Abstract:
:Contingency, and more particularly temporal contingency, has often figured in thinking about the nature of learning. However, it has never been formally defined in such a way as to make it a measure that can be applied to most animal learning protocols. We use elementary information theory to define contingency in such a way as to make it a measurable property of almost any conditioning protocol. We discuss how making it a measurable construct enables the exploration of the role of different contingencies in the acquisition and performance of classically and operantly conditioned behavior.
journal_name
Behav Processesjournal_title
Behavioural processesauthors
Gallistel CR,Craig AR,Shahan TAdoi
10.1016/j.beproc.2013.08.012subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-01-01 00:00:00pages
89-96eissn
0376-6357issn
1872-8308pii
S0376-6357(13)00187-3journal_volume
101pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Sometimes the nests of the paper wasp Polistes dominulus are parasitized by the obligate social parasite Polistes sulcifer. It is not known how, in the spring, this parasite searches for established nests of its host species. This study investigates the capacity to detect the host nest by olfactory cues alone. In labo...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
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abstract::The 'chick-a-dee' call, common to all members of the genus Poecile, is used by both sexes throughout the year to putatively co-ordinate flock movements and register alarm. In some regions, two or more chickadee species occupy overlapping territories, and therefore it is essential that these sympatric species learn to ...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
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abstract::This study tested the use of ventilatory frequency (VF) as an indicator of stress in the Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.). Firstly, we tested the relationship between VF and plasma cortisol after confinement. Confined fish showed higher VF and plasma cortisol levels, but the latter continued to increase signif...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
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abstract::Variation of reproductive success, an important determinant of the opportunity for sexual selection, is an outcome of competition within one sex for mating with members of the other sex. In promiscuous species, males typically compete for access to females, and their reproductive strategies are strongly related to the...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2010.08.005
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abstract::This study investigated rats' preferences for using non-spatial and spatial cues in a missing-object recognition task. Rats were trained to find a sunflower seed under any one of four previously missing adjacent objects, the test array of a trial, after having found seeds under three of them in the 'study' array of th...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2013.04.007
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study aimed to develop and characterize a novel (standard) open field test adapted for larval zebrafish. We also developed and characterized a variant of the same assay consisting of a colour-enriched open field; this was used to assess the impact of environmental complexity on patterns of exploratory behaviours ...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2012.10.014
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Behavioural processes
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journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2018.12.011
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Behavioural processes
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journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2003-08-29 00:00:00
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journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0376-6357(95)00076-3
更新日期:1996-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2020.104239
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Behavioural processes
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journal_title:Behavioural processes
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doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2020.104146
更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Behavioural processes
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doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2003.09.001
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journal_title:Behavioural processes
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journal_title:Behavioural processes
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journal_title:Behavioural processes
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journal_title:Behavioural processes
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journal_title:Behavioural processes
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journal_title:Behavioural processes
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journal_title:Behavioural processes
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journal_title:Behavioural processes
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abstract::Behavioural variation among individuals has received a lot of attention by behavioural ecologists in the past few years. Its causes and consequences are becoming vast areas of research. The origin and maintenance of individual variation in behaviour within and among populations is affected by many facets of the biotic...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
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