Homeobox genes are expressed in the retina and brain of adult goldfish.

abstract：:We combine direct surface force measurements with thermodynamic arguments to demonstrate that pure ionic liquids are expected to behave as dilute weak electrolyte solutions, with typical effective dissociated ion concentrations of less than 0.1% at room temperature. We performed equilibrium force-distance measurements...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gebbie MA,Valtiner M,Banquy X,Fox ET,Henderson WA,Israelachvili JN

更新日期：2013-06-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Conclusive proof that the mouse egg is capable of carrying out repair of genetic lesions present in the male genome was obtained through dominant-lethal studies of chemically treated spermatozoa and spermatids and through cytological analysis of first-cleavage metaphases. The maximum difference in repair capability be...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Generoso WM,Cain KT,Krishna M,Huff SW

更新日期：1979-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of divalent ionophores (A23187 and ionomycin), Ca2+ channel agonist (BAY K 8644), and protein kinase C (C-kinase) activators [phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), mezerein] on bovine tracheal smooth muscle contraction were investigated. A23187 (5 microM) and ionomycin (0.5 microM) produced a prompt but t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Park S,Rasmussen H

更新日期：1985-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) resolution has advanced because newer techniques use increasingly decondensed chromatin. FISH cannot analyze restriction enzyme cutting sites due to limitations of the hybridization and detection technologies. The RecA-assisted restriction endonuclease (RARE) technique cleaves...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wang YK,Huff EJ,Schwartz DC

更新日期：1995-01-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Studies of tumors from human familial adenomatous polyposis, sporadic colon cancer, and mouse and rat models of intestinal cancer indicate that the majority of early adenomas develop through loss of normal function of the Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene. In murine models of familial adenomatous polyposis, specif...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Amos-Landgraf JM,Irving AA,Hartman C,Hunter A,Laube B,Chen X,Clipson L,Newton MA,Dove WF

更新日期：2012-02-07 00:00:00

abstract：:The catalytic subunit of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PKcs) is a classical nonhomologous end-joining (cNHEJ) factor. Loss of DNA-PKcs diminished mature B cell class switch recombination (CSR) to other isotypes, but not IgG1. Here, we show that expression of the kinase-dead DNA-PKcs (DNA-PKcsKD/KD ) severely compr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Crowe JL,Shao Z,Wang XS,Wei PC,Jiang W,Lee BJ,Estes VM,Alt FW,Zha S

更新日期：2018-08-21 00:00:00

abstract：:The importance of Gly-93 and Gly-94 in transmembrane segment M1 of the Na+,K+-ATPase for interaction with Na+ and K+ was demonstrated by functional analysis of mutants Gly-93-Ala and Gly-94-Ala. In the crystal structures of the Ca2+-ATPase, the corresponding residues, Asp-59 and Leu-60, are located exactly where M1 be...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Einholm AP,Toustrup-Jensen M,Andersen JP,Vilsen B

更新日期：2005-08-09 00:00:00

abstract：:All science has uncertainty. Unless that uncertainty is communicated effectively, decision makers may put too much or too little faith in it. The information that needs to be communicated depends on the decisions that people face. Are they (i) looking for a signal (e.g., whether to evacuate before a hurricane), (ii) c...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fischhoff B,Davis AL

更新日期：2014-09-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Global demand for agricultural products such as food, feed, and fuel is now a major driver of cropland and pasture expansion across much of the developing world. Whether these new agricultural lands replace forests, degraded forests, or grasslands greatly influences the environmental consequences of expansion. Althoug...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gibbs HK,Ruesch AS,Achard F,Clayton MK,Holmgren P,Ramankutty N,Foley JA

