Abstract:
:Mitochondria are central to the health of eukaryotic cells. While commonly known for their bioenergetic role, mitochondria also function as signaling organelles that regulate cell stress responses capable of restoring homeostasis or leading the stressed cell to eventual death. Damage to the plasma membrane is a potentially fatal stressor incurred by all cells. Repairing plasma membrane damage requires cells to mount a rapid and localized response to injury. Accumulating evidence has identified a role for mitochondria as an important facilitator of this acute and localized repair response. However, as mitochondria are organized in a cell-wide, interconnected network, it is unclear how they collectively sense and respond to a focal injury. Here we will discuss how mitochondrial shape change is an integral part of this localized repair response. Mitochondrial fragmentation spatially restricts beneficial repair signaling, enabling a localized response to focal injury. Conservation of mitochondrial fragmentation in response to cell and tissue damage across species demonstrates that this is a universal pro-survival adaptation to injury and suggests that mitochondrial fragmentation may provide cells a mechanism to facilitate localized signaling in contexts beyond repairing plasma membrane injury.
journal_name
Biochem Soc Transjournal_title
Biochemical Society transactionsauthors
Horn A,Jaiswal JKdoi
10.1042/BST20200120subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-10-30 00:00:00pages
1995-2002issue
5eissn
0300-5127issn
1470-8752pii
226535journal_volume
48pub_type
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