Abstract:
:Axons span extreme distances and are subject to significant stretch deformations during limb movements or sudden head movements, especially during impacts. Yet, axon biomechanics, and its relation to the ultrastructure that allows axons to withstand mechanical stress, is poorly understood. Using a custom developed force apparatus, we demonstrate that chick dorsal root ganglion axons exhibit a tension buffering or strain-softening response, where its steady state elastic modulus decreases with increasing strain. We then explore the contributions from the various cytoskeletal components of the axon to show that the recently discovered membrane-associated actin-spectrin scaffold plays a prominent mechanical role. Finally, using a theoretical model, we argue that the actin-spectrin skeleton acts as an axonal tension buffer by reversibly unfolding repeat domains of the spectrin tetramers to release excess mechanical stress. Our results revise the current viewpoint that microtubules and their associated proteins are the only significant load-bearing elements in axons.
journal_name
Elifejournal_title
eLifeauthors
Dubey S,Bhembre N,Bodas S,Veer S,Ghose A,Callan-Jones A,Pullarkat Pdoi
10.7554/eLife.51772subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-04-08 00:00:00issn
2050-084Xpii
51772journal_volume
9pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
eLife文献大全abstract::Mammalian HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR), the rate-limiting enzyme of the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway and the therapeutic target of statins, is post-transcriptionally regulated by sterol-accelerated degradation. Under cholesterol-replete conditions, HMGCR is ubiquitinated and degraded, but the identity of the E3 ubiqu...
journal_title:eLife
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7554/eLife.40009
更新日期:2018-12-13 00:00:00
abstract::WNK1, a kinase that controls kidney salt homeostasis, also regulates adhesion and migration in CD4+ T cells. Wnk1 is highly expressed in thymocytes, and since migration is important for thymocyte maturation, we investigated a role for WNK1 in mouse thymocyte development. We find that WNK1 is required for the transitio...
journal_title:eLife
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7554/eLife.56934
更新日期:2020-10-14 00:00:00
abstract::Dephosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2a (eIF2a) restores protein synthesis at the waning of stress responses and requires a PP1 catalytic subunit and a regulatory subunit, PPP1R15A/GADD34 or PPP1R15B/CReP. Surprisingly, PPP1R15-PP1 binary complexes reconstituted in vitro lacked substrate selec...
journal_title:eLife
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7554/eLife.04871
更新日期:2015-03-16 00:00:00
abstract::During sleep, the brain experiences large fluctuations in blood volume and altered coupling between neural and vascular signals. ...
journal_title:eLife
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.7554/eLife.64597
更新日期:2020-12-23 00:00:00
abstract::A major puzzle in biology is how mammalian sperm maintain the correct swimming direction during various phases of the sexual reproduction process. Whilst chemotaxis may dominate near the ovum, it is unclear which cues guide spermatozoa on their long journey towards the egg. Hypothesized mechanisms range from peristalt...
journal_title:eLife
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7554/eLife.02403
更新日期:2014-05-27 00:00:00
abstract::More than 1500 fossils from the Rising Star cave system in South Africa have been assigned to a new human species, Homo naledi, which displays a unique combination of primitive and derived traits throughout the skeleton. ...
journal_title:eLife
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.7554/eLife.10627
更新日期:2015-09-10 00:00:00
abstract::Previously, we identified long repeat sequences that are frequently associated with genome rearrangements, including copy number variation (CNV), in many diverse isolates of the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans (Todd et al., 2019). Here, we describe the rapid acquisition of novel, high copy number CNVs during ad...
journal_title:eLife
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7554/eLife.58349
更新日期:2020-07-20 00:00:00
abstract::Pore-blocking toxins inhibit voltage-dependent K(+) channels (Kv channels) by plugging the ion-conduction pathway. We have solved the crystal structure of paddle chimera, a Kv channel in complex with charybdotoxin (CTX), a pore-blocking toxin. The toxin binds to the extracellular pore entryway without producing discer...
journal_title:eLife
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7554/eLife.00594
更新日期:2013-05-21 00:00:00
abstract::Studies of the performance of individuals with dyslexia in perceptual tasks suggest that their implicit inference of sound statistics is impaired. Previously, using two-tone frequency discrimination, we found that the effect of previous trials' frequencies on the judgments of individuals with dyslexia decays faster th...
journal_title:eLife
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7554/eLife.30018
更新日期:2018-02-28 00:00:00
abstract::When a female fly mates it produces a hormone that increases the size of its midgut and enhances fat metabolism in order to provide the energy needed for reproduction. ...
journal_title:eLife
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.7554/eLife.09556
更新日期:2015-07-28 00:00:00
abstract::High-altitude environments require that animals meet the metabolic O2 demands for locomotion and thermogenesis in O2-thin air, but the degree to which convergent metabolic changes have arisen across independent high-altitude lineages or the speed at which such changes arise is unclear. We examined seven high-altitude ...
journal_title:eLife
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7554/eLife.56259
更新日期:2020-07-30 00:00:00
abstract::How living systems break symmetry in an organized manner is a fundamental question in biology. In wild-type Caenorhabditis elegans zygotes, symmetry breaking during anterior-posterior axis specification is guided by centrosomes, resulting in anterior-directed cortical flows and a single posterior PAR-2 domain. We unco...
journal_title:eLife
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7554/eLife.44552
更新日期:2019-02-26 00:00:00
abstract::With implantation, mouse stromal cells begin to transform into epithelial-like cells surrounding the implantation chamber forming an avascular zone called the primary decidual zone (PDZ). In the mouse, the PDZ forms a transient, size-dependent permeable barrier to protect the embryo from maternal circulating harmful a...
