Simulating tactile signals from the whole hand with millisecond precision.

abstract：:To study the behavior of hematopoietic stem cells in vivo, we transplanted glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) heterozygous (female Safari) cats with small amounts of autologous marrow. The G6PD phenotypes of erythroid burst-forming units and granulocyte/macrophage colony-forming units were repeatedly assayed for...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Abkowitz JL,Persik MT,Shelton GH,Ott RL,Kiklevich JV,Catlin SN,Guttorp P

更新日期：1995-03-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Activated macrophages are described as classically activated or M1 type and alternatively activated or M2 type, depending on their response to proinflammatory stimuli and the expression of genetic markers including iNOS, arginase1, Ym1, and Fizz1. Here we report that Akt kinases differentially contribute to macrophage...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Arranz A,Doxaki C,Vergadi E,Martinez de la Torre Y,Vaporidi K,Lagoudaki ED,Ieronymaki E,Androulidaki A,Venihaki M,Margioris AN,Stathopoulos EN,Tsichlis PN,Tsatsanis C

更新日期：2012-06-12 00:00:00

abstract：:The DNA in chromatin of isolated thymus nuclei, and in two different preparations of deoxyribonucleoprotein extracted from chromatin, has been digested with DNase. By variation of the time of reaction and the concentration of enzyme, and by comparison of the action of the enzyme on (protein-free) DNA with its action o...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mirsky AE

更新日期：1971-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Current theoretical models of the commons assert that common-pool resources can only be managed sustainably with clearly defined boundaries around both communities and the resources that they use. In these theoretical models, open access inevitably leads to a tragedy of the commons. However, in many open-access system...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Moritz M,Behnke R,Beitl CM,Bliege Bird R,Chiaravalloti RM,Clark JK,Crabtree SA,Downey SS,Hamilton IM,Phang SC,Scholte P,Wilson JA

更新日期：2018-12-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Lateral inhibition is the ubiquitous strategy used by visual neurons for spatial resolution throughout the animal kingdom. It has been a puzzle whether lateral inputs in retinal bipolar cells are mediated by the horizontal cell (HC)-cone feedback synapse, by the HC-bipolar cell feedforward synapse, or by both. By bloc...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yang XL,Wu SM

更新日期：1991-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Human neutrophils respond to chemoattractants, resulting in their accumulation at an inflammatory site. Chemoattractants such as the C5a peptide, derived from the C5 complement factor, bind to inhibitory guanine nucleotide binding protein (Gi)-coupled seven membrane-spanning receptors expressed in neutrophils. C5a rec...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Buhl AM,Avdi N,Worthen GS,Johnson GL

更新日期：1994-09-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Myofibril formation was visualized in cultured live cardiomyocytes that were transfected with plasmids expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) linked to the Z-band protein, alpha-actinin. The expression of this fluorescent protein provided an in vivo label for structures containing alpha-actinin. The GFP-alpha-acti...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Dabiri GA,Turnacioglu KK,Sanger JM,Sanger JW

更新日期：1997-08-19 00:00:00

abstract：:The nuclear factor-κB (NFκB) family of transcription factors has been implicated in inflammatory disorders, viral infections, and cancer. Most of the drugs that inhibit NFκB show significant side effects, possibly due to sustained NFκB suppression. Drugs affecting induced, but not basal, NFκB activity may have the pot...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chen M,Liang J,Ji H,Yang Z,Altilia S,Hu B,Schronce A,McDermott MSJ,Schools GP,Lim CU,Oliver D,Shtutman MS,Lu T,Stark GR,Porter DC,Broude EV,Roninson IB

更新日期：2017-09-19 00:00:00

abstract：:The adzuki bean beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis, is triple-infected with distinct lineages of Wolbachia endosymbiont, wBruCon, wBruOri, and wBruAus, which were identified by their wsp (Wolbachia surface protein) gene sequences. Whereas wBruCon and wBruOri caused cytoplasmic incompatibility of the host insect, wBruAus...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kondo N,Nikoh N,Ijichi N,Shimada M,Fukatsu T

