Dynamic phase transitions in freestanding polymer thin films.

abstract：:The multiwavelength anomalous diffraction (MAD) method for phase evaluation is now widely used in macromolecular crystallography. Successful MAD structure determinations have been carried out at the K or L absorption edges of a variety of elements. In this study, we investigate the anomalous scattering properties of u...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Liu Y,Ogata CM,Hendrickson WA

更新日期：2001-09-11 00:00:00

abstract：:We have compared the process of prophage lambda induction with that of prophage Mu. According to the Campbell model, rescue of lambda DNA from the host DNA involves reversal of lambda integration such that the prophage DNA is excised from the host chromosome. We have monitored this event by locating the prophage DNA w...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ljungquist E,Bukhari AI

更新日期：1977-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The T-box transcription factor TBX5 plays essential roles in cardiac and limb development. Various mutations in the TBX5 gene have been identified in patients with Holt-Oram syndrome, which is characterized by congenital defects in the heart and upper extremities. In this study, we identified a WW-domain-containing tr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Murakami M,Nakagawa M,Olson EN,Nakagawa O

更新日期：2005-12-13 00:00:00

abstract：:A quantitative understanding of nucleic acid hybridization is essential to many aspects of biotechnology, such as DNA microarrays, as well as to the structure and folding kinetics of RNA. However, predictions of nucleic acid secondary structures have long been impeded by the presence of helices interior to loops, so-c...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Isambert H,Siggia ED

更新日期：2000-06-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Pseudohypoaldosteronism type II is a salt-sensitive form of hypertension with hyperkalemia in humans caused by mutations in the with-no-lysine kinase 4 (WNK4). Several studies have shown that WNK4 modulates the activity of the renal Na(+)Cl(-) cotransporter, NCC. Because the renal consequences of WNK4 carrying pseudoa...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Castañeda-Bueno M,Cervantes-Pérez LG,Vázquez N,Uribe N,Kantesaria S,Morla L,Bobadilla NA,Doucet A,Alessi DR,Gamba G

更新日期：2012-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Cardiac myosin-binding protein C (cMyBP-C) is an accessory protein of striated muscle sarcomeres that is vital for maintaining regular heart function. Its 4 N-terminal regulatory domains, C0-C1-m-C2 (C0C2), influence actin and myosin interactions, the basic contractile proteins of muscle. Using neutron contrast variat...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Whitten AE,Jeffries CM,Harris SP,Trewhella J

更新日期：2008-11-25 00:00:00

abstract：:The human tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) gene encodes a pleiotropic cytokine that plays a critical role in basic immunologic processes. To investigate the TNF-alpha regulatory region in the primate lineage, we isolated TNF-alpha promoters from representative great apes, Old World monkeys, and New World monkey...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Leung JY,McKenzie FE,Uglialoro AM,Flores-Villanueva PO,Sorkin BC,Yunis EJ,Hartl DL,Goldfeld AE

更新日期：2000-06-06 00:00:00

abstract：:8-Azido[2-3H]adenine was used as a photoaffinity label for the purine-cytosine transport system. After irradiation in the presence of the photoaffinity label, the cells were converted into protoplasts, their plasma membranes were purified, and the membrane proteins were extracted and separated by NaDodSO4/PAGE. The ra...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Schmidt R,Manolson MF,Chevallier MR

更新日期：1984-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Are judicial rulings based solely on laws and facts? Legal formalism holds that judges apply legal reasons to the facts of a case in a rational, mechanical, and deliberative manner. In contrast, legal realists argue that the rational application of legal reasons does not sufficiently explain the decisions of judges an...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Danziger S,Levav J,Avnaim-Pesso L

更新日期：2011-04-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Staphylococcal protein A (SpA) is anchored to the cell wall envelope of Staphylococcus aureus by sortase A, which links the threonyl (T) of its C-terminal LPXTG motif to peptidoglycan cross-bridges (i.e., Gly5). SpA binds the Fcγ domains of IgG and protects staphylococci from opsonophagocytic clearance. Moreover, SpA ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Becker S,Frankel MB,Schneewind O,Missiakas D

