The protective effect of trilobatin against isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity in mouse hippocampal neuronal HT22 cells involves the Nrf2/ARE pathway.

abstract：:Cyclosporine (CsA) is a universally used immunosuppressive drug which induces adverse side effects in several organs, but its impact on the heart is still controversial. Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs), such as HSP25 and alpha B-crystallin, are cytoprotective stress proteins exceptionally represented in the heart. T...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Stacchiotti A,Bonomini F,Lavazza A,Rodella LF,Rezzani R

更新日期：2009-08-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Solar radiation induces acute and chronic reactions in human and animal skin. Chronic repeated exposures are the primary cause of benign and malignant skin tumors, including malignant melanoma. Among types of solar radiation, ultraviolet B (290-320 nm) radiation is highly mutagenic and carcinogenic in animal experimen...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Ichihashi M,Ueda M,Budiyanto A,Bito T,Oka M,Fukunaga M,Tsuru K,Horikawa T

更新日期：2003-07-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The expanding use of innovative botanical ingredients in dietary supplements and foods has resulted in a flurry of research aimed at the development and validation of analytical methods for accurate measurement of active ingredients. The pressing need for these methods is being met through an expansive collaborative i...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Sullivan D,Crowley R

更新日期：2006-04-03 00:00:00

abstract：:We recently reported that Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (Delta(9)-THC) has the ability to stimulate the proliferation of human breast carcinoma MCF-7 cells. However, the mechanism of action remains to be clarified. The present study focused on the relationship between receptor expression and the effects of Delta(9)-TH...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Takeda S,Yamaori S,Motoya E,Matsunaga T,Kimura T,Yamamoto I,Watanabe K

更新日期：2008-03-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Fischer 344 rats were exposed to filtered air (controls) or to 0.12, 0.5, or 1.0 ppm of ozone for 6 h/day, 5 days/week, for 20 months. We examined lung collagen deposition and metabolism in tissue from these animals to determine whether chronic exposure of rats to ozone causes pulmonary fibrosis. We observed excess st...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Last JA,Gelzleichter T,Harkema J,Parks WC,Mellick P

更新日期：1993-11-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Thiols are known to influence the metabolism of glutathione. In a previous study (Toxicology 156 (2001) 93) dithiothreitol (DTT) did not show any effect on intra- or extracellular glutathione concentrations in HeLa cell cultures but increased the effects of mercury ions on glutathione concentrations, whereas monothiol...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Hultberg B,Andersson A,Isaksson A

更新日期：2002-06-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Exposure to cadmium (Cd) can cause a variety of biological effects including alterations of immune responses in animals and humans. Both immunosuppression and immunoenhancement have been reported. The present study was aimed at investigating the consequences of exposure to Cd on the human immunoglobulin (Ig) E synthes...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Jelovcan S,Gutschi A,Kleinhappl B,Sedlmayr P,Barth S,Marth E

更新日期：2003-06-03 00:00:00

abstract：:The objective of this study was to observe whether 1.8 GHz microwaves (MW) (SAR, 3 W/kg) exposure can influence human lymphocyte DNA damage induced by ultraviolet ray C (UVC). The lymphocytes, which were from three young healthy donors, were exposed to 254 nm UVC at the doses of 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 J m(-...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Baohong W,Lifen J,Lanjuan L,Jianlin L,Deqiang L,Wei Z,Jiliang H

更新日期：2007-04-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Increasing experimental and clinical evidence suggest a contribution of non-drug related risk factors (e.g., underlying disease, bacterial/viral infection) to idiosyncratic drug reactions (IDR). Our previous work showed that co-treatment with bacterial endotoxin (LPS) and therapeutic doses of diclofenac (Dcl), an anal...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Ramm S,Morissey B,Hernandez B,Rooney C,Pennington SR,Mally A

更新日期：2015-05-04 00:00:00

abstract：:We have previously shown that young guinea pigs repeatedly exposed to sidestream cigarette smoke (SS) develop decreased airway reactivity of the C-fiber system without changing reactivity to one of its neurotransmitters, substance P (SP). This study was designed to determine whether the decreased reactivity was due to...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Joad JP,Avadhanam KP,Watt KC,Kott KS,Bric JM,Pinkerton KE

