Abstract：
:Being motivated means exerting effort toward a goal. The 'law of least work' emphasizes a preference for exerting relatively less effort. The law crosses boundaries among species and between physical and mental work. Organisms should be highly sensitive to shifts in effort-reward balance (ERB) in order to make optimal choices. We used a free operant-foraging task to investigate changes in ERB on choice between options requiring more or less effort. Results showed a consistent preference for the option with less effort and insensitivity to shifts in ERB. A second aim explored the influence of order of experience on effort choice. Choice for the more effortful option significantly increased after experiencing an equal effort-reward relationship during the initial free operant-foraging session. This relative increase in choice for the effortful option persisted even after effort-reward imbalance. The findings highlight the importance of contextual factors such as order of experience when examining the impact of shifting effort-reward associations. Instead of ignoring or reducing order effects, the sequence of experience (e.g. for shifts in ERB) could be manipulated to enhance or reduce value of outcomes or effort itself.
journal_name
Behav Processesjournal_title
Behavioural processesauthors
Knauss ZT,Filipovic M,Smith KA,Queener MM,Lubera JA,Bolden-Hall NM,Smith JP,Goldsmith RS,Bischoff JE,Miller MK,Cromwell HCdoi
10.1016/j.beproc.2020.104239subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-12-01 00:00:00pages
104239eissn
0376-6357issn
1872-8308pii
S0376-6357(20)30432-0journal_volume
181pub_type
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