abstract：:The ubiquitous presence of inhibitory interneurons in the thalamus of primates contrasts with the sparsity of interneurons reported in mice. Here, we identify a larger than expected complexity and distribution of interneurons across the mouse thalamus, where all thalamic interneurons can be traced back to two developm...

journal_title：eLife

authors： Jager P,Moore G,Calpin P,Durmishi X,Salgarella I,Menage L,Kita Y,Wang Y,Kim DW,Blackshaw S,Schultz SR,Brickley S,Shimogori T,Delogu A

更新日期：2021-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The risk of developing cancer is correlated with body size and lifespan within species. Between species, however, there is no correlation between cancer and either body size or lifespan, indicating that large, long-lived species have evolved enhanced cancer protection mechanisms. Elephants and their relatives (Probosc...

journal_title：eLife

authors： Vazquez JM,Lynch VJ

更新日期：2021-01-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Ligand binding stabilizes different G protein-coupled receptor states via a complex allosteric process that is not completely understood. Here, we have derived free energy landscapes describing activation of the β2 adrenergic receptor bound to ligands with different efficacy profiles using enhanced sampling molecular ...

journal_title：eLife

authors： Fleetwood O,Carlsson J,Delemotte L

更新日期：2021-01-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Antiviral effectors such as natural killer (NK) cells have impaired functions in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. The molecular mechanism responsible for this dysfunction remains poorly characterised. We show that decreased cytokine production capacity of peripheral NK cells from CHB patients was associated with re...

journal_title：eLife

authors： Marotel M,Villard M,Drouillard A,Tout I,Besson L,Allatif O,Pujol M,Rocca Y,Ainouze M,Roblot G,Viel S,Gomez M,Loustaud V,Alain S,Durantel D,Walzer T,Hasan U,Marçais A

更新日期：2021-01-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Dendrites shape information flow in neurons. Yet, there is little consensus on the level of spatial complexity at which they operate. Through carefully chosen parameter fits, solvable in the least-squares sense, we obtain accurate reduced compartmental models at any level of complexity. We show that (back-propagating)...

journal_title：eLife

authors： Wybo WA,Jordan J,Ellenberger B,Marti Mengual U,Nevian T,Senn W

更新日期：2021-01-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Determining the etiologic basis of the mutations that are responsible for cancer is one of the fundamental challenges in modern cancer research. Different mutational processes induce different types of DNA mutations, providing 'mutational signatures' that have led to key insights into cancer etiology. The most widely ...

journal_title：eLife

authors： Afsari B,Kuo A,Zhang Y,Li L,Lahouel K,Danilova L,Favorov A,Rosenquist TA,Grollman AP,Kinzler KW,Cope L,Vogelstein B,Tomasetti C

更新日期：2021-01-25 00:00:00

abstract：: ...

journal_title：eLife

authors： Hayasaka N,Hirano A,Miyoshi Y,Tokuda IT,Yoshitane H,Matsuda J,Fukada Y

更新日期：2021-01-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Cranial neural crest (CNC) cells give rise to bone, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments of the vertebrate craniofacial musculoskeletal complex, as well as regulate mesoderm-derived craniofacial muscle development through cell-cell interactions. Using the mouse soft palate as a model, we performed an unbiased single-cell...

journal_title：eLife

authors： Han X,Feng J,Guo T,Loh YE,Yuan Y,Ho TV,Cho CK,Li J,Jing J,Janeckova E,He J,Pei F,Bi J,Song B,Chai Y

更新日期：2021-01-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Telomeres are nucleoprotein complexes at the ends of chromosomes and are indispensable for the protection and lengthening of terminal DNA. Despite the evolutionarily conserved roles of telomeres, the telomeric double-strand DNA (dsDNA)-binding proteins have evolved rapidly. Here, we identified double-strand telomeric ...

journal_title：eLife

authors： Yamamoto I,Zhang K,Zhang J,Vorontsov E,Shibuya H

更新日期：2021-01-21 00:00:00

abstract：:We generated induced excitatory neurons (iNeurons, iNs) from chimpanzee, bonobo, and human stem cells by expressing the transcription factor neurogenin-2 (NGN2). Single-cell RNA sequencing showed that genes involved in dendrite and synapse development are expressed earlier during iNs maturation in the chimpanzee and b...

journal_title：eLife

authors： Schörnig M,Ju X,Fast L,Ebert S,Weigert A,Kanton S,Schaffer T,Nadif Kasri N,Treutlein B,Peter BM,Hevers W,Taverna E

