Abstract:
:Two Shigella species, Shigella flexneri and Shigella sonnei, cause approximately 90% of bacterial dysentery worldwide. While S. flexneri is the dominant species in low-income countries, S. sonnei causes the majority of infections in middle- and high-income countries. S. flexneri is a prototypic cytosolic bacterium; once intracellular, it rapidly escapes the phagocytic vacuole and causes pyroptosis of macrophages, which is important for pathogenesis and bacterial spread. In contrast, little is known about the invasion, vacuole escape, and induction of pyroptosis during S. sonnei infection of macrophages. We demonstrate here that S. sonnei causes substantially less pyroptosis in human primary monocyte-derived macrophages and THP1 cells. This is due to reduced bacterial uptake and lower relative vacuole escape, which results in fewer cytosolic S. sonnei and hence reduced activation of caspase-1 inflammasomes. Mechanistically, the O-antigen (O-Ag), which in S. sonnei is contained in both the lipopolysaccharide and the capsule, was responsible for reduced uptake and the type 3 secretion system (T3SS) was required for vacuole escape. Our findings suggest that S. sonnei has adapted to an extracellular lifestyle by incorporating multiple layers of O-Ag onto its surface compared to other Shigella species.IMPORTANCE Diarrheal disease remains the second leading cause of death in children under five. Shigella remains a significant cause of diarrheal disease with two species, S. flexneri and S. sonnei, causing the majority of infections. S. flexneri are well known to cause cell death in macrophages, which contributes to the inflammatory nature of Shigella diarrhea. Here, we demonstrate that S. sonnei causes less cell death than S. flexneri due to a reduced number of bacteria present in the cell cytosol. We identify the O-Ag polysaccharide which, uniquely among Shigella spp., is present in two forms on the bacterial cell surface as the bacterial factor responsible. Our data indicate that S. sonnei differs from S. flexneri in key aspects of infection and that more attention should be given to characterization of S. sonnei infection.
journal_name
mBiojournal_title
mBioauthors
Watson JL,Sanchez-Garrido J,Goddard PJ,Torraca V,Mostowy S,Shenoy AR,Clements Adoi
10.1128/mBio.02654-19subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-12-17 00:00:00issue
6issn
2150-7511pii
mBio.02654-19journal_volume
10pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
mBio文献大全abstract::Posttranslational modification of a protein, either alone or in combination with other modifications, can control properties of that protein, such as enzymatic activity, localization, stability, or interactions with other molecules. N-ε-Lysine acetylation is one such modification that has gained attention in recent ye...
journal_title:mBio
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1128/mBio.02708-18
更新日期:2019-04-09 00:00:00
abstract::Our knowledge of cell cycle regulatory mechanisms in apicomplexan parasites is very limited. In this study, we describe a novel Toxoplasma gondii factor that has a vital role in chromosome replication and the regulation of cytoplasmic and nuclear mitotic structures, and we named this factor ECR1 for essential for chro...
journal_title:mBio
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mBio.00579-17
更新日期:2017-08-22 00:00:00
abstract::The gut microbiota contributes to nutrients absorption and metabolism by enterocytes, but the molecular mechanisms involved remain poorly understood, and most conclusions are inferred from studies comparing germfree and conventional animals colonized with diverse bacterial species. We selected two model commensal micr...
journal_title:mBio
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mBio.01493-18
更新日期:2018-09-04 00:00:00
abstract::Pseudomonas aeruginosa, known as one of the leading causes of disease in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, secretes a variety of proteases. These enzymes contribute significantly to P. aeruginosa pathogenesis and biofilm formation in the chronic colonization of CF patient lungs, as well as playing a role in infections of...
journal_title:mBio
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mBio.02548-19
更新日期:2019-11-19 00:00:00
abstract::Butanol production by Clostridium acetobutylicum is accompanied by coproduction of acetone and ethanol, which reduces the yield of butanol and increases the production cost. Here, we report development of several clostridial aldehyde/alcohol dehydrogenase (AAD) variants showing increased butanol selectivity by a serie...
journal_title:mBio
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mBio.02683-18
更新日期:2019-01-22 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Ebola viruses (EBOV) cause severe disease in humans and nonhuman primates with high mortality rates and continue to emerge in new geographic locations, including several countries in West Africa, the site of a large ongoing outbreak. Phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PMOs) are synthetic antisense mole...
