Roles of glutamates and metal ions in a rationally designed nitric oxide reductase based on myoglobin.

abstract：:There is currently no consensus on the importance of climate change in Mesoamerican prehistory. Some invoke drought as a causal factor in major cultural transitions, including the abandonment of many sites at 900 CE, while others conclude that cultural factors were more important. This lack of agreement reflects the f...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bhattacharya T,Byrne R,Böhnel H,Wogau K,Kienel U,Ingram BL,Zimmerman S

更新日期：2015-02-10 00:00:00

abstract：:This introduction to the Special Feature presents the context for science during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill response, summarizes how scientific knowledge was integrated across disciplines and statutory responsibilities, identifies areas where scientific information was accurate and where it was not, and considers...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lubchenco J,McNutt MK,Dreyfus G,Murawski SA,Kennedy DM,Anastas PT,Chu S,Hunter T

更新日期：2012-12-11 00:00:00

abstract：:By combining the pairwise interactions between proteins, as predicted by the conserved co-occurrence of their genes in operons, we obtain protein interaction networks. Here we study the properties of such networks to identify functional modules: sets of proteins that together are involved in a biological process. The ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Snel B,Bork P,Huynen MA

更新日期：2002-04-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Phage phi 29 DNA cannot be phosphorylated with polynucleotide kinase and [gamma-32P]ATP because of the presence of a viral protein covalently linked to the 5' termini. The 5' ends can, however, be made susceptible to phosphorylation by treatment with alkali and alkaline phosphatase. Restriction fragments Hpa II C and ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Escarmís C,Salas M

更新日期：1981-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Brown-rot fungi such as Postia placenta are common inhabitants of forest ecosystems and are also largely responsible for the destructive decay of wooden structures. Rapid depolymerization of cellulose is a distinguishing feature of brown-rot, but the biochemical mechanisms and underlying genetics are poorly understood...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Martinez D,Challacombe J,Morgenstern I,Hibbett D,Schmoll M,Kubicek CP,Ferreira P,Ruiz-Duenas FJ,Martinez AT,Kersten P,Hammel KE,Vanden Wymelenberg A,Gaskell J,Lindquist E,Sabat G,Bondurant SS,Larrondo LF,Canessa P,Vic

更新日期：2009-02-10 00:00:00

abstract：:A large number of primary petite (rho-) clones were isolated after ethidium bromide mutagenesis of various grande (rho+) strains of S. cerevisiae that contained the mitochondrial genetic markers, CR, ER, OIR (or OIIR), and PR. From the frequency of coretention of markers in the petites, we have deduced a probable circ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Boltin-Fukuhara M,Fukuhara H

更新日期：1976-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The history of the genus Pan is a topic of enduring interest. Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) are often divided into subspecies, but the population structure and genetic history of chimpanzees across Africa remain unclear. Some population genetics studies have led to speculation that, until recently, this species consti...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gonder MK,Locatelli S,Ghobrial L,Mitchell MW,Kujawski JT,Lankester FJ,Stewart CB,Tishkoff SA

更新日期：2011-03-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Emotional responses, such as fear and anxiety, are fundamentally important behavioral phenomena with strong fitness components in most animal species. Anxiety-related disorders continue to represent a major unmet medical need in our society, mostly because we still do not fully understand the mechanisms of these disea...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Choi JH,Jeong YM,Kim S,Lee B,Ariyasiri K,Kim HT,Jung SH,Hwang KS,Choi TI,Park CO,Huh WK,Carl M,Rosenfeld JA,Raskin S,Ma A,Gecz J,Kim HG,Kim JS,Shin HC,Park DS,Gerlai R,Jamieson BB,Kim JS,Iremonger KJ,Lee S

更新日期：2018-01-30 00:00:00

abstract：:A major involvement of IFNalpha in the etiopathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus has been suggested by clinical observations, including the increase of serum levels of this cytokine in patients with active disease. Supporting this hypothesis, we have shown that expression of IFNalpha from a recombinant adenovir...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zagury D,Le Buanec H,Mathian A,Larcier P,Burnett R,Amoura Z,Emilie D,Peltre G,Bensussan A,Bizzini B,Gallo RC,Koutouzov S