更新日期：2002-10-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Although the occurrence of epistasis and pleiotropy is widely accepted at the molecular level, its effect on the adaptive value of fitness-related genes is rarely investigated in plants. Knowledge of these features of a gene is critical to understand the molecular basis of adaptive evolution. Here we investigate the i...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Scarcelli N,Cheverud JM,Schaal BA,Kover PX

更新日期：2007-10-23 00:00:00

abstract：:The suppressor of Hairy-wing [su(Hw)] protein exerts a polar effect on gene expression by repressing the function of transcriptional enhancers located distally from the promoter with respect to the location of su(Hw) binding sequences. The directionality of this effect suggests that the su(Hw) protein specifically int...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Georgiev PG,Corces VG

更新日期：1995-05-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Phosphorylation-based signaling pathways employ dephosphorylation mechanisms for signal termination. Histidine to aspartate phosphosignaling in the two-component system that controls bacterial chemotaxis has been studied extensively. Rhodobacter sphaeroides has a complex chemosensory pathway with multiple homologues o...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Porter SL,Roberts MA,Manning CS,Armitage JP

更新日期：2008-11-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD), which degrades transcripts harboring a premature termination codon (PTC), depends on the helicase up-frameshift 1 (UPF1). However, mRNAs that are not NMD targets also bind UPF1. What governs the timing, position, and function of UPF1 binding to mRNAs remains unclear. We provide evid...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kurosaki T,Maquat LE

更新日期：2013-02-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Using the Luria-Delbrück fluctuation analysis, we have examined the lung tumor-forming ability of a series of parallel clones derived from the KHT tumor, grown to small defined sizes. From these studies, we conclude that metastatic variants arise spontaneously in the clonal lines during their growth, at an apparent ra...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Harris JF,Chambers AF,Hill RP,Ling V

更新日期：1982-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Infection during the neonatal period commonly induces apnea episodes, and the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1beta may serve as a critical mediator between these events. To determine the mechanism by which IL-1beta depresses respiration, we examined a prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2))-dependent pathway in newborn mice and huma...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hofstetter AO,Saha S,Siljehav V,Jakobsson PJ,Herlenius E

更新日期：2007-06-05 00:00:00

abstract：:The immunophilin-immunosuppressant complexes cyclophilin-cyclosporin A (CsA) and FKBP12-FK506 inhibit the phosphatase calcineurin to block T-cell activation. Although cyclophilin A, FKBP12, and calcineurin are highly conserved from yeast to man, none had previously been shown to be essential for viability. We find tha...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Breuder T,Hemenway CS,Movva NR,Cardenas ME,Heitman J

更新日期：1994-06-07 00:00:00

abstract：:While the general structure of immunoglobulin chains has remained relatively unchanged throughout evolution, the organization of the genes encoding these molecules differs substantially. To understand how the rearranging immunoglobulin system arose, it is necessary to examine living representatives of the most early v...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hohman VS,Schuchman DB,Schluter SF,Marchalonis JJ

更新日期：1993-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The plant photoreceptor phytochrome plays an important role in the nucleus as a regulator of transcription. Numerous studies imply, however, that phytochromes in both higher and lower plants mediate physiological reactions within the cytoplasm. In particular, the tip cells of moss protonemal filaments use phytochrome ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mittmann F,Brücker G,Zeidler M,Repp A,Abts T,Hartmann E,Hughes J

更新日期：2004-09-21 00:00:00

abstract：:The local field at large distances from a charged or dipolar impurity in a nonpolar polarizable fluid is related to the dielectric constant of the medium. The predicted local field agrees accurately with molecular dynamics results. In contrast, the usual continuum theory prediction is only accurate to first order in t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Pollock EL,Alder BJ,Pratt LR

