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T cell-inducing vaccine durably prevents mucosal SHIV infection even with lower neutralizing antibody titers.

Abstract：

:Recent efforts toward an HIV vaccine focus on inducing broadly neutralizing antibodies, but eliciting both neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) and cellular responses may be superior. Here, we immunized macaques with an HIV envelope trimer, either alone to induce nAbs, or together with a heterologous viral vector regimen to elicit nAbs and cellular immunity, including CD8+ tissue-resident memory T cells. After ten vaginal challenges with autologous virus, protection was observed in both vaccine groups at 53.3% and 66.7%, respectively. A nAb titer >300 was generally associated with protection but in the heterologous viral vector + nAb group, titers <300 were sufficient. In this group, protection was durable as the animals resisted six more challenges 5 months later. Antigen stimulation of T cells in ex vivo vaginal tissue cultures triggered antiviral responses in myeloid and CD4+ T cells. We propose that cellular immune responses reduce the threshold of nAbs required to confer superior and durable protection.

journal_name

Nat Med

journal_title

Nature medicine

authors

Arunachalam PS,Charles TP,Joag V,Bollimpelli VS,Scott MKD,Wimmers F,Burton SL,Labranche CC,Petitdemange C,Gangadhara S,Styles TM,Quarnstrom CF,Walter KA,Ketas TJ,Legere T,Jagadeesh Reddy PB,Kasturi SP,Tsai A,Yeung BZ

doi

10.1038/s41591-020-0858-8

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2020-06-01 00:00:00

pages

932-940

issue

6

eissn

1078-8956

issn

1546-170X

pii

10.1038/s41591-020-0858-8

journal_volume

26

pub_type

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