更新日期：2009-03-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Since its discovery in 1907, polyploidy has been recognized as an important phenomenon in vascular plants, and several lines of evidence indicate that most, if not all, plant species ultimately have a polyploid ancestry. However, previous estimates of the frequency of polyploid speciation suggest that the formation an...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wood TE,Takebayashi N,Barker MS,Mayrose I,Greenspoon PB,Rieseberg LH

更新日期：2009-08-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Asexual freshwater planarians reproduce by tearing themselves into two pieces by a process called binary fission. The resulting head and tail pieces regenerate within about a week, forming two new worms. Understanding this process of ripping oneself into two parts poses a challenging biomechanical problem. Because pla...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Malinowski PT,Cochet-Escartin O,Kaj KJ,Ronan E,Groisman A,Diamond PH,Collins ES

更新日期：2017-10-10 00:00:00

abstract：:The kinetics of electrogenic events associated with the different steps of the light-induced proton pump of bacteriorhodopsin is well studied in a wide range of time scales by direct electric methods. However, the investigation of the fundamental primary charge translocation phenomena taking place in the functional en...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Groma GI,Hebling J,Kozma IZ,Váró G,Hauer J,Kuhl J,Riedle E

更新日期：2008-05-13 00:00:00

abstract：:MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, 18-22 nt long, noncoding RNAs that act as potent negative gene regulators in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. To repress gene expression, miRNAs are packaged into RNA-induced silencing complexes (RISCs) that target mRNAs for degradation and/or translational repressio...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chen AK,Sengupta P,Waki K,Van Engelenburg SB,Ochiya T,Ablan SD,Freed EO,Lippincott-Schwartz J

更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Policy folklists present a set of alleged historical facts seen as relevant to some social issue. Although the validity of these folklists is dubious, leaders and writers circulate them in the media, variants arise, and the lists continue on, sometimes for decades. Folklists are repeated because their messages are app...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： O'Neill B

更新日期：2014-07-22 00:00:00

abstract：:HIV infection leads to a state of chronic immune activation and progressive deterioration in immune function, manifested most recognizably by the progressive depletion of CD4+ T cells. A substantial percentage of natural killer (NK) cells from patients with HIV infection are activated and express the natural cytotoxic...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Vieillard V,Strominger JL,Debré P

更新日期：2005-08-02 00:00:00

abstract：:I demonstrate the existence in protein domain sequences of sets of statistically significant periodic signals, characteristic of the architectures of those domains. It is shown that, although the frequencies of the signals characteristic of a particular architecture have definite wave numbers, they can occur in any ph...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Rackovsky S

更新日期：1998-07-21 00:00:00

abstract：:The detrimental effects of elevated intensities of mid-UV radiation (UVB), a result of stratospheric ozone depletion during the austral spring, on the primary producers of the Antarctic marine ecosystem have been well documented. Here we report that natural populations of Antarctic zooplankton also sustain significant...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Malloy KD,Holman MA,Mitchell D,Detrich HW 3rd

更新日期：1997-02-18 00:00:00

abstract：:During meiosis, homologous chromosomes recombine and become closely apposed along their lengths within the synaptonemal complex (SC). In part because Spo11 is required both to make the double-strand breaks (DSBs) that initiate recombination and to promote normal SC formation in many organisms, it is clear that these t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Henderson KA,Keeney S

更新日期：2004-03-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a neuropeptide that coexists with acetylcholine in spinal cord motoneurons. The effects of CGRP on the functional properties of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AcChoR) were examined by electrophysiological methods. Using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique and a mouse c...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mulle C,Benoit P,Pinset C,Roa M,Changeux JP

更新日期：1988-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Defining the links between cell division and DNA replication is essential for understanding normal cell cycle progression and tumorigenesis. In this report we explore the effect of phosphorylation of cell division cycle 6 (Cdc6), a DNA replication initiation factor, by polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) on the regulation of ch...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yim H,Erikson RL

