Different personal propensities among scientists relate to deeper vs. broader knowledge contributions.

abstract：:We used digital fluorescence microscopy to make real-time observations of anaphase chromosome movement and changes in microtubule organization in spindles assembled in Xenopus egg extracts. Anaphase chromosome movement in these extracts resembled that seen in living vertebrate cells. During anaphase chromosomes moved ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Murray AW,Desai AB,Salmon ED

更新日期：1996-10-29 00:00:00

abstract：:The formation of viable genetic chimeras in mammals through the transfer of cells between siblings in utero is rare. Using microsatellite DNA markers, we show here that chimerism in marmoset (Callithrix kuhlii) twins is not limited to blood-derived hematopoietic tissues as was previously described. All somatic tissue ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ross CN,French JA,Ortí G

更新日期：2007-04-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Visualizing macromolecular complexes by single-particle electron microscopy (EM) entails stringent biochemical purification, specimen preparation, low-dose imaging, and 3D image reconstruction. Here, we introduce the "monolayer purification" method, which employs nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid (Ni-NTA) functionalized li...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kelly DF,Dukovski D,Walz T

更新日期：2008-03-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Old noninbred fly mortality decreases according to the inverse linear law and reduces to a single suborder-specific age. Relative child mortality (the mortality at a given age related to the mortality at 10 years) from 1 mo to 11 years is the same with 8% mean accuracy for all humans, independent of race, country, sex...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Azbel' MY

更新日期：1998-07-21 00:00:00

abstract：:The four principal gut epithelial cell lineages undergo continuous and rapid renewal during a geographically well-organized migration along the crypt-to-villus axis. The molecules that regulate their proliferation and differentiation programs are largely unknown. The large tumor antigen (TAg) of wild-type (wt) simian ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kim SH,Roth KA,Coopersmith CM,Pipas JM,Gordon JI

更新日期：1994-07-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Insertion of trocars, needles, and catheters into unintended tissues or tissue compartments results in hundreds of thousands of complications annually. Current methods for blood vessel cannulation or epidural, chest tube, and initial trocar placement often involve the blind pass of a needle through several layers of t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bassett EK,Slocum AH,Masiakos PT,Pryor HI 2nd,Farokhzad OC,Karp JM

更新日期：2009-04-07 00:00:00

abstract：:After exposure to low density lipoprotein (LDL) that had been minimally modified by oxidation (MM-LDL), human endothelial cells (EC) and smooth muscle cells (SMC) cultured separately or together produced 2- to 3-fold more monocyte chemotactic activity than did control cells or cells exposed to freshly isolated LDL. Th...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cushing SD,Berliner JA,Valente AJ,Territo MC,Navab M,Parhami F,Gerrity R,Schwartz CJ,Fogelman AM

更新日期：1990-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although the apoptotic role of caspases has been largely understood, accumulating evidence in Drosophila suggests that caspases also control other processes than apoptotic cell death. However, how caspases contribute to the development of the mammalian nervous system remains obscure. Here, we provide unique evidence t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ohsawa S,Hamada S,Kuida K,Yoshida H,Igaki T,Miura M

更新日期：2010-07-27 00:00:00

abstract：:The developmental loss of neurons in sympathetic, sensory, and some parasympathetic ganglia in familial dysautonomia suggests an inherited defect in the action of beta-nerve growth factor (beta-NGF). The role of this growth factor in dysautonomia has been difficult to resolve as there is no known source of authentic h...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Breakefield XO,Orloff G,Castiglione C,Coussens L,Axelrod FB,Ullrich A

更新日期：1984-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Climate change and resource exploitation have been shown to modify the importance of bottom-up and top-down forces in ecosystems. However, the resulting pattern of trophic control in complex food webs is an emergent property of the system and thus unintuitive. We develop a statistical nondeterministic model, capable o...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lynam CP,Llope M,Möllmann C,Helaouët P,Bayliss-Brown GA,Stenseth NC