journal_title:mBio
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mBio.02344-14
更新日期:2015-02-10 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:The nucleus has emerged as a key target for nucleomodulins, a family of effectors produced by bacterial pathogens to control host transcription or other nuclear processes. The virulence factor LntA from Listeria monocytogenes stimulates interferon responses during infection by inhibiting BAHD1, a nuclear pro...
journal_title:mBio
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mBio.00775-13
更新日期:2014-01-21 00:00:00
abstract::UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc), the main product of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway, is an important metabolite in protozoan parasites since its sugar moiety is incorporated into glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) glycolipids and N- and O-linked glycans. Apicomplexan parasites have a hexosamine pathway compa...
journal_title:mBio
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mBio.02045-20
更新日期:2020-10-20 00:00:00
abstract::Sinorhizobium meliloti is an alphaproteobacterium belonging to the Rhizobiales Bacteria from this order elongate their cell wall at the new cell pole, generated by cell division. Screening for protein interaction partners of the previously characterized polar growth factors RgsP and RgsM, we identified the inner membr...
journal_title:mBio
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mBio.00306-20
更新日期:2020-06-30 00:00:00
abstract::Chlamydia trachomatis is an obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen that causes blinding trachoma and sexually transmitted disease afflicting hundreds of millions of people globally. A fundamental but poorly understood pathophysiological characteristic of chlamydial infection is the propensity to cause persistent in...
journal_title:mBio
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mBio.01902-20
更新日期:2020-08-18 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Similar to many eukaryotic viruses (and unlike bacteriophages), viruses infecting archaea are often encased in lipid-containing envelopes. However, the mechanisms of their morphogenesis and egress remain unexplored. Here, we used dual-axis electron tomography (ET) to characterize the morphogenesis of Sulfolo...
journal_title:mBio
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mBio.01439-16
更新日期:2016-09-13 00:00:00
abstract::Fission yeast phosphate homeostasis entails transcriptional induction of genes encoding phosphate-mobilizing proteins under conditions of phosphate starvation. Transcription factor Pho7, a member of the Zn2Cys6 family of fungal transcription regulators, is the central player in the starvation response. The DNA binding...
journal_title:mBio
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mBio.01218-17
更新日期:2017-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::Fungi in the genus Pneumocystis live in the lungs of mammals, where they can cause a fatal pneumonia (PCP [Pneumocystis pneumonia]) in hosts with compromised immune systems. The absence of a continuous in vitro culture system for any species of Pneumocystis has led to limited understanding of these fungi, especially f...
journal_title:mBio
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mBio.01851-16
更新日期:2016-12-13 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:The human pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) exhibits a high degree of genomic diversity and plasticity. Isolates with high genomic similarity are grouped into lineages that undergo homologous recombination at variable rates. PMEN1 is a pandemic, multidrug-resistant lineage. Heterologous gene e...
journal_title:mBio
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mBio.00173-15
更新日期:2015-06-16 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Members of the genus Vibrio include many pathogens of humans and marine animals that share genetic information via horizontal gene transfer. Hence, the Vibrio pan-genome carries the potential to establish new pathogenic strains by sharing virulence determinants, many of which have yet to be characterized. He...
journal_title:mBio
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mBio.01077-16
更新日期:2016-07-26 00:00:00
abstract::Membrane repair emerges as an innate defense protecting target cells against bacterial pore-forming toxins. Here, we report the first paradigm of Ca2+-dependent repair following attack by a small β-pore-forming toxin, namely, plasmid-encoded phobalysin of Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae In striking contrast, V...
journal_title:mBio
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mBio.02083-16
更新日期:2017-02-14 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Curing HIV-1 infection will require elimination of persistent cellular reservoirs that harbor latent virus in the face of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Proposed immunotherapeutic strategies to cure HIV-1 infection include enhancing lysis of these infected cells by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). ...
journal_title:mBio
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mBio.00473-16
更新日期:2016-05-31 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Competence for genetic transformation in Streptococcus pneumoniae develops in response to accumulation of a secreted peptide pheromone and was one of the initial examples of bacterial quorum sensing. Activation of this signaling system induces not only expression of the proteins required for transformation b...