更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fibrocytes are collagen-type-I-producing cells that arise at low frequency from hematopoietic cells. We have analyzed in mice which leukocyte subsets are required for generation of fibrocytes and show that murine fibrocytes develop from the subpopulation of CD11b(+) CD115(+) Gr1(+) monocytes under the control of CD4(+...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Niedermeier M,Reich B,Rodriguez Gomez M,Denzel A,Schmidbauer K,Göbel N,Talke Y,Schweda F,Mack M

更新日期：2009-10-20 00:00:00

abstract：:We have noted consistent structural similarities among unrelated proteases. In comparison with other proteins of similar size, proteases have smaller than average surface areas, smaller radii of gyration, and higher C(alpha) densities. These findings imply that proteases are, as a group, more tightly packed than other...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Stawiski EW,Baucom AE,Lohr SC,Gregoret LM

更新日期：2000-04-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Molecular oxygen (O(2)) began to accumulate in the atmosphere and surface ocean ca. 2,400 million years ago (Ma), but the persistent oxygenation of water masses throughout the oceans developed much later, perhaps beginning as recently as 580-550 Ma. For much of the intervening interval, moderately oxic surface waters ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Johnston DT,Wolfe-Simon F,Pearson A,Knoll AH

更新日期：2009-10-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Object recognition is challenging because the same object can produce vastly different images, mixing signals related to its identity with signals due to its image attributes, such as size, position, rotation, etc. Previous studies have shown that both signals are present in high-level visual areas, but precisely how ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ratan Murty NA,Arun SP

更新日期：2018-04-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Coat components localize to specific membrane domains, where they sort selected transmembrane proteins. To study how clathrin coats are stabilized on such domains and to identify the protein networks involved, we combined proteomic screens and in vitro liposome-based assays that recapitulate the fidelity of protein so...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Baust T,Czupalla C,Krause E,Bourel-Bonnet L,Hoflack B

更新日期：2006-02-28 00:00:00

abstract：:A membrane-associated folate binding protein (FBP) and a soluble FBP, which is released into the culture medium, have been purified from human KB cells using affinity chromatography. By NaDodSO4/PAGE, both proteins have an apparent Mr of approximately 42,000. However, in the presence of Triton X-100, the soluble FBP e...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Luhrs CA,Pitiranggon P,da Costa M,Rothenberg SP,Slomiany BL,Brink L,Tous GI,Stein S

更新日期：1987-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Preliminary x-ray diffraction data from single crystals of the MoFe proteins of nitrogenase from Clostridium pasteurianum and Azotobacter vinelandii have been obtained. Both protein crystals belong to the P2(1) space group. The MoFe protein crystals from C. pasteurianum and A. vinelandii diffract to angles correspondi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Weininger MS,Mortenson LE

更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In that salmonellae have been implicated in an unprecedented array of diseases, sequences found to be specific to this species are often thought to be involved in the virulence attributes not seen in other enteric bacteria. To identify the molecular, genetic, and phenotypic characteristics that differentiate bacterial...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Groisman EA,Sturmoski MA,Solomon FR,Lin R,Ochman H

更新日期：1993-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The robustness of eight common food web properties is examined with respect to web size. We show that the current controversy concerning the scale dependence or scale invariance of these properties can be resolved by accounting for scaling constraints introduced by webs of very small size. We demonstrate statistically...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bersier LF,Sugihara G

更新日期：1997-02-18 00:00:00

abstract：:How individuals make decisions has been a matter of long-standing debate among economists and researchers in the life sciences. In economics, subjects are viewed as optimal decision makers who maximize their overall reward income. This framework has been widely influential, but requires a complete knowledge of the rew...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kubanek J

更新日期：2017-08-08 00:00:00

abstract：:We have isolated and characterized cDNA and genomic clones that specify a Paracentrotus lividus procollagen chain. The cDNAs code for 160 uninterrupted Gly-Xaa-Yaa triplets and a 252-amino acid carboxyl propeptide. Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences indicated that the sea urchin polypeptide exhibits structur...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： D'Alessio M,Ramirez F,Suzuki HR,Solursh M,Gambino R

更新日期：1989-12-01 00:00:00