更新日期：2021-01-20 00:00:00

abstract：:While traditional microbiological freshwater tests focus on the detection of specific bacterial indicator species, including pathogens, direct tracing of all aquatic DNA through metagenomics poses a profound alternative. Yet, in situ metagenomic water surveys face substantial challenges in cost and logistics. Here, we...

journal_title：eLife

authors： Urban L,Holzer A,Baronas JJ,Hall MB,Braeuninger-Weimer P,Scherm MJ,Kunz DJ,Perera SN,Martin-Herranz DE,Tipper ET,Salter SJ,Stammnitz MR

更新日期：2021-01-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Recently, a small-molecule communication mechanism was discovered in a range of Bacillus-infecting bacteriophages, which these temperate phages use to inform their lysis-lysogeny decision. We present a mathematical model of the ecological and evolutionary dynamics of such viral communication, and show that a communica...

journal_title：eLife

authors： Doekes HM,Mulder GA,Hermsen R

更新日期：2021-01-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Mapping polyclonal serum responses is critical to rational vaccine design. However, most high-resolution mapping approaches involve isolating and characterizing individual antibodies, which incompletely defines the polyclonal response. Here we use two complementary approaches to directly map the specificities of the n...

journal_title：eLife

authors： Dingens AS,Pratap P,Malone KD,Hilton SK,Ketas T,Cottrell CA,Overbaugh JM,Moore JP,Klasse PJ,Ward AB,Bloom JD

更新日期：2021-01-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Most funding agencies rely on peer review to evaluate grant applications and proposals, but research into the use of this process by funding agencies has been limited. Here we explore if two changes to the organization of peer review for proposals submitted to various funding actions by the European Union has an influ...

journal_title：eLife

authors： Pina DG,Buljan I,Hren D,Marušić A

更新日期：2021-01-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Mating systems have profound effects on genetic diversity and compatibility. The convergent evolution of self-fertilization in three Caenorhabditis species provides a powerful lens to examine causes and consequences of mating system transitions. Among the selfers, Caenorhabditis tropicalis is the least genetically div...

journal_title：eLife

authors： Noble LM,Yuen J,Stevens L,Moya N,Persaud R,Moscatelli M,Jackson JL,Zhang G,Chitrakar R,Baugh LR,Braendle C,Andersen EC,Seidel HS,Rockman MV

更新日期：2021-01-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Although mRNAs are localized in the processes of excitatory neurons, it is still unclear whether interneurons also localize a large population of mRNAs. In addition, the variability in the localized mRNA population within and between cell types is unknown. Here we describe the unbiased transcriptomic characterization ...

journal_title：eLife

authors： Perez JD,Dieck ST,Alvarez-Castelao B,Tushev G,Chan IC,Schuman EM

更新日期：2021-01-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a devastating disease. Although rigorous efforts identified the presence of 'cancer stem cells (CSCs)' in PDAC and molecular markers for them, stem cell dynamics in vivo have not been clearly demonstrated. Here we focused on Doublecortin-like kinase 1 (Dclk1), known as a CSC ...

journal_title：eLife

authors： Maruno T,Fukuda A,Goto N,Tsuda M,Ikuta K,Hiramatsu Y,Ogawa S,Nakanishi Y,Yamaga Y,Yoshioka T,Takaori K,Uemoto S,Saur D,Chiba T,Seno H

更新日期：2021-01-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Postmitotic tissues are incapable of replacing damaged cells through proliferation, but need to rely on buffering mechanisms to prevent tissue disintegration. By constitutively activating the Ras/MAPK-pathway via RasV12-overexpression in the postmitotic salivary glands of Drosophila larvae, we overrode the glands adap...

journal_title：eLife

authors： Krautz R,Khalili D,Theopold U

更新日期：2020-12-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Studies in different animal model systems have revealed the impact of odors on immune cells; however, any understanding on why and how odors control cellular immunity remained unclear. We find that Drosophila employ an olfactory-immune cross-talk to tune a specific cell type, the lamellocytes, from hematopoietic-proge...

journal_title：eLife

authors： Madhwal S,Shin M,Kapoor A,Goyal M,Joshi MK,Ur Rehman PM,Gor K,Shim J,Mukherjee T

更新日期：2020-12-29 00:00:00

abstract：:The prefrontal cortex (PFC)'s functions are thought to include working memory, as its activity can reflect information that must be temporarily maintained to realize the current goal. We designed a flexible spatial working memory task that required rats to navigate - after distractions and a delay - to multiple possib...