更新日期：2010-09-21 00:00:00

abstract：:siRNA therapeutics have promise for the treatment of a wide range of genetic disorders. Motivated by lipoproteins, we report lipopeptide nanoparticles as potent and selective siRNA carriers with a wide therapeutic index. Lead material cKK-E12 showed potent silencing effects in mice (ED50 ∼ 0.002 mg/kg), rats (ED50 < 0...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Dong Y,Love KT,Dorkin JR,Sirirungruang S,Zhang Y,Chen D,Bogorad RL,Yin H,Chen Y,Vegas AJ,Alabi CA,Sahay G,Olejnik KT,Wang W,Schroeder A,Lytton-Jean AK,Siegwart DJ,Akinc A,Barnes C,Barros SA,Carioto M,Fitzgerald

更新日期：2014-03-18 00:00:00

abstract：:One of the serious limitations of tokamaks as reactors is the occurrence of disruptions. Stellarators designed by advanced computational methods provide an attractive alternative for a major experiment in magnetic fusion research. Configurations with approximate two-dimensional magnetic symmetry have been found with h...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Garabedian PR

更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A detailed conformational analysis of the known crystal structures of vitamin A, carotenoid, and xanthenoid derivatives has been made. These studies suggest that the visual chromophore 11-cis retinal and its isomers may each occur in several different conformational states, which would be expected to have different li...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sundaralingam M,Beddell C

更新日期：1972-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:CCR5 encodes a cell surface chemokine receptor molecule that serves as the principal coreceptor, with CD4, for HIV-type 1 (HIV-1). Varied HIV-1 susceptibility and time to progression to AIDS have been associated with polymorphisms in CCR5. Many of these polymorphisms are located in the 5' cis-regulatory region of CCR5...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bamshad MJ,Mummidi S,Gonzalez E,Ahuja SS,Dunn DM,Watkins WS,Wooding S,Stone AC,Jorde LB,Weiss RB,Ahuja SK

更新日期：2002-08-06 00:00:00

abstract：:If X(1), X(2),... are independent random variables with zero expectation and finite variances, the cumulative sums S(n) are, on the average, of the order of magnitude S(n), where S(n) (2) = E(S(n) (2)). The occasional maxima of the ratios S(n)/S(n) are surprisingly large and the problem is to estimate the extent of th...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Feller W

更新日期：1969-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The translational apparatus in cell-free extracts prepared from L cells infected with reovirus undergoes a time-dependent transition from cap dependence to cap independence. Extracts from uninfected L cells translate capped reovirus mRNA at high efficiency and synthesize the expected three size classes of reovirus pol...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Skup D,Millward S

更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Murine mucopolysaccharidosis type VII is a heritable disease caused by a spontaneous mutation, gus(mps), closely linked to the beta-glucuronidase structural gene on chromosome 5. Mice homozygous for the mutation have a > 200-fold decrease in beta-glucuronidase mRNA levels and virtually no enzyme activity detectable by...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sands MS,Birkenmeier EH

更新日期：1993-07-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent epidemiological studies indicate beneficial effects of moderate ethanol consumption in ischemic heart disease. Most studies, however, focus on the effect of long-term consumption of ethanol. In this study, we determined whether brief exposure to ethanol immediately before ischemia also produces cardioprotection...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chen CH,Gray MO,Mochly-Rosen D

更新日期：1999-10-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Bacterial outer membrane porins have a robust beta-barrel structure and therefore show potential for use as stochastic sensors based on single-molecule detection. The monomeric porin OmpG is especially attractive compared with multisubunit proteins because appropriate modifications of the pore can be easily achieved b...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chen M,Khalid S,Sansom MS,Bayley H

更新日期：2008-04-29 00:00:00

abstract：:The plant aquaporin plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIP) subfamily represents one of the main gateways for water exchange at the plasma membrane (PM). A fraction of this subfamily, known as PIP1, does not reach the PM unless they are coexpressed with a PIP2 aquaporin. Although ubiquitous and abundantly expressed, ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yaneff A,Sigaut L,Marquez M,Alleva K,Pietrasanta LI,Amodeo G