更新日期：1996-09-02 00:00:00

abstract：:The majority of human P450-dependent xenobiotic metabolism is carried out by polymorphic enzymes which can cause abolished, quantitatively or qualitatively altered or enhanced metabolism. The latter situation is due to stable duplication, multiduplication or amplification of active genes, most likely in response to di...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Ingelman-Sundberg M

更新日期：2002-12-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Mature rats were dosed with T3 by different routes and dose-levels at either 0.1 mg/kg for 14 days s.c. (Group A), 1 mg/kg for 3 alternative days i.p. (Group B), 5 mg/kg for 14 days p.o. (Group C), or with propylthiouracil (PTU 50 mg/day for 14 days p.o.-Group D). Measurement of cerebellar and striatal NA+,K+-ATPase a...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Atterwill CK,Brown CG,Collins P

更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A new methodology for estimating the probabilistic risk from acute toxic exposures is planned as a support tool for the Air Force at the Eastern and Western Ranges. Two such methodologies are programs entitled the Launch Area Toxic Analysis program (LATRA) and the Cold Spill Toxic Risk Analysis program (COSTRA). These...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Philipson LL,Hudson JM,See AM

更新日期：1996-07-17 00:00:00

abstract：:p-Chloro-m-cresol (PCMC) and p-chloro-m-xylenol (PCMX) are known to cause allergic contact dermatitis. For risk assessment of skin sensitizers, information on dose-response profiles in the induction and elicitation phases and cross-reactivity with analogous chemicals are important. In the non-radioactive local lymph-n...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Yamano T,Shimizu M,Noda T

更新日期：2003-08-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Trichloroacetic acid, TCA, is a water chlorination by-product similar to dichloroacetic acid, DCA. Because DCA has been shown to have effects on intermediary metabolism, TCA was tested to determine if it possesses similar capabilities. The effects were more pronounced in females. High doses of TCA (2.45 mumol/kg three...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Davis ME

更新日期：1990-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The susceptibility to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) varies greatly within human populations in response to environmental risk agents. The mechanisms underlying differential susceptibility are still largely unknown and need to be clarified to improve HCC chemoprevention and therapeutic treatment. Inbred rodent strains...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Timofeeva OA,Eremeev AV,Goloshchapov A,Kalashnikova E,Ilnitskaya S,Setkov NA,Kobzev V,Buzard GS,Filipenko ML,Kaledin VI,Merkulova TI

更新日期：2008-12-05 00:00:00

abstract：:This study reviews current understanding of mechanisms of biotransformation of organophosphorus compounds (OPC). The first part of this article covers chemical aspects of biotransformation describing reactions that lead to activation or detoxication of OPC. The second part explains biochemical mechanisms of biotransfo...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Jokanović M

更新日期：2001-09-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Manganese (II) bis(glycinate)dichloride (Mn(glycinate)2) is a coordination complex of manganese with application as a contrast enhancement agent for magnetic resonance imaging in the heart. To determine the cardioactivity of the manganese ion in this chelation cage, the effects of Mn(glycinate)2 on Ca channel function...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Tan W,Barnett JV,Hehn GM,Quay SC,Galper JB

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In several separate experiments neonatal rats were intubated daily with 9, 27 or 81 mg lead acetate/kg of body weight throughout their 3-week postnatal period of development. Based on average body weights, the total daily lead intake was 0.156, 0.454 or 1.384 mg lead per animal, respectively (in addition to normal lea...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Sobotka TJ,Brodie RE,Cook MP

更新日期：1975-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Long-term exposure to pharmacological agents can select for cells that overexpress efflux transporters. We previously showed that mouse J774 macrophages cultivated for a prolonged period of time with toxic concentrations of the fluoroquinolone ciprofloxacin overexpress the efflux transporter Mrp4 and display a reduced...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Vallet CM,Marquez B,Nhiri N,Anantharajah A,Mingeot-Leclercq MP,Tulkens PM,Lallemand JY,Jacquet E,Van Bambeke F