更新日期：2014-01-28 00:00:00

abstract：:p63 inhibits metastasis. Here, we show that p63 (both TAp63 and ΔNp63 isoforms) regulates expression of miR-205 in prostate cancer (PCa) cells, and miR-205 is essential for the inhibitory effects of p63 on markers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), such as ZEB1 and vimentin. Correspondingly, the inhibitory ef...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tucci P,Agostini M,Grespi F,Markert EK,Terrinoni A,Vousden KH,Muller PA,Dötsch V,Kehrloesser S,Sayan BS,Giaccone G,Lowe SW,Takahashi N,Vandenabeele P,Knight RA,Levine AJ,Melino G

更新日期：2012-09-18 00:00:00

abstract：:T-cell anergy is a state of T cells that is hyporesponsive to stimulation via the T-cell receptor and costimulatory molecules and is thought to be important for self-tolerance. How T-cell anergy is regulated is still poorly understood. We report here that tuberous sclerosis (TSC)1 is critical for T-cell anergy. Defici...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Xie DL,Wu J,Lou YL,Zhong XP

更新日期：2012-08-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Scientific journal publications, and their contributions to knowledge, can be described by their depth (specialized, domain-specific knowledge extensions) and breadth (topical scope, including spanning multiple knowledge domains). Toward generating hypotheses about how scientists' personal dispositions would uniquely ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bateman TS,Hess AM

更新日期：2015-03-24 00:00:00

abstract：:RPE65 is a protein of unknown function expressed specifically by the retinal pigment epithelium. We examined all 14 exons of this gene in 147 unrelated patients with autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa (RP), in 15 patients with isolate RP, and in 45 patients with Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA). Sequence anomali...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Morimura H,Fishman GA,Grover SA,Fulton AB,Berson EL,Dryja TP

更新日期：1998-03-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Transcription of a right-handed double-helical DNA requires a relative rotation of the RNA polymerase and its nascent RNA around the DNA. We describe conditions under which the resistance to the rotational motion of the transcription ensemble around the DNA can be large. In such cases, the advancing polymerase generat...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Liu LF,Wang JC

更新日期：1987-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The goldfish (Carassius auratus) visual pathway displays continuous growth and plasticity throughout life. Since homeobox genes are important transcriptional regulators in development, we searched for homeobox genes in the adult goldfish retina and brain. Using the PCR, we discovered a repertoire of homeobox sequences...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Levine EM,Schechter N

更新日期：1993-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In a passive dendritic tree, inhibitory synaptic inputs activating ionic conductances with an equilibrium potential near the resting potential can effectively veto excitatory inputs. Analog interactions of this type can be very powerful if the inputs are appropriately timed and occur at certain locations. We examine w...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Koch C,Poggio T,Torre V

更新日期：1983-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Stimulation of resting CD4(+) T lymphocytes leads to rapid proliferation and differentiation into effector (Teff) or inducible regulatory (Treg) subsets with specific functions to promote or suppress immunity. Importantly, Teff and Treg use distinct metabolic programs to support subset specification, survival, and fun...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Michalek RD,Gerriets VA,Nichols AG,Inoue M,Kazmin D,Chang CY,Dwyer MA,Nelson ER,Pollizzi KN,Ilkayeva O,Giguere V,Zuercher WJ,Powell JD,Shinohara ML,McDonnell DP,Rathmell JC

更新日期：2011-11-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Expression of the two X-linked loci glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD; EC 1.1.1.49) and hypoxanthine:guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT; EC 2.4.2.8) was studied in single hair follicles of two females who were heterozygous for both of these genes (double heterozygotes). The coupling phase for these two loc...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Goldstein JL,Marks JF,Gartler SM