更新日期：2010-11-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Monoclonal antibodies can block cellular interactions that negatively regulate T-cell immune responses, such as CD80/CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD1-L, amplifying preexisting immunity and thereby evoking antitumor immune responses. Ibrutinib, an approved therapy for B-cell malignancies, is a covalent inhibitor of BTK, a member of...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sagiv-Barfi I,Kohrt HE,Czerwinski DK,Ng PP,Chang BY,Levy R

更新日期：2015-03-03 00:00:00

abstract：:The downstream box (DB) is a sequence element that enhances translation of several bacterial and phage mRNAs. It has been proposed that the DB enhances translation by base pairing transiently to bases 1469-1483 of 16S rRNA, the so-called anti-DB, during the initiation phase of translation. We have tested this model of...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： O'Connor M,Asai T,Squires CL,Dahlberg AE

更新日期：1999-08-03 00:00:00

abstract：:A calix[4]arene was designed to reversibly dimerize and form an egg-shaped enclosure. Adhesive interactions in the assembly were provided by four self-associating ureas, which form a cyclic array containing 16 hydrogen bonds. The synthesis was completed in four steps from the previously described O,O',O",O"'-tetrabenz...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Shimizu KD,Rebek J Jr

更新日期：1995-12-19 00:00:00

abstract：:In many song birds, males develop their songs as adults by imitating the songs of one or more tutors, memorized previously during a sensitive phase early in life. Previous work using two assays, the production of imitations by adult males and playback-induced calling by young birds during the sensitive phase for memor...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nelson DA

更新日期：2000-11-21 00:00:00

abstract：:The sessile plants have evolved a large number of receptor-like kinases (RLKs) and receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases (RLCKs) to modulate diverse biological processes, including plant innate immunity. Phosphorylation of the RLK/RLCK complex constitutes an essential step to initiate immune signaling. Two Arabidopsis pla...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lin W,Li B,Lu D,Chen S,Zhu N,He P,Shan L

更新日期：2014-03-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Because virtually all organisms compete with others in their social environment, mechanisms that reduce conflict between interacting individuals are crucial for the evolution of stable families, groups, and societies. Here, we tested whether costs of social conflict over territorial space between Seychelles warblers (...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bebbington K,Kingma SA,Fairfield EA,Dugdale HL,Komdeur J,Spurgin LG,Richardson DS

更新日期：2017-10-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Molecular cloning has established the primary structures of two precursors of the human pancreas growth hormone-releasing factor (hpGRF-44), somatocrinin. Both polypeptides contain the sequence of hpGRF-44 flanked by basic processing sites. Furthermore, the precursors include a putative signal sequence and a carboxyl-...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gubler U,Monahan JJ,Lomedico PT,Bhatt RS,Collier KJ,Hoffman BJ,Böhlen P,Esch F,Ling N,Zeytin F,Brazeau P,Poonian MS,Gage LP

更新日期：1983-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There is controversy over the nature of the disturbance in brain development that underpins attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In particular, it is unclear whether the disorder results from a delay in brain maturation or whether it represents a complete deviation from the template of typical development....

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Shaw P,Eckstrand K,Sharp W,Blumenthal J,Lerch JP,Greenstein D,Clasen L,Evans A,Giedd J,Rapoport JL

更新日期：2007-12-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Dual-color fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy (dual-color FCS) has previously been shown to be a suitable tool not only for binding but also for catalytic rate studies. In this work, its application as a rapid method for high-throughput screening (HTS) and evolutionary biotechnology is described. This applica...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Koltermann A,Kettling U,Bieschke J,Winkler T,Eigen M

更新日期：1998-02-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Variation between North Korean and Latin American isolates in the circumsporozoite (CS) protein encoding gene of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium vivax was studied. Polymorphic positions are confined to the central tandemly repeated sequences. Nucleotide substitutions in the tandem repeats produce variants; these...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Arnot DE,Barnwell JW,Stewart MJ

更新日期：1988-11-01 00:00:00