Abstract:
:Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) resolution has advanced because newer techniques use increasingly decondensed chromatin. FISH cannot analyze restriction enzyme cutting sites due to limitations of the hybridization and detection technologies. The RecA-assisted restriction endonuclease (RARE) technique cleaves chromosomal DNA at a single EcoRI site within a given gene or selected sequence. We recently described a mapping technique, optical mapping, which uses fluorescence microscopy to produce high-resolution restriction maps rapidly by directly imaging restriction digestion cleavage events occurring on single deproteinized DNA molecules. Ordered maps are then constructed by noting fragment order and size, using several optically based techniques. Since we also wanted to map arbitrary sequences and gene locations, we combined RARE with optical mapping to produce site-specific visible EcoRI restriction cleavage sites on single DNA molecules. Here we describe this combined method, named optical RARE, and its initial application to mapping gene locations on yeast chromosomes.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Wang YK,Huff EJ,Schwartz DCdoi
10.1073/pnas.92.1.165subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1995-01-03 00:00:00pages
165-9issue
1eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490journal_volume
92pub_type
杂志文章abstract::In FRTL5 rat thyroid cells, norepinephrine, by interacting with alpha 1-adrenergic receptors, stimulates inositol phosphate formation, through activation of phospholipase C, and arachidonic acid release. Recent studies have shown that GTP-binding proteins couple several types of receptors to phospholipase C activation...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.83.19.7201
更新日期:1986-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A promoterless trp-lac fusion fragment was inserted near one end of the bacterial transposon Tn5 in the correct orientation to fuse lacZ gene expression to promoters outside Tn5. The resulting transposon, Tn5 lac, retains the kanamycin-resistance gene of Tn5 and transposes in Escherichia coli at 6% the frequency of Tn...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.81.18.5816
更新日期:1984-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::When we grasp and manipulate an object, populations of tactile nerve fibers become activated and convey information about the shape, size, and texture of the object and its motion across the skin. The response properties of tactile fibers have been extensively characterized in single-unit recordings, yielding importan...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1704856114
更新日期:2017-07-11 00:00:00
abstract::In the nitrogen-fixing symbiosis between legume hosts and rhizobia, the bacteria are engulfed by a plant cell membrane to become intracellular organelles. In the model legume Medicago truncatula, internalization and differentiation of Sinorhizobium (also known as Ensifer) meliloti is a prerequisite for nitrogen fixati...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1500123112
更新日期:2015-12-08 00:00:00
abstract::Pith parenchyma cells store water in various plant organs. These cells are especially important for producing sugar and ethanol from the sugar juice of grass stems. In many plants, the death of pith parenchyma cells reduces their stem water content. Previous studies proposed that a hypothetical D gene might be respons...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1807501115
更新日期:2018-09-11 00:00:00
abstract::A full-length cDNA clone encoding a purified augmenter of liver regeneration (ALR) factor prepared from the cytosol of weanling rat livers was isolated. The 1.2-kb cDNA included a 299-bp 5' untranslated region, a 375-bp coding region, and a 550-bp 3' untranslated region. It encoded a protein consisting of 125 amino ac...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.91.17.8142
更新日期:1994-08-16 00:00:00
abstract::The great mass extinctions of the fossil record were a major creative force that provided entirely new kinds of opportunities for the subsequent explosive evolution and diversification of surviving clades. Today, the synergistic effects of human impacts are laying the groundwork for a comparably great Anthropocene mas...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0802812105
更新日期:2008-08-12 00:00:00
abstract::Visual receptive fields (RFs) were mapped inside and outside the cortical representation of the optic disk in the striate cortex (area V1) of anesthetized and paralyzed Cebus monkeys. Unexpectedly, most cells were found to be binocularly driven, and the RFs mapped with contralateral-eye stimulation progressed in a top...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.89.18.8547
更新日期:1992-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::Presented analysis of human and fly life tables proves that with the specified accuracy their entire survival and mortality curves are uniquely determined by a single point (e.g., by the birth mortality q(0)), according to the law, which is universal for species as remote as humans and flies. Mortality at any age decr...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.96.26.15368
更新日期:1999-12-21 00:00:00
abstract::We demonstrate ordered orientation of the hydration water at the surface of phospholipid bilayers by use of coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy, a highly sensitive vibrational imaging method recently developed. We investigated negatively charged POPS (1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-l-ser...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1732202100
更新日期:2003-08-19 00:00:00
abstract::The formation of the past tense of verbs in English has been the focus of the debate concerning connectionist vs. symbolic accounts of language. Brain-injured patients differ with respect to whether they are more impaired in generating irregular past tenses (TAKE-TOOK) or past tenses for nonce verbs (WUG-WUGGED). Such...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.96.13.7592
更新日期:1999-06-22 00:00:00
abstract::We present data that demonstrate that three MR elements isolated from wild populations of Drosophila melanogaster on two continents can cause large deletions of the X chromosome in males. The deleted chromosomes, termed mini-X chromosomes, are induced at a frequency of approximately 1:4000 in chromosomes that are init...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.84.13.4533
更新日期:1987-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The G12 subfamily of heterotrimeric G proteins, comprised of the alpha-subunits Galpha12 and Galpha13, has been implicated as a signaling component in cellular processes ranging from cytoskeletal changes to cell growth and oncogenesis. In an attempt to elucidate specific roles of this subfamily in cell regulation, we ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.021350998
更新日期:2001-01-16 00:00:00
