Abstract:
:In vivo expression technology (IVET) has been used to identify > 100 Salmonella typhimurium genes that are specifically expressed during infection of BALB/c mice and/or murine cultured macrophages. Induction of these genes is shown to be required for survival in the animal under conditions of the IVET selection. One class of in vivo induced (ivi) genes, iviVI-A and iviVI-B, constitute an operon that resides in a region of the Salmonella genome with low G+C content and presumably has been acquired by horizontal transfer. These ivi genes encode predicted proteins that are similar to adhesins and invasins from prokaryotic and eukaryotic pathogens (Escherichia coli [tia], Plasmodium falciparum [PfEMP1]) and have coopted the PhoPQ regulatory circuitry of Salmonella virulence genes. Examination of the in vivo induction profile indicates (i) many ivi genes encode regulatory functions (e.g., phoPQ and pmrAB) that serve to enhance the sensitivity and amplitude of virulence gene expression (e.g., spvB); (ii) the biochemical function of many metabolic genes may not represent their sole contribution to virulence; (iii) the host ecology can be inferred from the biochemical functions of ivi genes; and (iv) nutrient limitation plays a dual signaling role in pathogenesis: to induce metabolic functions that complement host nutritional deficiencies and to induce virulence functions required for immediate survival and spread to subsequent host sites.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Heithoff DM,Conner CP,Hanna PC,Julio SM,Hentschel U,Mahan MJdoi
10.1073/pnas.94.3.934subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1997-02-04 00:00:00pages
934-9issue
3eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490journal_volume
94pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Uniparentally inherited mutations to antibiotic resistance and dependence in Chlamydomonas reinhardi exhibit an altered chloroplast ribosome phenotype. Genetic studies demonstrate an absolute correlation between the drug resistance or dependence and the ribosome phenotype in two such mutants. ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.67.2.1026
更新日期:1970-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have identified an adenovirus type 5(Ad5) early gene function located in early region 1 which is required for the production of early cytoplasmic mRNAs corresponding to early regions 2, 3, and 4. Mutant dl312 (lacks the segment between 1.5 and 4.5 map units) grows as well as wild-type virus in 293 cells (Ad5-trans...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.76.8.3665
更新日期:1979-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cerebral malaria is the most deadly manifestation of infection with Plasmodium falciparum. The pathology of cerebral malaria is characterized by the accumulation of infected erythrocytes (IEs) in the microvasculature of the brain caused by parasite adhesins on the surface of IEs binding to human receptors on microvasc...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1120461109
更新日期:2012-06-26 00:00:00
abstract::2-Acetylpyridine 5-[(dimethylamino)thiocarbonyl]thiocarbonohydrazone (A1110U) was found to be a potent inactivator of the ribonucleotide reductases (EC 1.17.4.1) encoded by herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 and by varicella-zoster virus and to be a weaker inactivator of human ribonucleotide reductase. It also markedl...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.86.3.1051
更新日期:1989-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Classification within the genus Pistacia has been based on leaf morphology and geographical distribution. Molecular genetic tools (PCR amplification followed by restriction analysis of a 3.2-kb region of variable chloroplast DNA, and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the Pistacia cpDNA with tobacco ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.94.15.7987
更新日期:1997-07-22 00:00:00
abstract::The origin-binding protein (OBP) from herpes simplex virus 1 is a member of the SF2 helicase superfamily and is required for the initiation of DNA synthesis from a viral origin of DNA replication (oriS). The high-affinity binding sites for OBP in oriS, boxes I and II, are separated by an A+T-rich spacer. We used the g...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.91.11.4629
更新日期:1994-05-24 00:00:00
abstract::Visual development is thought to be completed at an early age. We suggest that the maturation of the visual brain is not homogeneous: functions with greater need for early availability, such as visuomotor control, mature earlier, and the development of other visual functions may extend well into childhood. We found si...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.96.21.12204
更新日期:1999-10-12 00:00:00
abstract::Focally evoked calcium waves in astrocyte cultures have been thought to propagate by gap-junction-mediated intercellular passage of chemical signal(s). In contrast to this mechanism we observed isolated astrocytes, which had no physical contact with other astrocytes in the culture, participating in a calcium wave. Thi...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.93.23.13268
更新日期:1996-11-12 00:00:00
abstract::The membrane glycoproteins specified by herpes simplex virus are synthesized concurrently with structural viral proteins and accumulate in the cytoplasm and in the membranes lining it. Analyses of free and membranebound polyribosomes, the cytoplasmic pool of soluble proteins, and purified smooth membranes showed that ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.66.3.730
更新日期:1970-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We present an algorithm to generate complete evolutionary profiles that represent the topology of the molecular phylogenetic tree of the homologous group. The method, based on the multidimensional QR factorization of numerically encoded multiple sequence alignments, removes redundancy from the alignments and orders th...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0409715102
更新日期:2005-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::Progressive myoclonus epilepsy of Univerricht-Lundborg type is a clinically defined entity among the progressive myoclonus epilepsies. It is an autosomal recessive disorder. The underlying biochemical defect is unknown. We used linkage analysis to localize the gene in 12 families with the aid of polymorphic DNA marker...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.88.9.3696
更新日期:1991-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The lack of genetic means has been a serious limitation in studying mosquito immunity. We generated Relish-mediated immune deficiency (RMID) by transforming Aedes aegypti with the Delta Rel transgene driven by the vitellogenin (Vg) promoter using the pBac[3xP3-EGFP, afm] vector. A stable transformed line had a single ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0537347100
更新日期:2003-03-04 00:00:00
abstract::The kinetics of biomolecular isomerization processes, such as protein folding, is governed by a free-energy surface of high dimensionality and complexity. As an alternative to projections into one or two dimensions, the free-energy surface can be mapped into a weighted network where nodes and links are configurations ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0608099104