journal_title:mBio
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mBio.00071-11
更新日期:2011-09-20 00:00:00
abstract::Neisseria meningitidis (the meningococcus) is primarily a commensal of the human oropharynx that sporadically causes septicemia and meningitis. Meningococci adapt to diverse local host conditions differing in nutrient supply, like the nasopharynx, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid, by changing metabolism and protein repe...
journal_title:mBio
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mBio.02293-16
更新日期:2017-03-21 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Recent studies strongly suggest that the gene expression sustaining both normal and pathogenic bacterial growth is governed by the structural dynamics of the chromosome. However, the mechanistic device coordinating the chromosomal configuration with selective expression of the adaptive traits remains largely...
journal_title:mBio
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mBio.00353-15
更新日期:2015-04-28 00:00:00
abstract::Cerebral malaria is a severe neurological complication associated with sequestration of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes (IE) in the brain microvasculature, but the specific binding interactions remain under debate. Here, we have generated an engineered three-dimensional (3D) human brain endothelial microve...
journal_title:mBio
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mBio.00420-19
更新日期:2019-05-28 00:00:00
abstract::Distinct mammalian RNA viruses trigger Dicer-mediated production of virus-derived small-interfering RNAs (vsiRNA) and encode unrelated proteins to suppress vsiRNA biogenesis. However, the mechanism and function of the mammalian RNA interference (RNAi) response are poorly understood. Here, we characterized antiviral RN...
journal_title:mBio
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mBio.03278-19
更新日期:2020-08-04 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Marine methane seeps are globally distributed geologic features in which reduced fluids, including methane, are advected upward from the subsurface. As a result of alkalinity generation during sulfate-coupled methane oxidation, authigenic carbonates form slabs, nodules, and extensive pavements. These carbona...
journal_title:mBio
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mBio.01348-15
更新日期:2015-12-22 00:00:00
abstract::Dephospho-coenzyme A (dephospho-CoA) kinase (DPCK) catalyzes the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of dephospho-CoA, the final step in coenzyme A (CoA) biosynthesis. DPCK has been identified and characterized in bacteria and eukaryotes but not in archaea. The hyperthermophilic archaeon Thermococcus kodakarensis encodes tw...
journal_title:mBio
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mBio.01146-19
更新日期:2019-07-23 00:00:00
abstract::The facultative intracellular pathogen Listeria monocytogenes, like many related Firmicutes, uses the nucleotide second messenger cyclic di-AMP (c-di-AMP) to adapt to changes in nutrient availability, osmotic stress, and the presence of cell wall-acting antibiotics. In rich medium, c-di-AMP is essential; however, muta...
journal_title:mBio
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mBio.01625-20
更新日期:2020-08-25 00:00:00
abstract::History suggests that the 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza virus faces extinction unless it mutates to avoid already high global population immunity. The immune escape mechanisms potentially at its disposal include antigenic drift, antigenic shift via genetic reassortment, and intrasubtypic reassortment. Going back to the...
journal_title:mBio
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mBio.00211-10
更新日期:2010-09-28 00:00:00
abstract::The disabling disorder known as chronic fatigue syndrome or myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) has been linked in two independent studies to infection with xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV) and polytropic murine leukemia virus (pMLV). Although the associations were not confirmed in subsequent studi...
journal_title:mBio
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1128/mBio.00266-12
更新日期:2012-09-18 00:00:00
abstract::Formation of multispecies communities allows nearly every niche on earth to be colonized, and the exchange of molecular information among neighboring bacteria in such communities is key for bacterial success. To clarify the principles controlling interspecies interactions, we previously developed a coculture model wit...
journal_title:mBio
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mBio.02758-20
更新日期:2021-01-19 00:00:00
abstract::Peroxisomes are found in essentially all eukaryotic cells and have been described as important hubs in innate sensing and the induction of type III interferons upon viral infection. Nevertheless, it remains poorly investigated how viral pathogens modulate biogenesis or function of peroxisomes to evade innate sensing a...
journal_title:mBio
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mBio.00967-20
更新日期:2020-05-26 00:00:00
abstract::Aspergillus fumigatus is the leading cause of pulmonary fungal diseases. Azoles have been used for many years as the main antifungal agents to treat and prevent invasive aspergillosis. However, in the last 10 years there have been several reports of azole resistance in A. fumigatus and new strategies are needed to com...
journal_title:mBio
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mBio.00816-20
更新日期:2020-06-16 00:00:00