journal_title:eLife
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7554/eLife.61762
更新日期:2020-09-29 00:00:00
abstract::RNA molecules cause the proteins involved in the formation of germ granules to coalesce into liquid droplets. ...
journal_title:eLife
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.7554/eLife.24106
更新日期:2017-01-24 00:00:00
abstract::The gut microbiota of patients recently diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis is enriched in microbes belonging to the Prevotella genus. ...
journal_title:eLife
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.7554/eLife.01608
更新日期:2013-11-05 00:00:00
abstract::Bone destruction relies on interactions between bone and immune cells. Bone-resorbing osteoclasts (OCLs) were recently identified as innate immune cells activating T cells toward tolerance or inflammation. Thus, pathological bone destruction not only relies on increased osteoclast differentiation, but also on the pres...
journal_title:eLife
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7554/eLife.54493
更新日期:2020-05-13 00:00:00
abstract::Arm-amputation involves two powerful drivers for brain plasticity-sensory deprivation and altered use. However, research has largely focused on sensory deprivation and maladaptive change. Here we show that adaptive patterns of limb usage after amputation drive cortical plasticity. We report that individuals with conge...
journal_title:eLife
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7554/eLife.01273
更新日期:2013-11-12 00:00:00
abstract::A fluorescent imaging technique called fastFISH has been used to track the various steps involved in the transcription of a single DNA molecule. ...
journal_title:eLife
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.7554/eLife.02061
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Holliday junctions (HJs) are key DNA intermediates in homologous recombination. They link homologous DNA strands and have to be faithfully removed for proper DNA segregation and genome integrity. Here, we present the crystal structure of human HJ resolvase GEN1 complexed with DNA at 3.0 Å resolution. The GEN1 core is ...
journal_title:eLife
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7554/eLife.12256
更新日期:2015-12-18 00:00:00
abstract::Genetic techniques have shed new light on the organization of the neurons in the ventral nervous system of the fruit fly. ...
journal_title:eLife
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.7554/eLife.10317
更新日期:2015-08-28 00:00:00
abstract::Seasonal influenza virus A/H3N2 is a major cause of death globally. Vaccination remains the most effective preventative. Rapid mutation of hemagglutinin allows viruses to escape adaptive immunity. This antigenic drift necessitates regular vaccine updates. Effective vaccine strains need to represent H3N2 populations ci...
journal_title:eLife
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7554/eLife.60067
更新日期:2020-09-02 00:00:00
abstract:: ...
journal_title:eLife
pub_type: 已发布勘误
doi:10.7554/eLife.65214
更新日期:2020-12-04 00:00:00
abstract::In all living organisms, ribosomes translating membrane proteins are targeted to membrane translocons early in translation, by the ubiquitous signal recognition particle (SRP) system. In eukaryotes, the SRP Alu domain arrests translation elongation of membrane proteins until targeting is complete. Curiously, however, ...
journal_title:eLife
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7554/eLife.03440
更新日期:2014-08-18 00:00:00
abstract::Cell growth and/or proliferation may require the reprogramming of metabolic pathways, whereby a switch from oxidative to glycolytic metabolism diverts glycolytic intermediates towards anabolic pathways. Herein, we identify a novel role for TRIM32 in the maintenance of glycolytic flux mediated by biochemical interactio...
journal_title:eLife
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7554/eLife.52358
更新日期:2020-03-30 00:00:00
abstract::Huntington disease (HD) is a neurological disorder caused by polyglutamine expansions in mutated Huntingtin (mHtt) proteins, rendering them prone to form inclusion bodies (IB). We report that in yeast, such IB formation is a factor-dependent process subjected to age-related decline. A genome-wide, high-content imaging...
journal_title:eLife
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7554/eLife.11792
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Cdc45/Mcm2-7/GINS (CMG) helicase separates DNA strands during replication in eukaryotes. How the CMG is assembled and engages DNA substrates remains unclear. Using electron microscopy, we have determined the structure of the CMG in the presence of ATPγS and a DNA duplex bearing a 3' single-stranded tail. The struc...
journal_title:eLife
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7554/eLife.03273
更新日期:2014-08-12 00:00:00
abstract::The phylogenetic placement of the morphologically simple placozoans is crucial to understanding the evolution of complex animal traits. Here, we examine the influence of adding new genomes from placozoans to a large dataset designed to study the deepest splits in the animal phylogeny. Using site-heterogeneous substitu...
journal_title:eLife
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7554/eLife.36278
更新日期:2018-10-30 00:00:00
abstract::Development of specialized cells and structures in the heart is regulated by spatially -restricted molecular pathways. Disruptions in these pathways can cause severe congenital cardiac malformations or functional defects. To better understand these pathways and how they regulate cardiac development we used tomo-seq, c...
journal_title:eLife
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7554/eLife.31515
更新日期:2018-02-05 00:00:00
abstract::WW domain tandem-containing proteins such as KIBRA, YAP, and MAGI play critical roles in cell growth and polarity via binding to and positioning target proteins in specific subcellular regions. An immense disparity exists between promiscuity of WW domain-mediated target bindings and specific roles of WW domain protein...
journal_title:eLife
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7554/eLife.49439
更新日期:2019-09-05 00:00:00
abstract::We determined whether the mutations found in ovarian cancers could be identified in the patients' ovarian cyst fluids. Tumor-specific mutations were detectable in the cyst fluids of 19 of 23 (83%) borderline tumors, 10 of 13 (77%) type I cancers, and 18 of 18 (100%) type II cancers. In contrast, no mutations were foun...
journal_title:eLife
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7554/eLife.15175
更新日期:2016-07-15 00:00:00