更新日期：2017-02-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Murine mucopolysaccharidosis type VII is a heritable disease caused by a spontaneous mutation, gus(mps), closely linked to the beta-glucuronidase structural gene on chromosome 5. Mice homozygous for the mutation have a > 200-fold decrease in beta-glucuronidase mRNA levels and virtually no enzyme activity detectable by...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sands MS,Birkenmeier EH

更新日期：1993-07-15 00:00:00

abstract：:In vivo expression technology (IVET) has been used to identify > 100 Salmonella typhimurium genes that are specifically expressed during infection of BALB/c mice and/or murine cultured macrophages. Induction of these genes is shown to be required for survival in the animal under conditions of the IVET selection. One c...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Heithoff DM,Conner CP,Hanna PC,Julio SM,Hentschel U,Mahan MJ

更新日期：1997-02-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Newly synthesized rat islet proteins have been analyzed by polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis and fluorography. A minor component having an apparent molecular weight of 11,100 was identified as preproinsulin by the sensitivity of its synthesis to glucose, the pattern of NH2-terminal leucine residues, and the rapi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Patzelt C,Labrecque AD,Duguid JR,Carroll RJ,Keim PS,Heinrikson RL,Steiner DF

更新日期：1978-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dead and dying cells release nucleic acids. These extracellular RNAs and DNAs can be taken up by inflammatory cells and activate multiple nucleic acid-sensing toll-like receptors (TLR3, 7, 8, and 9). The inappropriate activation of these TLRs can engender a variety of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. The redundan...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lee J,Sohn JW,Zhang Y,Leong KW,Pisetsky D,Sullenger BA

更新日期：2011-08-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Proper resolution of inflammation is vital for repair and restoration of homeostasis after tissue damage, and its dysregulation underlies various noncommunicable diseases, such as cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Macrophages play diverse roles throughout initial inflammation, its resolution, and tissue repair. D...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nakayama Y,Fujiu K,Yuki R,Oishi Y,Morioka MS,Isagawa T,Matsuda J,Oshima T,Matsubara T,Sugita J,Kudo F,Kaneda A,Endo Y,Nakayama T,Nagai R,Komuro I,Manabe I

更新日期：2020-06-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Most mammalian cell types, including endothelial cells, respond to cell swelling by activating a Cl- current termed ICl,swell, but it is not known how the physical stimulus of cell swelling is transferred to the channels underlying ICl,swell. We have investigated the precise relation between cell volume and ICl,swell ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Voets T,Droogmans G,Raskin G,Eggermont J,Nilius B

更新日期：1999-04-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Human T lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) -associated myelopathy/tropic spastic paraparesis is a demyelinating inflammatory neurologic disease associated with HTLV-1 infection. HTLV-1 Tax11-19-specific cytotoxic T cells have been isolated from HLA-A2-positive patients. We have used a peptide-loaded soluble HLA-A2-Ig ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Greten TF,Slansky JE,Kubota R,Soldan SS,Jaffee EM,Leist TP,Pardoll DM,Jacobson S,Schneck JP

更新日期：1998-06-23 00:00:00

abstract：:The structure of the non-self-complementary DNA heptamer d(CGACGAC) at low pH has been determined by the quantitative NMR refinement procedure designated SPEDREF (SPEctral-Driven REFinement). Acid-base titration of the molecule indicated a prominent n = 2 pKa near 6.8. In the pH range up to 6.0, the heptamer forms a r...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Robinson H,Wang AH

更新日期：1993-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Schaftoside and isoschaftoside are bioactive natural products widely distributed in higher plants including cereal crops and medicinal herbs. Their biosynthesis may be related with plant defense. However, little is known on the glycosylation biosynthetic pathway of these flavonoid di-C-glycosides with different sugar ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wang ZL,Gao HM,Wang S,Zhang M,Chen K,Zhang YQ,Wang HD,Han BY,Xu LL,Song TQ,Yun CH,Qiao X,Ye M

更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Obesity is a major public health problem and is often associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic syndrome. Leptin is the crucial adipostatic hormone that controls food intake and body weight through the activation of specific leptin receptors (OB-R) in the hypothalamic arcuate nucl...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Couturier C,Sarkis C,Séron K,Belouzard S,Chen P,Lenain A,Corset L,Dam J,Vauthier V,Dubart A,Mallet J,Froguel P,Rouillé Y,Jockers R

