Scaling regions for food web properties.

abstract：:Swimming Escherichia coli responds to changes in temperature by modifying its motor behavior. Previous studies using populations of cells have shown that E. coli accumulate in spatial thermal gradients, but these experiments did not cleanly separate thermal responses from chemotactic responses. Here we have isolated t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Paster E,Ryu WS

更新日期：2008-04-08 00:00:00

abstract：:In an autoshaping experiment, food-deprived pigeons pecked rapidly at a moving dot that preceded the delivery of food. When the moving dot and food were no longer correlated, the rate of pecking dropped nearly to zero. When, subsequently, no food was given, pecking reappeared at a high rate (nearly 200 pecks per min f...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Epstein R,Skinner BF

更新日期：1980-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Preparations of the hemin-controlled repressor (HCR) from rabbit reticulocytes contain 3':5'-cyclic-AMP-independent protein kinase activity for the smallest subunit of the peptide initiation factor eIF-2 and for proteins of reticulocyte 40S ribosomal subunits. Binding of the ternary complex formed between Met-tRNAf, G...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kramer G,Henderson AB,Pinphanichakarn P,Wallis MH,Hardesty B

更新日期：1977-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Yeast to directly convert cellulose and, especially, the microcrystalline cellulose into bioethanol, was engineered through display of minicellulosomes on the cell surface of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The construction and cell surface attachment of cellulosomes were accomplished with two individual miniscaffoldins to ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fan LH,Zhang ZJ,Yu XY,Xue YX,Tan TW

更新日期：2012-08-14 00:00:00

abstract：:T-box riboswitches control transcription of downstream genes through the tRNA-binding formation of terminator or antiterminator structures. Previously reported T-boxes were described as single-specificity riboswitches that can bind specific tRNA anticodons through codon-anticodon interactions with the nucleotide tripl...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Saad NY,Stamatopoulou V,Brayé M,Drainas D,Stathopoulos C,Becker HD

更新日期：2013-07-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Under particular circumstances like lactation and fasting, the blood-borne monocarboxylates acetoacetate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, and lactate represent significant energy substrates for the brain. Their utilization is dependent on a transport system present on both endothelial cells forming the blood-brain barrier and o...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Pellerin L,Pellegri G,Martin JL,Magistretti PJ

更新日期：1998-03-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Group II intron RNAs self-splice in vitro but only at high salt and/or Mg2+ concentrations and have been thought to require proteins to stabilize their active structure for efficient splicing in vivo. Here, we show that a DEAD-box protein, CYT-19, can by itself promote the splicing and reverse splicing of the yeast aI...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mohr S,Matsuura M,Perlman PS,Lambowitz AM

更新日期：2006-03-07 00:00:00

abstract：:When the dog kidney Na+/K+-transporting ATPase (EC 3.6.1.37, formerly EC 3.6.1.3) was labeled with an ATP analogue, 5'-(p-fluorosulfonyl)benzoyladenosine (FSBA), there was a concomitant loss of ATPase activity. The presence of ATP protected the enzyme from both labeling and inactivation. The ATP-sensitive incorporatio...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ohta T,Nagano K,Yoshida M

更新日期：1986-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The TATA box-binding activity of transcription factor IID (TFIID) is autoinhibited by the N-terminal domain of the Drosophila TATA box-binding protein- (TBP) associated factor 230/yeast TBP-associated factor 145 subunit, which binds to the TATA box-binding domain of TBP by mimicking the TATA box structure. Here, we pr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kotani T,Banno K,Ikura M,Hinnebusch AG,Nakatani Y,Kawaichi M,Kokubo T

更新日期：2000-06-20 00:00:00

abstract：:A "supercooled" liquid develops when a fluid does not crystallize upon cooling below its ordering temperature. Instead, the microscopic relaxation times diverge so rapidly that, upon further cooling, equilibration eventually becomes impossible and glass formation occurs. Classic supercooled liquids exhibit specific id...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kassner ER,Eyvazov AB,Pichler B,Munsie TJ,Dabkowska HA,Luke GM,Davis JC