更新日期：2014-01-07 00:00:00

abstract：:An integral mitochondrial membrane protein (p32) of yeast has previously been molecularly cloned and sequenced and suggested to function as a mitochondrial import receptor. However, this protein has also been proposed to function as phosphate translocator [Guérin, B., Bukusoglu, C., Rakotomanana, F. & Wohlrab, H. (199...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Murakami H,Blobel G,Pain D

更新日期：1993-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Pressures of 200-1000 atmospheres (20-100 MPa) are found to decrease significantly the amount of phosphate (H32PO4-2)transported into the rabbit erythrocyte under otherwise physiological conditions. Such compression does not cause irreversible morphological changes or result in membrane disruption. The findings are in...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Murphy RB,Libby WF

更新日期：1976-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Precipitates of hemoglobin, termed Heinz bodies, occur in a fraction of erythrocytes after removal of the spleen and are also observed in aged erythrocytes. This implies that precipitates of hemoglobin might play a particular role in senescent cell recognition. By using immunofluorescence microscopy, evidence is prese...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Schlüter K,Drenckhahn D

更新日期：1986-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Direct structural insights on the fundamental mechanisms of permeation, selectivity, and gating remain unavailable for the Na(+) and Ca(2+) channel families. Here, we report the spectroscopic structural characterization of the isolated Voltage-Sensor Domain (VSD) of the prokaryotic Na(+) channel NaChBac in a lipid bil...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chakrapani S,Sompornpisut P,Intharathep P,Roux B,Perozo E

更新日期：2010-03-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Transposition of the genetically related insertion elements gamma delta and Tn3 is thought to involve two steps. In the case of transposition from one replicon to another, the first step is fusion of the parent and target replicons with the element appearing in direct orientation at the two junctions. In a subsequent ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Reed RR

更新日期：1981-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Anisotropic expansion of plant cells requires organized arrays of cortical microtubules. Mutations in microtubule-associated proteins and a particular mutation in alpha-tubulins were reported to cause abnormal microtubule arrays and result in helical growth in Arabidopsis thaliana. However, the way in which these muta...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ishida T,Kaneko Y,Iwano M,Hashimoto T

更新日期：2007-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Serum from bacillus Calmette-Guerin-infected mice injected with endotoxin induces the appearance of surface immunoglobulin, Ia antigen, and complement receptor on the surface of precursor bone-marrow-derived (B) cells. While endotoxin itself causes phenotypic conversion of both thymus-derived (T) cells and B cells in ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hoffmann MK,Oettgen HF,Old LJ,Chin AF,Hammerling U

更新日期：1977-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Thalassemia is a heritable human anemia caused by a variety of mutations that affect expression of the alpha- or the beta-chain of hemoglobin. The expressivity of the phenotype is likely to be influenced by unlinked modifying genes. Indeed, by using a mouse model of alpha-thalassemia, we find that its phenotype is str...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Leder A,Wiener E,Lee MJ,Wickramasinghe SN,Leder P

更新日期：1999-05-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Rifamycin antibiotics, which inhibit RNA-directed DNA polymerase of Rauscher leuckemia virus, prevent the leukemogenic activity of the virus, and the effect of leukemogenesis correlates with the magnitude of inhibition of the purified enzyme. This inhibition of enzyme activity by rifamycin SV derivatives is due to a r...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wu AM,Ting RC,Gallo RC

更新日期：1973-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The translocation of lipids from the inner to the outer membrane of Escherichia coli has been investigated by pulse-chase experiments. After a pulse with [2-3H]glycerol, the specific activity of the newly synthesized [3H]phosphatidylethanolamine was 5 times greater in the inner than in the outer membrane. During the c...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Donohue-Rolfe AM,Schaechter M

更新日期：1980-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In a posterior silk gland extract, covalently closed circular (ccc) DNA is in a superhelical state that supports more transcription of fibroin gene than does linear DNA. A HeLa cell extract showed neither the supercoiling activity nor the preference for the transcription of ccc DNA over linear DNA. These activities co...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hirose S,Suzuki Y

更新日期：1988-02-01 00:00:00