更新日期:2007-02-06 00:00:00
abstract::Type 2 diabetes is preceded by the development of insulin resistance, in which the action of insulin is impaired, largely in skeletal muscles. Caveolin-3 (Cav3) is a muscle-specific subtype of caveolin, an example of a scaffolding protein found within membranes. Cav is also known as growth signal inhibitor, although i...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0402053101
更新日期:2004-08-24 00:00:00
abstract::A gene encoding steroid 18-hydroxylase (P-450C18) was isolated from a human genomic DNA library. It was identified as CYP11B2, which was previously postulated to be a pseudogene or a less active gene closely related to CYP11B1, the gene encoding steroid 11 beta-hydroxylase (P-45011 beta) [Mornet, E., Dupont, J., Vitek...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.89.4.1458
更新日期:1992-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::Most small multicopy antibiotic-resistance plasmids of Staphylococcus aureus contain a major axis of hyphenated dyad symmetry (palA) that is required for normal replication and stability, although located outside of the minimal replicon. Rearrangements affecting palA cause plasmid instability, a marked reduction in co...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.84.8.2165
更新日期:1987-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mutant Escherichia coli strains in which export of the LamB protein (coded for by the lamB gene) to the outer membrane of the cell is prevented have been described previously. One of these mutant strains contains a small (12-base pair) deletion mutation within the region of the lamB gene that codes for the NH2-termina...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.80.15.4599
更新日期:1983-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have examined the extent of tyrosine phosphorylation of talin, a component of the cytoskeleton localized in the focal adhesions and, therefore, a potential substrate of p60v-src, the transforming protein of Rous sarcoma virus. p60v-src is a tyrosine kinase that induces high levels of phosphotyrosine and the disorga...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.83.15.5507
更新日期:1986-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Activator of G protein signaling 3 (AGS3), originally identified in a functional screen for mammalian proteins that activate heterotrimeric G protein signaling, is known to be involved in drug-seeking behavior and is up-regulated during cocaine withdrawal in animal models. These observations indicate a potential role ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0709282104
更新日期:2007-11-13 00:00:00
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1209888110
更新日期:2013-03-26 00:00:00
abstract::Measurements of auditory sensitivity in terms of the cochlear potentials were made in young specimens of three species of crocodilians, Caiman crocodilus and Alligator mississipiensis of the subfamily Alligatorinae and Crocodylus acutus of the subfamily Crocodylinae. These species show considerable similarity in their...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.68.7.1498
更新日期:1971-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Is the pathway of protein folding determined by the relative stability of folding intermediates, or by the relative height of the activation barriers leading to these intermediates? This is a fundamental question for resolving the Levinthal paradox, which stated that protein folding by a random search mechanism would ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.93.6.2539
更新日期:1996-03-19 00:00:00
abstract::The perceptual quality of odors usually is robust to variability in concentration. However, maps of neural activation across the olfactory bulb glomerular layer are not stable in this respect; rather, glomerular odor representations both broaden and intensify as odorant concentrations are increased. The relative level...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0608564104
更新日期:2007-02-06 00:00:00
abstract::Estrogen receptors (ERs) are believed to be ligand-activated transcription factors belonging to the nuclear receptor superfamily, which on ligand binding translocate into the nucleus and activate gene transcription. To date, two ERs have been identified: ERalpha and ERbeta. ERalpha plays major role in the estrogen-med...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0306948101
更新日期:2004-03-23 00:00:00
abstract::The human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a key representative of tyrosine kinase receptors, ubiquitous actors in cell signaling, proliferation, differentiation, and migration. Although the receptor is well-studied, a central issue remains: How does the compositional diversity and functional diversity of th...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1105666108
更新日期:2011-05-31 00:00:00
abstract::A genomic clone coding for the alpha subunit of the mouse complement receptor type 3 and the cellular adhesion molecule Mac-1 has been isolated directly from a genomic library using synthetic oligonucleotide probes based on the amino-terminal amino acid sequence of the protein. The identity of the clone has been estab...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.83.15.5644
更新日期:1986-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The RuvB protein is induced in Escherichia coli as part of the SOS response to DNA damage. It is required for genetic recombination and the postreplication repair of DNA. In vitro, the RuvB protein promotes the branch migration of Holliday junctions and has a DNA helicase activity in reactions that require ATP hydroly...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.91.16.7618
更新日期:1994-08-02 00:00:00
abstract::The interrelationships of hexose feeding and insulin action were studied in the Chinese hamster fibroblast cell lines 023 and DS-7. The latter, derived from 023 and deficient in phosphoglucose isomerase, has been used to map the metabolic requirements for aldohexose-mediated down-regulation or "curbing" of hexose tran...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.83.11.3684
更新日期:1986-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have isolated, cloned, and characterized two cDNAs corresponding to the mRNAs for cationic peroxidases synthesized by cultured peanut cells. The first clone was obtained from a phage lambda gt11 library screened with antibodies directed against the major secreted isozyme. Its predicted amino acid sequence, deduced ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.87.22.8874
更新日期:1990-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Radioimmunoassay revealed increased dynorphin A(1-8)-like immunoreactivity [dynA(1-8)LI] in the aged rat brain. Among a number of brain regions examined, an age-related dynA(1-8)LI elevation was found only in the hippocampal formation and frontal cortex. Moreover, the increase in dynA(1-8)LI in the aged hippocampus wa...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.86.8.2948
更新日期:1989-04-01 00:00:00