更新日期：2015-07-14 00:00:00

abstract：:In polyandrous species, fathers benefit from attracting greater maternal investment toward their offspring at the expense of the offspring of other males, while mothers should usually allocate resources equally among offspring. This conflict can lead to an evolutionary arms race between the sexes, manifested through a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Raunsgard A,Opedal ØH,Ekrem RK,Wright J,Bolstad GH,Armbruster WS,Pélabon C

更新日期：2018-11-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Mutations of esterase 3 confer two forms of organophosphate resistance on contemporary Australasian Lucilia cuprina. One form, called diazinon resistance, is slightly more effective against commonly used insecticides and is now more prevalent than the other form, called malathion resistance. We report here that the si...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hartley CJ,Newcomb RD,Russell RJ,Yong CG,Stevens JR,Yeates DK,La Salle J,Oakeshott JG

更新日期：2006-06-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Functional transcription elongation complexes can be formed by adding RNA polymerase in trans to a preformed nucleic acid construct. This construct consists of a double-stranded DNA fragment that contains a noncomplementary (permanent DNA bubble) region into which an RNA primer oligonucleotide has been hybridized. By ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Daube SS,Hart CR,von Hippel PH

更新日期：1994-09-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Cleavage of the group-specific antigen (Gag) polyprotein by HIV-1 protease represents the critical first step in the conversion of immature noninfectious viral particles to mature infectious virions. Selective pressure exerted by HIV-1 protease inhibitors, a mainstay of current anti-HIV-1 therapies, results in the acc...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Deshmukh L,Louis JM,Ghirlando R,Clore GM

更新日期：2016-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Gene conversion and conversion-associated reciprocal recombination have been studied in various Saccharomyces cerevisiae hybrids. In a sample of 11,023 unselected meiotic tetrads, 907 conversions were observed at the arg4, thr3, his1, and SUP6 loci. Of these conversions, 445 (or 49.1%) were associated with reciprocal ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hurst DD,Fogel S,Mortimer RK

更新日期：1972-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Amphiregulin (AR) and cripto are proteins that are structurally related to epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha). AR is also functionally related to this family of growth regulatory molecules and is able to bind and activate the 170-kDa EGF receptor (EGFR). Human EGFR-3 (HER3)/...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ciardiello F,Kim N,Saeki T,Dono R,Persico MG,Plowman GD,Garrigues J,Radke S,Todaro GJ,Salomon DS

更新日期：1991-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Solar emission produces copious nitrosonium ions (NO(+)) in the D layer of the ionosphere, 60 to 90 km above the Earth's surface. NO(+) is believed to transfer its charge to water clusters in that region, leading to the formation of gaseous nitrous acid (HONO) and protonated water cluster. The dynamics of this reactio...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： He R,Li L,Zhong J,Zhu C,Francisco JS,Zeng XC

更新日期：2016-04-26 00:00:00

abstract：:A broad program of freezing species in threatened ecospheres could preserve biodiversity for eventual use by future generations. Sampling without studying can lower costs dramatically. Local labor can do most of the gathering. Plausible costs of collecting and cryogenically suspending the tropical rain forest species,...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Benford G

更新日期：1992-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:As an electron transfer-driven proton pump, cytochrome c oxidase (ferrocytochrome-c:oxygen oxidoreductase, EC 1.9.3.1) must alternate between two conformations in each valence state of the redox element associated with ion translocation. Using second derivative absorption spectroscopy, the conformation of the cytochro...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Copeland RA

更新日期：1991-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Chlorpromazine (3 x 10(-4)M) prevents the stimulation of adenyl cyclase activity in thyroid membranes produced by thyrotropin and prostaglandin, ACTH stimulation of adenyl cyclase in adrenal tissue, and glucagon- and epinephrine-stimulation of adenyl cyclase activity in liver. Baseline activity is unaffected. Parathyr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wolff J,Jones AB

更新日期：1970-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The intrinsic role of endogenous IL-17A in spontaneous intestinal tumorigenesis has not been addressed previously to our knowledge. Ablation of IL-17A significantly reduced tumor development in mice bearing a heterozygote mutation in the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene (Apc(Min/+) mice). There was also a decreas...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chae WJ,Gibson TF,Zelterman D,Hao L,Henegariu O,Bothwell AL

