Abstract:
:Streptolysin-O (SLO) is a thiol-activated, membrane-damaging protein toxin of Mr 69,000 that is produced by most strains of beta-hemolytic group A streptococci. Native, primarily water-soluble toxin molecules bind to cholesterol-containing target membranes to assemble into supramolecular curved rod structures (25 to 100 nm long by ca. 7.5 nm wide), forming rings and arcs that penetrate into the apolar domain of the bilayer. Electron microscopic analyses of toxin polymers in their native and reconstituted membrane-bound form indicate that the convex surface of the rod structures is a hydrophobic, lipid-binding domain, whereas the concave surfaces appear to be hydrophilic. The embedment of the rings and arcs generates large transmembrane slits or pores of up to 30-nm diameter that can be directly visualized by negative staining and freeze-fracture electron microscopy. SLO oligomers were isolated in extensively delipidated form in detergent solution, and cholesterol was found not to detectably contribute to the observed rod structures. The rods are stable structures that resist prolonged exposure to trypsin and chymotrypsin. They can be reincorporated into cholesterol-free phosphatidylcholine liposomes to generate lesions identical to those observed on erythrocytes lysed by native SLO. Thus, although cholesterol plays a key role in the initial binding of SLO to the membrane, it does not directly participate in the formation of the membrane-penetrating toxin channels. Membrane damage by SLO is basically analogous to that mediated by previously studied channel formers, namely, the C5b-9 complement complex and staphylococcal alpha-toxin.
journal_name
Infect Immunjournal_title
Infection and immunityauthors
Bhakdi S,Tranum-Jensen J,Sziegoleit Adoi
10.1128/IAI.47.1.52-60.1985subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1985-01-01 00:00:00pages
52-60issue
1eissn
0019-9567issn
1098-5522journal_volume
47pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The mechanism of activation of intestinal guanylate cyclase by Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin (STa) has been studied by using isolated rat intestinal epithelial cells and purified brush border membrane (BBM) preparations. Inhibitors of prostaglandin biosynthesis, quinacrine and 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic aci...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.44.2.493-501.1984
更新日期:1984-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Infection and immunity
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更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Infection and immunity
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更新日期:1989-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.62.11.5075-5084.1994
更新日期:1994-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.33.1.171-177.1981
更新日期:1981-07-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1993-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Infection and immunity
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doi:
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1982-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1987-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2020-03-23 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/iai.70.1.345-349.2002
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Resistance against acute and chronic infection with Taxoplasma gondii in BALB/c and CBA/Ca mice was compared. Intraperitoneal inoculation of either 20, 40, or 80 cysts of the ME49 strain resulted in mortality rates in BALB/c mice of 12% (2 of 17), 50% (6 of 12), and 75% (9 of 12), respectively, within 3 weeks after in...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.61.6.2284-2288.1993
更新日期:1993-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.73.9.5540-5546.2005
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
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更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.74.2.1305-1312.2006
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Infection and immunity
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doi:10.1128/IAI.00924-17
更新日期:2018-07-23 00:00:00
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journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.64.11.4846-4849.1996
更新日期:1996-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Infection and immunity
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更新日期:1977-05-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.56.5.1394-1398.1988
更新日期:1988-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.55.3.521-527.1987
更新日期:1987-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.9.6.985-990.1974
更新日期:1974-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Staphylococcus aureus can produce a wide variety of exotoxins, including toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1), staphylococcal enterotoxins, and staphylococcal enterotoxin-like toxins. These toxins share superantigenic activity. To investigate the beta chain (Vbeta) specificities of each of these toxins, TSST-1 and al...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2019-01-24 00:00:00
abstract::Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains are responsible for causing hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS), and systemic administration of Shiga toxin (Stx)-specific human monoclonal antibodies (HuMAbs) is considered a promising approach for prevention or treatment of the disease in children. The goal of the pr...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/iai.71.6.3125-3130.2003
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bordetella pertussis 165-9K/129G, which produces a nontoxic form of pertussis toxin (PT), was used to prepare a whole-cell diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) vaccine. The in vivo potency and the serological response induced by this vaccine were comparable to those of the conventional DTP vaccine which contains active ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.60.3.1150-1155.1992
更新日期:1992-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::An immunoregulatory mechanism involving release of neutralizing autoantibodies (Aabs) to self cytokines during bacterial infections is presented herein. Intraperitoneal inoculation of Haemophilus influenzae type b into Sprague-Dawley rats resulted in a self-limiting meningitis. High levels of cells expressing mRNA for...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.65.8.3300-3303.1997
更新日期:1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Genetic resistance to lethal infection with Rickettsia tsutsugamushi was studied in over 30 inbred strains, inbred hybrids, and outbred stocks of mice. Inbred mice infected intraperitoneally with the Gilliam strain of R. tsutsugamushi showed three patterns of response: susceptible (A/HeJ, C3H/HeDub, C3H/HeJ, C3H/HeN, ...
journal_title:Infection and immunity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/IAI.19.2.583-588.1978
更新日期:1978-02-01 00:00:00