possesses type IV pili and a type II protein secretion (Lsp) system, both of which are dependent upon the PilD prepilin peptidase. By analyzing multiple pilD mutants and various types of Lsp mutants as well as performing trans-complementation of...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/iai.72.1.310-321.2004
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of heat and chemical inactivation on the antigenicity and immunogenicity of Vibrio cholerae 1418 in rabbits were studied. V. cholerae 1418 was inactivated with heat and chemical inactivants (phenol or Formalin) alone or in combination. Enzyme-linked immunoassay systems employing whole cells of V. cholerae ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.38.1.21-26.1982
更新日期:1982-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antibodies to Escherichia coli O and K antigens were raised in rabbits by repeated immunizations with whole, Formalin-killed and, later, liver bacteria. The serum antibody levels were determined with the ammonium sulfate precipitation technique after radioiodinating the antigens. The K antigens had to be conjugated to...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.17.2.286-289.1977
更新日期:1977-08-01 00:00:00