journal_title：eLife

authors： Böhm C,Lee AK

更新日期：2020-12-24 00:00:00

abstract：:During sleep, the brain experiences large fluctuations in blood volume and altered coupling between neural and vascular signals. ...

journal_title：eLife

authors： Williams SD,Lewis LD

更新日期：2020-12-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Cerebral cortical architecture at birth encodes regionally differential dendritic arborization and synaptic formation. It underlies behavioral emergence of 2-year-olds. Brain changes in 0-2 years are most dynamic across the lifespan. Effective prediction of future behavior with brain microstructure at birth will revea...

journal_title：eLife

authors： Ouyang M,Peng Q,Jeon T,Heyne R,Chalak L,Huang H

更新日期：2020-12-22 00:00:00

abstract：:When a T cell and an antigen-presenting cell form an immunological synapse, rapid dynein-driven translocation of the centrosome toward the contact site leads to reorganization of microtubules and associated organelles. Currently, little is known about how the regulation of microtubule dynamics contributes to this proc...

journal_title：eLife

authors： Hooikaas PJ,Damstra HG,Gros OJ,van Riel WE,Martin M,Smits YT,van Loosdregt J,Kapitein LC,Berger F,Akhmanova A

更新日期：2020-12-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Although several sleep-regulating neuronal populations have been identified, little is known about how they interact with each other to control sleep/wake states. We previously identified neuropeptide VF (NPVF) and the hypothalamic neurons that produce it as a sleep-promoting system (Lee et al., 2017). Here we show us...

journal_title：eLife

authors： Lee DA,Oikonomou G,Cammidge T,Andreev A,Hong Y,Hurley H,Prober DA

更新日期：2020-12-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Here, we describe the case of a COVID-19 patient who developed recurring ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa that acquired increasing levels of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in response to treatment. Metagenomic analysis revealed the AMR genotype, while immunological analysis revealed mas...

journal_title：eLife

authors： Gregorova M,Morse D,Brignoli T,Steventon J,Hamilton F,Albur M,Arnold D,Thomas M,Halliday A,Baum H,Rice C,Avison MB,Davidson AD,Santopaolo M,Oliver E,Goenka A,Finn A,Wooldridge L,Amulic B,Boyton RJ,Altmann DM,But

更新日期：2020-12-17 00:00:00

abstract：:AKT is implicated in neurological disorders. AKT has three isoforms, AKT1/AKT2/AKT3, with brain cell type-specific expression that may differentially influence behavior. Therefore, we examined single Akt isoform, conditional brain-specific Akt1, and double Akt1/3 mutant mice in behaviors relevant to neuropsychiatric d...

journal_title：eLife

authors： Wong H,Levenga J,LaPlante L,Keller B,Cooper-Sansone A,Borski C,Milstead R,Ehringer M,Hoeffer C

更新日期：2020-12-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Aging is characterized by extensive metabolic reprogramming. To identify metabolic pathways associated with aging, we analyzed age-dependent changes in the metabolomes of long-lived Drosophila melanogaster. Among the metabolites that changed, levels of tyrosine were increased with age in long-lived flies. We demonstra...

journal_title：eLife

authors： Parkhitko AA,Ramesh D,Wang L,Leshchiner D,Filine E,Binari R,Olsen AL,Asara JM,Cracan V,Rabinowitz JD,Brockmann A,Perrimon N

更新日期：2020-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Bacterial cells utilize monitoring substrates, which undergo force-sensitive translation elongation arrest, to feedback-regulate a Sec-related gene. Vibrio alginolyticus VemP controls the expression of SecD/F that stimulates a late step of translocation by undergoing export-regulated elongation arrest. Here, we attemp...

journal_title：eLife

authors： Miyazaki R,Akiyama Y,Mori H

更新日期：2020-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Making inferences about the computations performed by neuronal circuits from synapse-level connectivity maps is an emerging opportunity in neuroscience. The mushroom body (MB) is well positioned for developing and testing such an approach due to its conserved neuronal architecture, recently completed dense connectome,...

journal_title：eLife

authors： Li F,Lindsey JW,Marin EC,Otto N,Dreher M,Dempsey G,Stark I,Bates AS,Pleijzier MW,Schlegel P,Nern A,Takemura SY,Eckstein N,Yang T,Francis A,Braun A,Parekh R,Costa M,Scheffer LK,Aso Y,Jefferis GS,Abbott LF,Litwi