更新日期：2010-03-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Accumulating evidence suggests that α-synuclein (α-syn) occurs physiologically as a helically folded tetramer that resists aggregation. However, the mechanisms underlying the regulation of formation of α-syn tetramers are still mostly unknown. Cellular membrane lipids are thought to play an important role in the regul...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kim S,Yun SP,Lee S,Umanah GE,Bandaru VVR,Yin X,Rhee P,Karuppagounder SS,Kwon SH,Lee H,Mao X,Kim D,Pandey A,Lee G,Dawson VL,Dawson TM,Ko HS

更新日期：2018-01-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Many experiments in the past have demonstrated the requirement of de novo gene expression during the long-term retention of learning and memory. Although previous studies implicated individual genes or genetic pathways in learning and memory, they did not uncover the collective behaviors or patterns of the genes. We h...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cavallaro S,D'Agata V,Manickam P,Dufour F,Alkon DL

更新日期：2002-12-10 00:00:00

abstract：:The gene encoding the receptor for hyaluronan-mediated motility (RHAMM) is overexpressed in many human cancers. However, it is unclear whether RHAMM plays a causal role in tumor initiation or progression. Using somatic gene transfer in a mouse model of islet cell tumorigenesis, we demonstrate that RHAMM isoform B (RHA...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Du YC,Chou CK,Klimstra DS,Varmus H

更新日期：2011-10-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Injection of 3':5'-cyclic AMP (cAMP) into larvae of the fly Sarcophaga bullata 3-4 hr before the beginning of puparium formation (red-spiracle stage) greatly accelerates the onset of tanning without affecting initiation of puparium formation (anterior retraction). Accelerated tanning resembles real tanning in two impo...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fraenkel G,Blechl A,Blechl J,Herman P,Seligman MI

更新日期：1977-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In a microarray-based gene profiling analysis of Müller glia-derived retinal stem cells in light-damaged retinas from adult zebrafish, we found that 2 genes required for regeneration of fin and heart tissues in zebrafish, hspd1 (heat shock 60-kDa protein 1) and mps1 (monopolar spindle 1), were up-regulated. Expression...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Qin Z,Barthel LK,Raymond PA

更新日期：2009-06-09 00:00:00

abstract：:A likely mechanism of chromosomal rearrangement formation involves joining the ends from two different chromosomal double-strand breaks (DSBs). These events could potentially be mediated by either of two end-joining (EJ) repair pathways [canonical nonhomologous end joining (C-NHEJ) or alternative end joining (ALT-EJ)]...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bhargava R,Carson CR,Lee G,Stark JM

更新日期：2017-01-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Lost myelin can be replaced after injury or during demyelinating diseases in a regenerative process called remyelination. In the central nervous system (CNS), the myelin sheaths, which protect axons and allow the fast propagation of electrical impulses, are produced by oligodendrocytes. The abundance and widespread di...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bielecki B,Mattern C,Ghoumari AM,Javaid S,Smietanka K,Abi Ghanem C,Mhaouty-Kodja S,Ghandour MS,Baulieu EE,Franklin RJ,Schumacher M,Traiffort E

更新日期：2016-12-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Spinach chloroplasts were found to contain three forms of cytochrome b(559) that have the same alpha-peak at 559 nm, but are distinguished from one another by their oxidation-reduction potentials. The high-potential (H) form (E(m) about 330-350 mV) is reducible by hydroquinone, the middle-potential (M) form (E(m) abou...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wada K,Arnon DI

更新日期：1971-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article addresses the need for new data on indirect effects of natural and anthropogenic aerosol particles on atmospheric ice clouds. Simultaneous measurements of the concentration and composition of tropospheric aerosol particles capable of initiating ice in cold (cirrus) clouds are reported. Measurements suppor...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： DeMott PJ,Cziczo DJ,Prenni AJ,Murphy DM,Kreidenweis SM,Thomson DS,Borys R,Rogers DC

更新日期：2003-12-09 00:00:00