Abstract:
:The processes of isolated rat sympathetic neurons growing in culture were marked with glass or carmine particles and observed with timelapse microphotography. Particles on the processes moved with the cell in relation to the dish and underwent continual small jerky movements. They did not, however, show any over-all distal motion and for long periods, during which the growth cone progressed more than 100 mu, the particles remained at about the same distance from the cell body. The most obvious explanation for this result is that new fiber surface, and perhaps the plasma membrane, is deposited in the region of the growing tip.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Bray Ddoi
10.1073/pnas.65.4.905subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1970-04-01 00:00:00pages
905-10issue
4eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490journal_volume
65pub_type
杂志文章abstract::8-Methylbenz[a]anthracene (8-MeBaA) transdihydrodiol metabolites were isolated by reversed-phase and normal-phase HPLCs from incubations of 8-MeBaA with liver microsomes or a reconstituted system containing purified cytochrome P-448 and epoxide hydrolase. Regardless of the enzyme source, the metabolically formed 8-MeB...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.79.22.6802
更新日期:1982-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have constructed a hybrid E beta gene by replacing the second exon of the Ed beta gene (which encodes the majority of the beta 1 protein domain) with the corresponding exon from the Eb beta gene. The hybrid gene has been introduced into a d haplotype host, the lymphoma beta-cell line A20-2J, and an E alpha E beta d...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.82.6.1678
更新日期:1985-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Deletion of 5 residues (Delta5) from the central cytoplasmic loop of the lactose permease of Escherichia coli has no significant effect on expression or activity, whereas Delta12 leads to increased rates of permease turnover after membrane insertion and decreased transport activity, and Delta20 abolishes insertion and...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.140224497
更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Retrieval of recently acquired declarative memories depends on the hippocampus, but with time, retrieval is increasingly sustainable by neocortical representations alone. This process has been conceptualized as system-level consolidation. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we assessed over the course of thre...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0507774103
更新日期:2006-01-17 00:00:00
abstract::Telomeric repeat-containing RNA (referred to as TERRA), a noncoding RNA molecule, has recently been found in mammalian cells. The detailed structural features and function of the TERRA RNA at human chromosome ends remain unclear, although this RNA molecule may be a key component of the telomere machinery. In the prese...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1001177107
更新日期:2010-08-17 00:00:00
abstract::We have determined the general constraints that govern sequence divergence in proteins that retain entirely, or very largely, the same structure and function. To do this we collected data from three different groups of orthologous sequences: those found in humans and mice, in humans and chickens, and in Escherichia co...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0703737104
更新日期:2007-06-12 00:00:00
abstract::Genome editing with engineered site-specific endonucleases involves nonhomologous end-joining, leading to reading frame disruption. The approach is applicable to dominant negative disorders, which can be treated simply by knocking out the mutant allele, while leaving the normal allele intact. We applied this strategy ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1512028113
更新日期:2016-05-17 00:00:00
abstract::During oxygenic photosynthesis in cyanobacteria and chloroplasts of plants and eukaryotic algae, conversion of light energy to biologically useful chemical energy occurs in the specialized thylakoid membranes. Light-induced charge separation at the reaction centers of photosystems I and II, two multisubunit pigment-pr...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.241503898
更新日期:2001-11-06 00:00:00
abstract::Novel cellular behaviors and characteristics can be obtained by coupling engineered gene networks to the cell's natural regulatory circuitry through appropriately designed input and output interfaces. Here, we demonstrate how an engineered genetic circuit can be used to construct cells that respond to biological signa...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0402940101
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oligomerization plays a critical role in shaping the light-harvesting properties of many photosynthetic pigment-protein complexes, but a detailed understanding of this process at the level of individual pigments is still lacking. To study the effects of oligomerization, we designed a single-molecule approach to probe ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1514027112
更新日期:2015-11-10 00:00:00
abstract::Nanoparticles are increasingly used in various fields, including biomedicine and electronics. One application utilizes the opacifying effect of nano-TiO(2), which is frequently used as pigment in cosmetics. Although TiO(2) is believed to be biologically inert, an emerging literature reports increased incidence of resp...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1008155107
更新日期:2010-11-09 00:00:00
abstract::A Down's syndrome associated gene, Single Minded 2 gene short form (SIM2-s), is specifically expressed in colon tumors but not in the normal colon. Antisense inhibition of SIM2-s in a RKO-derived colon carcinoma cell line causes growth inhibition, apoptosis, and inhibition of tumor growth in a nude mouse tumoriginicit...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0505484102
更新日期:2005-09-06 00:00:00
abstract::Bacterial transpeptidase and transglycosylase on the surface are essential for cell wall synthesis, and many antibiotics have been developed to target the transpeptidase; however, the problem of antibiotic resistance has arisen and caused a major threat in bacterial infection. The transglycosylase has been considered ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1203900109
更新日期:2012-04-24 00:00:00
abstract::The N-terminal domain of the vaccinia virus protein E3L (Z alpha(E3L)) is essential for full viral pathogenicity in mice. It has sequence similarity to the high-affinity human Z-DNA-binding domains Z alpha(ADAR1) and Z alpha(DLM1). Here, we report the solution structure of Z alpha(E3L) and the chemical shift map of it...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0308612100
更新日期:2004-03-02 00:00:00
