Abstract:
:A broad program of freezing species in threatened ecospheres could preserve biodiversity for eventual use by future generations. Sampling without studying can lower costs dramatically. Local labor can do most of the gathering. Plausible costs of collecting and cryogenically suspending the tropical rain forest species, at a sampling fraction of 10(-6), are about 2 billion dollars for a full century. Much more information than species DNA will be saved, allowing future biotechnology to derive high information content and perhaps even resurrect then-extinct species. Parallel programs of in situ and other ex situ preservation are essential to allow later expression of frozen genomes in members of the same genus. This is a broad proposal that should be debated throughout the entire scientific community.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Benford Gdoi
10.1073/pnas.89.22.11098keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1992-11-15 00:00:00pages
11098-101issue
22eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490journal_volume
89pub_type
杂志文章abstract::MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, 18-22 nt long, noncoding RNAs that act as potent negative gene regulators in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. To repress gene expression, miRNAs are packaged into RNA-induced silencing complexes (RISCs) that target mRNAs for degradation and/or translational repressio...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1408037111
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1415316111
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abstract::Some patients with a lesion to the primary visual cortex (V1) show "blindsight": the remarkable ability to guess correctly about attributes of stimuli presented to the blind hemifield. Here, we show that blindsight can be induced in normal observers by using transcranial magnetic stimulation of the occipital cortex bu...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0500834102
更新日期:2005-07-26 00:00:00
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.76.2.714
更新日期:1979-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Karrikins are a class of seed germination stimulants identified in smoke from wildfires. Microarray analysis of imbibed Arabidopsis thaliana seeds was performed to identify transcriptional responses to KAR(1) before germination. A small set of genes that are regulated by KAR(1), even when germination is prevented by t...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0911635107
更新日期:2010-04-13 00:00:00
abstract::Rat superior cervical sympathetic ganglion was used to begin studying the regulation of molecular components of the synapse. Ganglionic postsynaptic densities (PSDs)exhibited a thin, disc-shaped profile electron microscopically, comparable to that described for brain. Moreover, the presumptive ganglionic PSD protein (...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.84.23.8687
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
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abstract::Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is an inherited neurodegenerative disease, in which the death of mutant rod photoreceptors leads secondarily to the non-cell autonomous death of cone photoreceptors. Gene therapy is a promising treatment strategy. Unfortunately, current methods of gene delivery treat only a fraction of diseas...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1615394114
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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doi:10.1073/pnas.77.7.3971
更新日期:1980-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Routine dietary consumption of foods that contain aflatoxins is the second leading cause of environmental carcinogenesis worldwide. Aflatoxin-driven mutagenesis is initiated through metabolic activation of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) to its epoxide form that reacts with N7 guanine in DNA. The resulting AFB1-N7-dG adduct under...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2016-11-29 00:00:00
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1710770114
更新日期:2017-11-21 00:00:00
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1208995109
更新日期:2012-10-30 00:00:00
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1714342115
更新日期:2018-05-29 00:00:00
abstract::Grasslands cover more than 20% of the Earth's terrestrial surface, and their rise to dominance is one of the most dramatic events of biome evolution in Earth history. Grasses possess two main photosynthetic pathways: the C(3) pathway that is typical of most plants and a specialized C(4) pathway that minimizes photores...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0909672107
更新日期:2010-02-09 00:00:00
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0708561104
更新日期:2007-10-30 00:00:00
abstract::Preparations of the hemin-controlled repressor (HCR) from rabbit reticulocytes contain 3':5'-cyclic-AMP-independent protein kinase activity for the smallest subunit of the peptide initiation factor eIF-2 and for proteins of reticulocyte 40S ribosomal subunits. Binding of the ternary complex formed between Met-tRNAf, G...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.74.4.1445
更新日期:1977-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sulfate-assimilating organisms reduce inorganic sulfate for Cys biosynthesis. There are two leading hypotheses for the mechanism of sulfate reduction in higher plants. In one, adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (APS) (5'-adenylysulfate) sulfotransferase carries out reductive transfer of sulfate from APS to reduced glutathion...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.93.23.13383
更新日期:1996-11-12 00:00:00
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1701582114
更新日期:2017-07-11 00:00:00
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.97.1.228
更新日期:2000-01-04 00:00:00
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2020-11-03 00:00:00
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1321454111
更新日期:2014-01-07 00:00:00
abstract::A cDNA containing the full coding region of human cytochrome b5 was inserted into a vaccinia virus cDNA expression vector. Infection of human thymidine kinase-minus (TK-) 143 cells in culture with this recombinant virus resulted in production of 0.3 nmol of cytochrome b5 per mg of cell lysate protein. The expressed cy...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.87.14.5425
更新日期:1990-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Whole human blood was examined by (31)P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Individual phosphates (alpha,beta,gamma) of ATP were identifiable, and two microenvironments appeared to be present for this molecule. When sequential recordings of freshly collected blood were made, 2,3-diphosphoglycerate was observed to...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.71.6.2487
更新日期:1974-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Arsenate is an abundant oxyanion that, because of its ability to mimic the phosphate group, is toxic to cells. Arsenate reductase (EC; encoded by the arsC gene in bacteria) participates to achieve arsenate resistance in both prokaryotes and yeast by reducing arsenate to arsenite; the arsenite is then exported by a spe...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.241397198
更新日期:2001-11-20 00:00:00
abstract::Bacteriophage 434 encodes a repressor that, like bacteriophage lambda repressor, both activates and represses transcription. As in the lambda chromosome, a region of the 434 chromosome, called the right operator, contains three repressor binding sites (OR1, OR2, and OR3) that mediate these effects on two adjacent prom...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.83.24.9353
更新日期:1986-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Normal myeloid precursors and MGI(+)D(+) myeloid leukemic cells can be induced to differentiate to mature cells by the normal protein inducer MGI. The sequence of differentiation is the induction of C3 and Fc rosettes, C3 and Fc immune phagocytosis (IP), synthesis and secretion of lysozyme, and formation of mature mac...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.74.12.5554
更新日期:1977-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent studies show that plant organ positioning may be mediated by localized concentrations of the plant hormone auxin. Auxin patterning in the shoot apical meristem is in turn brought about by the subcellular polar distribution of the putative auxin efflux mediator, PIN1. However, the question of what signals determ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2006-01-31 00:00:00
abstract::Blood oxygen level-dependent functional MRI (fMRI) constitutes a powerful neuroimaging technology to map brain-wide functions in response to specific sensory or cognitive tasks. However, fMRI mapping of the vestibular system, which is pivotal for our sense of balance, poses significant challenges. Physical constraints...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2019-05-14 00:00:00
abstract::N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptor-mediated increases in intracellular calcium are thought to play a critical role in synaptic plasticity. The mechanisms by which changes in cytoplasmic calcium transmit the glutamate signal to the nucleus, which is ultimately important for long-lasting neuronal responses, ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.95.10.5773
更新日期:1998-05-12 00:00:00
abstract::Mouse bone marrow-derived Lin(-)-Sca-1(+) endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) has pluripotent abilities such as supporting neovascularization. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor 1 (VEGFR1) (Flt1) recognizes various VEGF isoforms and is critically implicated in a wide range of physiological and pathologic...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1304529110
更新日期:2013-08-20 00:00:00