更新日期：1971-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Plant cuticles are composed of wax and cutin and evolved in the land plants as a hydrophobic boundary that reduces water loss from the plant epidermis. The expanding maize adult leaf displays a dynamic, proximodistal gradient of cuticle development, from the leaf base to the tip. Laser microdissection RNA Sequencing (...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Qiao P,Bourgault R,Mohammadi M,Matschi S,Philippe G,Smith LG,Gore MA,Molina I,Scanlon MJ

更新日期：2020-06-02 00:00:00

abstract：:While seeking a new host cell, obligate intracellular parasites, such as the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, must be able to endure the stress of an extracellular environment. The mechanisms Toxoplasma use to remain viable while deprived of a host cell are not understood. We have previously shown that phosphorylation of ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Joyce BR,Queener SF,Wek RC,Sullivan WJ Jr

更新日期：2010-10-05 00:00:00

abstract：:We have studied the effect of the cholinergic agonist carbachol on the spontaneous release of glutamate in cultured rat hippocampal cells. Spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) through glutamatergic alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)-type channels were recorded by means of ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bouron A,Reuter H

更新日期：1997-10-28 00:00:00

abstract：:The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) and the acetylcholine binding protein (AChBP) are pentameric oligomers in which binding sites for nicotinic agonists and competitive antagonists are found at selected subunit interfaces. The nAChR spontaneously exists in multiple conformations associated with its activation...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kaczanowska K,Harel M,Radić Z,Changeux JP,Finn MG,Taylor P

更新日期：2014-07-22 00:00:00

abstract：:IDIOTYPY HAS BEEN STUDIED IN ANTIBODIES AGAINST A PROTEIN ANTIGEN: hen ovalbumin. Various fractions of antisera to hen ovalbumin have been compared from the standpoint of the idiotypic specificities found on the immunoglobulins that they contain. Idiotypic specificities were found to be common to (a) antibodies that w...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Oudin J,Cazenave PA

更新日期：1971-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Node characteristics and behaviors are often correlated with the structure of social networks over time. While evidence of this type of assortative mixing and temporal clustering of behaviors among linked nodes is used to support claims of peer influence and social contagion in networks, homophily may also explain suc...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Aral S,Muchnik L,Sundararajan A

更新日期：2009-12-22 00:00:00

abstract：:The rise of inorganic-biological hybrid organisms for solar-to-chemical production has spurred mechanistic investigations into the dynamics of the biotic-abiotic interface to drive the development of next-generation systems. The model system, Moorella thermoacetica-cadmium sulfide (CdS), combines an inorganic semicond...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kornienko N,Sakimoto KK,Herlihy DM,Nguyen SC,Alivisatos AP,Harris CB,Schwartzberg A,Yang P

更新日期：2016-10-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Metastasis, the truly lethal aspect of cancer, occurs when metastatic cancer cells in a tumor break through the basement membrane and penetrate the extracellular matrix. We show that MDA-MB-231 metastatic breast cancer cells cooperatively invade a 3D collagen matrix while following a glucose gradient. The invasion fro...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Liu L,Duclos G,Sun B,Lee J,Wu A,Kam Y,Sontag ED,Stone HA,Sturm JC,Gatenby RA,Austin RH

更新日期：2013-01-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Granulosa cells from immature hypophysectomized diethylstilbestrol-treated rats displayed pronounced intracellular and intercellular changes after 48 hr of exposure to follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in vitro. As determined by light and electron microscopy, most of the FSH-treated cells became highly aggregated and...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Amsterdam A,Knecht M,Catt KJ

更新日期：1981-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In photosynthetic systems, the absorbed light energy is used to generate electron transport or it is lost in the form of fluorescence and thermal emission. While fluorescence can be readily measured, the detection of thermal deactivation processes can be achieved by the photoacoustic technique. In that case, the press...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Allakhverdiev SI,Klimov VV,Carpentier R

更新日期：1994-01-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Allostery, the coupling between ligand binding and protein conformational change, is the heart of biological network and it has often been explained by two representative models, the induced-fit and the population-shift models. Here, we clarified for what systems one model fits better than the other by performing mole...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Okazaki K,Takada S

更新日期：2008-08-12 00:00:00