Rosiglitazone polarizes microglia and protects against pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus.

Abstract:

AIMS:Activated microglia have been found in the forebrains and hippocampi of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients and status epileptic (SE) animal models. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR γ) agonist rosiglitazone has been shown to prevent microglial activation. However, its role in pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus remains unknown. We aimed to examine the effect of the PPAR γ agonist rosiglitazone in protecting against pilocarpine-induced status epileptic resulting from over-activation and to explore phenotypic changes in microglia as the underlying mechanism. METHODS:Male C57BL/6 mice were assigned to three groups: the control group, pilocarpine-induced (SE) group, and rosiglitazone-treated (SE+Rosi) group. Status epileptic mice were administered 300 mg/kg pilocarpine via intraperitoneal injection. SE+Rosi mice were administered rosiglitazone (0.1 mg/kg, i.p.) after SE. Flow cytometry, immunofluorescence staining, and quantitative real-time PCR were used to examine the activation of and phenotypic changes in microglia in the brain and to evaluate neuroinflammation. RESULTS:We found that the expression of proinflammatory CD86 and iNOS was increased and that the expression of antiinflammatory CD206 and Arg-1 was decreased in the brains of pilocarpine-induced SE mice compared to control mice. The mRNA levels of proinflammatory and antiinflammatory cytokines were not significantly changed in the brain. Rosiglitazone treatment significantly inhibited the proinflammatory polarization of microglia and rescued neuron loss in the temporal lobe and hippocampi of the brain after SE. CONCLUSION:Rosiglitazone reverses microglial polarization in the brains of SE mice and also affords neuroprotection against pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus without inducing significant changes in brain inflammation.

journal_name

CNS Neurosci Ther

authors

Peng J,Wang K,Xiang W,Li Y,Hao Y,Guan Y

doi

10.1111/cns.13265

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2019-12-01 00:00:00

pages

1363-1372

issue

12

eissn

1755-5930

issn

1755-5949

journal_volume

25

pub_type

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