abstract::Bacteriorhodopsin from Halobacterium halobium has been solubilized in the nonionic detergent Triton X-100. The circular dichroic spectrum and hydrodynamic properties indicate that the structure of this protein in the detergent is not significantly altered from that of the native membrane-bound form. Bacteriorhodopsin ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.74.7.2803
更新日期:1977-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Growing knowledge of the key molecular components involved in biological processes such as endocytosis, exocytosis, and motility has enabled direct testing of proposed mechanistic models by reconstitution. However, current techniques for building increasingly complex cellular structures and functions from purified com...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1016410108
更新日期:2011-06-07 00:00:00
abstract::In yeast meiosis, crossing-over between homologues is dependent upon double-strand breaks. We demonstrate that the occurrence of these breaks is independent of pairing between homologues by showing that they occur with normal frequency, timing, and position in the absence of a homologue. This observation supports mode...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.91.25.11934
更新日期:1994-12-06 00:00:00
abstract::We present a method for studying RNA processing and ribonucleoprotein assembly in vivo, by using RNA synthesized in vitro. SP6-transcribed 32P-labeled U2 small nuclear RNA precursor molecules were introduced into cultured human 293 cells by calcium phosphate-mediated uptake, as in standard DNA transfection experiments...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.87.4.1283
更新日期:1990-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a previous study, we found that human neural stem cells (HNSCs) exposed to high concentrations of secreted amyloid-precursor protein (sAPP) in vitro differentiated into mainly astrocytes, suggesting that pathological alterations in APP processing during neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0705346104
更新日期:2007-07-24 00:00:00
abstract::The timing of neocortical regional specification was examined using a monoclonal antibody, designated PC3.1, that binds a 29-kDa polypeptide and recognizes a neuronal subpopulation located in the lateral but not dorsomedial neocortex in the rat. When lateral cortical tissue fragments at embryonic days 12 and 16 were m...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.89.19.8879
更新日期:1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Here the first reproductive sterility system for the tephritid fruit fly pest, Anastrepha suspensa, is presented, based on lethality primarily limited to embryos heterozygous for a conditional lethal transgene combination. This tetracycline (Tet)-suppressible system uses a driver construct having the promoter from the...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1203352109
更新日期:2012-06-12 00:00:00
abstract::Rat liver glutamine synthetase (s(20,w) 15.0 S; MW about 352,000) resembles ovine brain glutamine synthetase in that it (a) has 8 subunits, (b) acts on both L- and D-glutamate and certain glutamate analogs (e.g., beta-glutamate, cis-cycloglutamate, and alpha-methyl-L-glutamate), and (c) is irreversibly inhibited by L-...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.68.4.781
更新日期:1971-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The crystal structure of Escherichia coli ornithine transcarbamoylase (OTCase, EC 2.1.3.3) complexed with the bisubstrate analog N-(phosphonacetyl)-L-ornithine (PALO) has been determined at 2.8-A resolution. This research on the structure of a transcarbamoylase catalytic trimer with a substrate analog bound provides n...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.94.18.9550
更新日期:1997-09-02 00:00:00
abstract::Peripheral nerve injury induces a robust proregenerative program that drives axon regeneration. While many regeneration-associated genes are known, the mechanisms by which injury activates them are less well-understood. To identify such mechanisms, we performed a loss-of-function pharmacological screen in cultured adu...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1805351115
更新日期:2018-10-16 00:00:00
abstract::Dbf4-dependent kinase (DDK) phosphorylates minichromosome maintenance 2 (Mcm2) during S phase in yeast, and Sld3 recruits cell division cycle 45 (Cdc45) to minichromosome maintenance 2-7 (Mcm2-7). We show here DDK-phosphoryled Mcm2 preferentially interacts with Cdc45 in vivo, and that Sld3 stimulates DDK phosphorylati...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1509608112
更新日期:2015-09-08 00:00:00
abstract::The Na(+)/I(-) symporter (NIS) is a key plasma membrane protein that mediates active I(-) uptake in the thyroid, lactating breast, and other tissues with an electrogenic stoichiometry of 2 Na(+) per I(-). In the thyroid, NIS-mediated I(-) uptake is the first step in the biosynthesis of the iodine-containing thyroid ho...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0707207104
更新日期:2007-12-18 00:00:00
abstract::Zinniol [1,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)-3-methoxy-4-methyl-5-(3-methyl-2-butenyloxy)benzene], a toxin produced by fungi of the Alternaria group, causes symptoms in plants that resemble those induced by the fungi. The phytotoxin binds to carrot protoplasts and isolated membranes in a saturable and reversible manner. Receptor o...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.85.16.5932
更新日期:1988-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::After the start of transcription, the 5' ends of eukaryotic mRNA molecules are modified by the addition of a guanylyl residue to form a cap structure, G(5')ppp(5')N. The guanylyltransferase (GTP:mRNA guanylyltransferase, EC 2.7.7.50) reaction responsible for cap formation usually proceeds via a covalent enzyme-GMP int...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.92.2.507
更新日期:1995-01-17 00:00:00
abstract::Tyrosine hydroxylase (EC 1.14.16.2), the enzyme catalyzing the rate-limiting step in catecholamine biosynthesis, was localized by electron microscopy within noradrenergic neurons of the nucleus locus coeruleus of the rat brain with a specific antibody to tyrosine hydroxylase labeled by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase im...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.72.2.659
更新日期:1975-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have designed three zinc-finger proteins with different DNA binding specificities. The design strategy combines a consensus zinc-finger framework sequence with previously characterized recognition regions such that the specificity of each protein is predictable. The first protein consists of three identical zinc fi...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.90.6.2256
更新日期:1993-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::Animals treated with potent gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase inhibitors and a patient with severe gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase deficiency excrete much larger than normal amounts of glutathione, gamma-glutamylcysteine, and cysteine in their urine; these compounds were found in disulfide forms. The findings indicate that ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.77.6.3384
更新日期:1980-06-01 00:00:00