更新日期：2020-12-14 00:00:00

abstract：:As the demographics of the modern world skew older, understanding and mitigating the effects of aging is increasingly important within biomedical research. Recent studies in model organisms demonstrate that the aging process is frequently modified by an organism's ability to perceive and respond to changes in its envi...

journal_title：eLife

authors： Miller HA,Dean ES,Pletcher SD,Leiser SF

更新日期：2020-12-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Our knowledge about the repertoire of ribosomal RNA modifications and the enzymes responsible for installing them is constantly expanding. Previously, we reported that NSUN-5 is responsible for depositing m5C at position C2381 on the 26S rRNA in Caenorhabditis elegans. Here, we show that NSUN-1 is writing the second k...

journal_title：eLife

authors： Heissenberger C,Rollins JA,Krammer TL,Nagelreiter F,Stocker I,Wacheul L,Shpylovyi A,Tav K,Snow S,Grillari J,Rogers AN,Lafontaine DLJ,Schosserer M

更新日期：2020-12-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Some cortical neurons receive highly selective thalamocortical (TC) input, but others do not. Here, we examine connectivity of single thalamic neurons (lateral geniculate nucleus, LGN) onto putative fast-spike inhibitory interneurons in layer 4 of rabbit visual cortex. We show that three 'rules' regulate this connecti...

journal_title：eLife

authors： Bereshpolova Y,Hei X,Alonso JM,Swadlow HA

更新日期：2020-12-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Two different cell signals often affect transcription of the same gene. In such cases, it is natural to ask how the combined transcriptional response compares to the individual responses. The most commonly used mechanistic models predict additive or multiplicative combined responses, but a systematic genome-wide evalu...

journal_title：eLife

authors： Sanford EM,Emert BL,Coté A,Raj A

更新日期：2020-12-07 00:00:00

abstract：: ...

journal_title：eLife

authors： DeAngelis BD,Zavatone-Veth JA,Clark DA

更新日期：2020-12-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Previously, we found that in the mammalian retina, inhibitory inputs onto starburst amacrine cells (SACs) are required for robust direction selectivity of On-Off direction-selective ganglion cells (On-Off DSGCs) against noisy backgrounds (Chen et al., 2016). However, the source of the inhibitory inputs to SACs and how...

journal_title：eLife

authors： Chen Q,Smith RG,Huang X,Wei W

更新日期：2020-12-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Building a genotype-phenotype-fitness map of adaptation is a central goal in evolutionary biology. It is difficult even when adaptive mutations are known because it is hard to enumerate which phenotypes make these mutations adaptive. We address this problem by first quantifying how the fitness of hundreds of adaptive ...

journal_title：eLife

authors： Kinsler G,Geiler-Samerotte K,Petrov DA

更新日期：2020-12-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Imaging sperm as they travel through the female reproductive tract has revealed new details about fertilization at the molecular level. ...

journal_title：eLife

authors： Komondor KM,Carlson AE

更新日期：2020-12-02 00:00:00

abstract：:The dendritic cell receptor Clec9A facilitates processing of dead cell-derived antigens for cross-presentation and the induction of effective CD8+ T cell immune responses. Here, we show that this process is regulated by E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF41 and define a new ubiquitin-mediated mechanism for regulation of Clec9A, r...

journal_title：eLife

authors： Tullett KM,Tan PS,Park HY,Schittenhelm RB,Michael N,Li R,Policheni AN,Gruber E,Huang C,Fulcher AJ,Danne JC,Czabotar PE,Wakim LM,Mintern JD,Ramm G,Radford KJ,Caminschi I,O'Keeffe M,Villadangos JA,Wright MD,Blewitt

更新日期：2020-12-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Humans are motivated to seek information from their environment. How the brain motivates this behavior is unknown. One speculation is that the brain employs neuromodulatory systems implicated in primary reward-seeking, in particular dopamine, to instruct information-seeking. However, there has been no causal test for ...

journal_title：eLife

authors： Vellani V,de Vries LP,Gaule A,Sharot T

更新日期：2020-12-02 00:00:00

abstract：:A key challenge in antibiotic stewardship is figuring out how to use antibiotics therapeutically without promoting the evolution of antibiotic resistance. Here, we demonstrate proof of concept for an adjunctive therapy that allows intravenous antibiotic treatment without driving the evolution and onward transmission o...

journal_title：eLife

authors： Morley VJ,Kinnear CL,Sim DG,Olson SN,Jackson LM,Hansen E,Usher GA,Showalter SA,Pai MP,Woods RJ,Read AF

更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00