abstract::The biconcave disk shape and deformability of mammalian RBCs rely on the membrane skeleton, a viscoelastic network of short, membrane-associated actin filaments (F-actin) cross-linked by long, flexible spectrin tetramers. Nonmuscle myosin II (NMII) motors exert force on diverse F-actin networks to control cell shapes,...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1718285115
更新日期:2018-05-08 00:00:00
abstract::A structural and functional model of bacterial nitric oxide reductase (NOR) has been designed by introducing two glutamates (Glu) and three histidines (His) in sperm whale myoglobin. X-ray structural data indicate that the three His and one Glu (V68E) residues bind iron, mimicking the putative Fe(B) site in NOR, while...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1000526107
更新日期:2010-05-11 00:00:00
abstract::Urea (200-400 milliosmolar) activates transcription, translation of, and trans-activation by the immediate-early gene transcription factor Egr-1 in a renal epithelial cell-specific fashion. The effect at the transcriptional level has been attributed to multiple serum response elements and their adjacent Ets motifs loc...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.93.20.11242
更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Because of the relative inaccessibility of known calciferol target tissues (i.e., intestine and bone), we examined fibroblasts derived from normal human skin and grown in tissue culture as a means of evaluating the interaction of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,25(OH)2D3] and its effector system. When dispersed, inta...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.78.4.2562
更新日期:1981-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::DEAD-box RNA helicase proteins use the energy of ATP hydrolysis to drive the unwinding of duplex RNA. However, the mechanism that couples ATP utilization to duplex RNA unwinding is unknown. We measured ATP utilization and duplex RNA unwinding by DbpA, a non-processive bacterial DEAD-box RNA helicase specifically activ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0913081107
更新日期:2010-03-02 00:00:00
abstract::The global prevalence of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes (T2D) is increasing, and it is contributing to the susceptibility to diabetes and its related epidemic in offspring. Although the impacts of paternal impaired fasting blood glucose and glucose intolerance on the metabolism of offspring have been well established...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1321195111
更新日期:2014-02-04 00:00:00
abstract::Dietary restriction has been shown to have several health benefits including increased insulin sensitivity, stress resistance, reduced morbidity, and increased life span. The mechanism remains unknown, but the need for a long-term reduction in caloric intake to achieve these benefits has been assumed. We report that w...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1035720100
更新日期:2003-05-13 00:00:00
abstract::The role of missense changes in BRCA1 in breast cancer susceptibility has been difficult to establish. We used comparative evolutionary methods to identify potential functionally important amino acid sites in exon 11 and missense changes likely to disrupt gene function, aligning sequences from 57 eutherian mammals and...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0237285100
更新日期:2003-02-04 00:00:00
abstract::H2O2, in concentrations achieved in the proximity of stimulated leukocytes, induces injury and lysis of target cells. This may be an important aspect of inflammatory injury of tissues. Cell lysis in two target cells, the murine macrophage-like tumor cell line P388D1 and human peripheral lymphocytes, was found to be as...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.83.13.4908
更新日期:1986-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The techniques of electrophoresis were used in a search for evidence of mutation affecting protein structure, the indicators being hemoglobin and a set of serum proteins and erythrocyte enzymes. Among 94,796 locus tests on Amerindians from Central and South America, there was no evidence for mutation. Among 105,649 lo...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.77.10.6037
更新日期:1980-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) can be used to distinguish two DNA molecules that differ by as little as a single-base substitution. This method detects approximately 50% of all possible single-base changes in DNA fragments ranging from 50 to approximately 1000 base pairs. To increase the number of sing...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.86.1.232
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A major involvement of IFNalpha in the etiopathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus has been suggested by clinical observations, including the increase of serum levels of this cytokine in patients with active disease. Supporting this hypothesis, we have shown that expression of IFNalpha from a recombinant adenovir...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0900615106
更新日期:2009-03-31 00:00:00
abstract::In the 7 years since dynamin was first isolated from bovine brain in search of novel microtubule-based motors, our understanding of this enzyme has expanded significantly. We now know that brain dynamin belongs to a family of large GTPases, which mediate vesicle trafficking. Furthermore, this enzymatic activity is mar...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1073/pnas.94.2.377
更新日期:1997-01-21 00:00:00
abstract::In vivo expression technology (IVET) has been used to identify > 100 Salmonella typhimurium genes that are specifically expressed during infection of BALB/c mice and/or murine cultured macrophages. Induction of these genes is shown to be required for survival in the animal under conditions of the IVET selection. One c...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.94.3.934
更新日期:1997-02-04 00:00:00
abstract::Bacteria use membrane-integral sensor histidine kinases (HK) to perceive stimuli and transduce signals from the environment to the cytosol. Information on how the signal is transmitted across the membrane by HKs is still scarce. Combining both liquid- and solid-state NMR, we demonstrate that structural rearrangements ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1620286114
更新日期:2017-03-21 00:00:00
abstract::Many studies have reported age-related changes in immune responses that could be due to alterations in lymphoid cell numbers or functions. Here we report the results of studies using immunofluorescent staining and in vitro assays of cellular function to compare the expression of cell surface antigens on lymphocytes fr...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.84.21.7624
更新日期:1987-11-01 00:00:00