更新日期：2011-12-18 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper presents an overview of issues related to surface water contamination arising from uranium mining activities in the Alligator Rivers Region (ARR) of northern Australia, and a program of research and monitoring that must assess the potential and actual effects on ecosystem and human health. The program of as...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： van Dam RA,Humphrey CL,Martin P

更新日期：2002-12-27 00:00:00

abstract：:The use of zinc as a nutritional supplement has become common in many countries. Since zinc has diverse actions, it may be difficult to predict its synergistic and/or antagonistic action in simultaneous presence of drug(s). The combination of imidazole antifungals, but not triazole antifungals, with 3-30 microM ZnCl2 ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Matsui H,Sakanashi Y,Oyama TM,Oyama Y,Yokota S,Ishida S,Okano Y,Oyama TB,Nishimura Y

更新日期：2008-06-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Consequences of exposure of rats for 2 days or less to O3 at various concentrations between 0.12 and 0.96 ppm were measured using several assays performed on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Changes in apparent lung permeability were assessed by measurement of recovery of labelled bovine serum albumin in lung lavage flui...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Guth DJ,Warren DL,Last JA

更新日期：1986-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The agricultural fungicide N-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)succinimide (NDPS) is an acute nephrotoxicant in rats. Our previous studies have strongly suggested that glucuronide conjugation of NDPS metabolites might be a bioactivation step mediating NDPS nephrotoxicity. In this study, effects of substrates and/or inhibitors of pr...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Hong SK,Anestis DK,Brown PI,Rankin GO

更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There is a close relationship between the central nervous system activity and bone metabolism. Therefore, methamphetamine (METH), which stimulates the central nervous system, is expected to affect bone turnover. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of METH in bone metabolism. Mice were divided into 3 grou...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Tomita M,Katsuyama H,Watanabe Y,Okuyama T,Fushimi S,Ishikawa T,Nata M,Miyamoto O

更新日期：2014-05-07 00:00:00

abstract：:This study is aimed to investigate the inflammation and neurological dysfunction induced by tetrachloro-p-benzoquinone (TCBQ) through Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling. We also investigated the protective role of melatonin as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. In vitro model was established by rat pheochr...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Fu J,Xia X,Liu Z,Wang Y,Wang Y,Shi Q,Song X,Song E,Song Y

更新日期：2017-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The possible role of ionotropics glutamate receptors on the HgCl(2)-induced dopamine (DA) release from rat striatum was investigated by using in vivo brain microdialysis technique after administration of selective NMDA and AMPA/Kainate receptors antagonists dizocilpine (MK-801), D (-)-2-amino-5-phoshonopentanoic acid ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Vidal L,Durán R,Faro LF,Campos F,Cervantes RC,Alfonso M

更新日期：2007-09-05 00:00:00

abstract：:The current Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guidelines for evaluating organophosphorus-induced delayed neuropathy (OPIDN) require the observation of dosed animals over several days and the sacrifice of 48 hens. Adhering to these protocols in tests with enantiomers is difficult because lar...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Emerick GL,DeOliveira GH,Oliveira RV,Ehrich M

更新日期：2012-02-26 00:00:00

abstract：:The two major mammalian metabolites of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), namely 2-hydroxy-3,7,8-trichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and 2-hydroxy-1,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, have been synthesized. The compounds were individually administered to immature male Wistar rats and their effects on body weight loss, ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Mason G,Safe S

更新日期：1986-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent attention to methanol (MeOH) as a potential alternative fuel prompted an evaluation of the chemical's effects during early pregnancy. Rats were dosed by gavage during Days 1-8 of pregnancy at 0, 1.6, 2.4, or 3.2 g MeOH/kg/day. Groups of animals were killed on Days 9, 11, or 20 of pregnancy, and maternal, embryo...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Cummings AM

更新日期：1993-05-24 00:00:00