Abstract:
:The measurement of any nonchromosomal genetic contribution to the heritability of a trait is often confounded by the inability to control both the chromosomal and nonchromosomal information in a population. We have designed a unique system in yeast where we can control both sources of information so that the phenotype of a single chromosomal polymorphism can be measured in the presence of different cytoplasmic elements. With this system, we have shown that both the source of the mitochondrial genome and the presence or absence of a dsRNA virus influence the phenotype of chromosomal variants that affect the growth of yeast. Moreover, by considering this nonchromosomal information that is passed from parent to offspring and by allowing chromosomal and nonchromosomal information to exhibit nonadditive interactions, we are able to account for much of the heritability of growth traits. Taken together, our results highlight the importance of including all sources of heritable information in genetic studies and suggest a possible avenue of attack for finding additional missing heritability.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Edwards MD,Symbor-Nagrabska A,Dollard L,Gifford DK,Fink GRdoi
10.1073/pnas.1407126111subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-05-27 00:00:00pages
7719-22issue
21eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490pii
1407126111journal_volume
111pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Under steady-state conditions, the immune system is poised to sense and respond to the microbiota. As such, immunity to the microbiota, including T cell responses, is expected to precede any inflammatory trigger. How this pool of preformed microbiota-specific T cells contributes to tissue pathologies remains unclear. ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.2003022117
更新日期:2020-07-14 00:00:00
abstract::Mutations of MECP2 (Methyl-CpG Binding Protein 2) cause Rett syndrome. As a chromatin-associated multifunctional protein, how MeCP2 integrates external signals and regulates neuronal function remain unclear. Although neuronal activity-induced phosphorylation of MeCP2 at serine 421 (S421) has been reported, the full sp...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0811648106
更新日期:2009-03-24 00:00:00
abstract::The nucleolinus is an RNA-rich compartment, closely apposed to or embedded within the nucleolus. Discovered over 150 y ago, fewer than two dozen articles have been published on the nucleolinus, probably because complex histochemical stains are required for its visualization in the great majority of cells. The nucleoli...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1008469107
更新日期:2010-08-03 00:00:00
abstract::The goldfish (Carassius auratus) visual pathway displays continuous growth and plasticity throughout life. Since homeobox genes are important transcriptional regulators in development, we searched for homeobox genes in the adult goldfish retina and brain. Using the PCR, we discovered a repertoire of homeobox sequences...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.90.7.2729
更新日期:1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mating elicits two major changes in the reproductive behavior of many insect females. The egg-laying rate increases and the readiness to accept males (receptivity) is reduced. These postmating responses last approximately 1 week in Drosophila melanogaster. Males that do not transfer sperm but transfer seminal fluid du...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1631700100
更新日期:2003-08-19 00:00:00
abstract::A mixture of two recombinant plasmids was microinjected into mouse thymidine kinase-negative fibroblasts (L cells). One plasmid contained the thymidine kinase gene of herpes simplex virus type I and the other contained the human beta globin gene. Seven fibroblast colonies arising from injected cells incubated in hypox...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.77.9.5399
更新日期:1980-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Synthetic oligonucleotide probes can be easily obtained and used, in contrast to cDNA cloning to develop probes, and thus the present study was carried out to determine whether such probes could also be useful for in situ hybridization. A 24-base synthetic oligonucleotide complementary to part of the alpha-melanocyte-...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.83.15.5419
更新日期:1986-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Untargeted metabolomics of environmental samples routinely detects thousands of small molecules, the vast majority of which cannot be identified. Meta-mass shift chemical (MeMSChem) profiling was developed to identify mass differences between related molecules using molecular networks. This approach illuminates metabo...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1710248114
更新日期:2017-10-31 00:00:00
abstract::The circadian clock is based on a transcriptional feedback loop with an essential time delay before feedback inhibition. Previous work has shown that PERIOD (PER) proteins generate circadian time cues through rhythmic nuclear accumulation of the inhibitor complex and subsequent interaction with the activator complex i...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.2003524117
更新日期:2020-11-10 00:00:00
abstract::The configuration of the heme-carbonyl group upon binding of carbon monoxide to sperm whale myoglobin (Mb) in crystals is evaluated on the basis of infrared spectroscopic methods. Multiplets of the totally symmetric C-O stretching mode are observed for the heme-bound ligand near 1933, 1944, and 1967 cm-1, correspondin...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.76.12.6042
更新日期:1979-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relationship between the compositions of the Earth and chondritic meteorites is at the center of many important debates. A basic assumption in most models for the Earth's composition is that the refractory elements are present in chondritic proportions relative to each other. This assumption is now challenged by r...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1222252110
更新日期:2013-03-26 00:00:00
abstract::As a first step in assessing the efficacy of a gene transfer approach to the induction of transplantation tolerance in our miniature swine model, double-copy retroviral vectors engineered to express a drug-resistance marker (neomycin) and a swine class II DRB cDNA were constructed. Infectious particles containing thes...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.88.21.9760
更新日期:1991-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Physiological properties of the flagellar rotary motor have been taken to indicate a tightly coupled mechanism in which each revolution is driven by a fixed number of energizing ions. Measurements that would directly test the tight-coupling hypothesis have not been made. Energizing ions flow through membrane-bound com...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1419955112
更新日期:2015-04-14 00:00:00