更新日期：2007-12-04 00:00:00

abstract：:The auditory and motor neural systems are closely intertwined, enabling people to carry out tasks such as playing a musical instrument whose mapping between action and sound is extremely sophisticated. While the dorsal auditory stream has been shown to mediate these audio-motor transformations, little is known about h...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wollman I,Penhune V,Segado M,Carpentier T,Zatorre RJ

更新日期：2018-06-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive degenerative disease of motor neurons. The inherited form of the disease, familial ALS, represents 5-10% of the total cases, and the best documented of these are due to lesions in SOD1, the gene encoding copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD). The mechanism by w...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Valentine JS,Hart PJ

更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have developed a method for conjugating low density lipoproteins (LDL) with colloidal gold. Conjugation, complete after 1 min, occurs by electrostatic adsorption of the LDL to the negatively charged gold particle. Each conjugate consists of approximately eight biologically active LDL molecules clustered around a ce...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Handley DA,Arbeeny CM,Witte LD,Chien S

更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Glutamate transport by the excitatory amino acid carrier EAAC1 is known to be reversible. Thus, glutamate can either be taken up into cells, or it can be released from cells through reverse transport, depending on the electrochemical gradient of the co- and countertransported ions. However, it is unknown how fast and ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zhang Z,Tao Z,Gameiro A,Barcelona S,Braams S,Rauen T,Grewer C

更新日期：2007-11-13 00:00:00

abstract：:The role of ornithine decarboxylase (OrnDCase, EC 4.1.1.17) and of the polyamines [putrescine (Put), spermidine (Spd), and spermine (Spm)] in mouse skin tumor promotion was investigated by the use of alpha-difluoromethylornithine (CHF2-Orn), an enzyme-activated irreversible inhibitor of OrnDCase. 12-O-Tetradecanoylpho...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Weeks CE,Herrmann AL,Nelson FR,Slaga TJ

更新日期：1982-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The measurement of any nonchromosomal genetic contribution to the heritability of a trait is often confounded by the inability to control both the chromosomal and nonchromosomal information in a population. We have designed a unique system in yeast where we can control both sources of information so that the phenotype...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Edwards MD,Symbor-Nagrabska A,Dollard L,Gifford DK,Fink GR

更新日期：2014-05-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Posttranscriptional RNA regulation is important in determining the plasticity of cellular phenotypes. However, mechanisms of how RNA binding proteins (RBPs) influence cellular behavior are poorly understood. We show here that the RBP embryonic lethal abnormal vision like 1 (ELAVL1, also know as HuR) regulates the alte...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chang SH,Elemento O,Zhang J,Zhuang ZW,Simons M,Hla T

更新日期：2014-12-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Purified diphtheria toxin is shown to inhibit protein synthesis in Ehrlich-Lettré ascites carcinoma cells in vitro. Protein synthesis in Ehrlich-Lettré cells is at least 10,000 times more sensitive to toxin than protein synthesis in normal mouse spleen or thymus cells. This sensitivity correlates with the observation ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Iglewski BH,Rittenberg MB

更新日期：1974-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The region of the murine major histocompatibility complex (MHC) between the Pb (A beta 3) and Ob (A beta 2) genes controls the expression of an intracellular complex named the LMP (low molecular weight polypeptide) complex. DNA probes for at least seven different genes mapping to this region were isolated. These hybri...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cho S,Attaya M,Brown MG,Monaco JJ

更新日期：1991-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Specific rabbit antisera against purified bovine pituitary carboxypeptidase processing enzyme (which has also been referred to as "enkephalin convertase") have been prepared and characterized. The antisera recognized both the purified soluble and the membrane-bound forms of the enzyme with equal affinity, suggesting t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hook VY,Mezey E,Fricker LD,Pruss RM,Siegel RE,Brownstein MJ

更新日期：1985-07-01 00:00:00