abstract::The primary structure of the Escherichia coli hemolysin polypeptide (HlyA) is used to predict intramolecular structures involved in the secretion and cytolytic activity of the molecule. The C-terminal region of HlyA contains a repeated, 8-amino acid chain represented by the consensus sequence Leu-Xaa-Gly-Gly-Xaa-Gly-A...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.85.14.5269
更新日期:1988-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Kampo formulations are traditional herbal medications used in China and Japan for many centuries to treat diarrheal diseases such as cholera. Our studies were undertaken to identify and verify by chemical synthesis the active components that inhibited cholera toxin (CT), the virulence factor secreted by Vibrio cholera...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.052709499
更新日期:2002-03-05 00:00:00
abstract::Phosphorylation of ADP to ATP was induced in nonrespiring submitochondrial particles (SMP) from rat liver by the application of electric pulses with field strengths of 10-35 kV/cm and a decay time of 60 mus. In all cases respiration was inhibited completely by using cyanide or rotenone. Newly formed ATP was measured b...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.78.12.7473
更新日期:1981-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mobile ectothermic animals can control their body temperatures by selecting specific thermal conditions in the environment, but embryos--trapped within an immobile egg and lacking locomotor structures--have been assumed to lack that ability. Falsifying that assumption, our experimental studies show that even early sta...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1102965108
更新日期:2011-06-07 00:00:00
abstract::Nitrogen limitation imposes a major transition in the lifestyle of nondiazotrophic cyanobacteria that is controlled by a complex interplay of regulatory factors involving the pervasive signal processor PII Immediately upon nitrogen limitation, newly fixed carbon is redirected toward glycogen synthesis. How the metabol...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.2019988118
更新日期:2021-02-09 00:00:00
abstract::Nogo isoforms (Nogo-A and -B) have been implicated in regulating neural and cardiovascular functions, such as cell spreading and chemotaxis. Unlike the loop domain (Nogo-66) found in all Nogo isoforms that can interact with a neural-specific Nogo-66 receptor, the receptor for the amino terminus of Nogo-B that mediates...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0602427103
更新日期:2006-07-18 00:00:00
abstract::The abundances of (92)Nb and (146)Sm in the early solar system are determined from meteoritic analysis, and their stellar production is attributed to the p process. We investigate if their origin from thermonuclear supernovae deriving from the explosion of white dwarfs with mass above the Chandrasekhar limit is in agr...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1519344113
更新日期:2016-01-26 00:00:00
abstract::We have examined whether dissociation of the histone octamer is required for elongation of RNA transcripts through arrays of nucleosome cores in vitro. Control or dimethyl suberimidate-crosslinked histone octamers were reconstituted onto supercoiled, closed circular pT207-18 DNA, which contains tandemly repeated 207-b...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.90.13.6203
更新日期:1993-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite the importance of valuing another person's welfare for prosocial behavior, currently we have only a limited understanding of how these values are represented in the brain and, more importantly, how they give rise to individual variability in prosociality. In the present study, participants underwent functional...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1423895112
更新日期:2015-06-23 00:00:00
abstract::The extracellular matrix (ECM) is an intricate network composed of an array of macromolecules capable of regulating the functional responsiveness of cells. Its composition greatly varies among different types of tissue, and dysregulation of its metabolism may contribute to vascular remodeling during the pathogenesis o...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.93.11.5478
更新日期:1996-05-28 00:00:00
abstract::The discipline-wide effort to database the fossil record at the occurrence level has made it possible to estimate marine invertebrate extinction and origination rates with much greater accuracy. The new data show that two biotic mechanisms have hastened recoveries from mass extinctions and confined diversity to a rela...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0802597105
更新日期:2008-08-12 00:00:00
abstract::Prey in natural communities are usually shared by many predator species. How predators coexist while competing for the same prey is one of the fundamental questions in ecology. Here, we show that competing predator species may not only coexist on a single prey but even help each other to persist if they specialize on ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0803834105
更新日期:2008-09-16 00:00:00
abstract::Earlier papers demonstrated an extensive genetic exchange among fluorescent Pseudomonads; this one documents for genes specifying enzymes of peripheral dissimilation an extrachromosomal array, segregation, and frequent interstrain transfer. An hypothesis is presented of a general mechanism for the formation and mainte...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.70.3.885
更新日期:1973-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We partially purified a preparation from Escherichia coli that proteolytically degrades the enzyme glutamine synthetase [L-glutamate:ammonia ligase (ADP-forming), EC 6.3.1.2]. The degradation is at least a two-step process. First, the glutamine synthetase undergoes an oxidative modification. This modification leads to...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.78.4.2120
更新日期:1981-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Learning and memory rely on dopamine and downstream cAMP-dependent plasticity across diverse organisms. Despite the central role of cAMP signaling, it is not known how cAMP-dependent plasticity drives coherent changes in neuronal physiology that encode the memory trace, or engram. In Drosophila, the mushroom body (MB)...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1709037115
更新日期:2018-01-16 00:00:00
abstract::Amoebae of the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum possess an extensive and dynamic endomembrane system that includes many types of acidic vacuoles. A light membrane fraction from Dictyostelium, rich in vacuolar-type H(+)-ATPase, has been described [Padh, H., Lavasa, M. & Steck, T.L. (1989) J. Cell Biol. 108,...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.89.17.8025
更新日期:1992-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neuroglobin (Ngb), a vertebrate globin expressed primarily in neurons, is induced by and protects against neuronal hypoxia and cerebral ischemia. To investigate the spectrum and mechanism of Ngb's neuroprotective action, we studied the effect of transgenic overexpression of Ngb on NMDA and beta-amyloid (Abeta) toxicit...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0706167104
更新日期:2007-11-27 00:00:00